(Folklore Fellows Communications, 184) Antti Aarne, Stith Thompson-The Types of the Folktale_ A Classification and Bibliography-Academia Scientiarum Fennica (1961).pdf - PDFCOFFEE.COM (2025)

THE TYPES OF THE FOLKTALE A CLASSIFICATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ANTTI

A A R N E ’S

V e r z e i c h n i s de r M a r c h e n t y p e n (FF Communications No. 3) T r a n s l a t e d a n d E n l a r g e d by

S T I T FI T FI O M/P S O N Indiana University

Second Revision

H E L S IN K I

1 9 G1

SU O M A L A IN E N T IE D E A K A T E M I A A C A D E M IA S C I E N T I A R U M F E N N I C A

Presented, at the Academia Scientiarum Fennica by Martti Haavio and Lauri Hakulinen on May 12, 1961

PREFACE

TO

THE S E C O N D

REVISION

Almost immediately after the appearance of the first revision of this work, regional and national indexes of folktales from Russia, Spain, Ice­ land, and Lithuania brought suggestions of many new types which should be included in any future edition, if it is to be usable and adequate. And during all the years since, as new surveys have appeared from various parts of the world, it has beqonjp^tflear that although the Types of the Folktale, both in its original form of 1910 and in its revision of 1928, has served as a basis for nearly all the classifications, it could be made much more valuable if it were revised so as to take better account of the actual body of narrative material present in the various countries. ' At the Congress for the Study of the Folktale at Lund in 1935, the question of the revision of The Types of the Folktale was discussed at some length. The usefulness of the index for bringing the great mass of folk­ tales of various countries into a single classification was clear enough, as was the desirability of its eventual improvement. It was shown that Aarne in his original classification had proceeded primarily from the practical necessity of arranging the great Finnish collections of tales, and that his classification had also covered the countries of northern Europe reasonably well. Although some attempt was later made, in the first revision, to extend the coverage of the index to southern Europe, it was still true that most of the countries of southern and southeast Europe and of Asia over to India were left practically unnoticed. And this was in spite of the fact that for any comparative studies oT folktales the versions from the Mediterranean, the near East, and India are of prime importance. The extent of the area to be covered in the revision was discussed, and it was agreed that India itself demanded special consideration. Before the end of the congress, I had agreed that, with the help of my colleagues, I

would undertake to revise the index in due time. Meanwhile, I wished to make a special study of the tales of India so as to balance the index between east and west. At that time, no systematic study had been made of the folktales of any of the countries of southeast Europe or of the near east. Even today there are large areas almost completely unexplored, such as Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. But within the last twenty years, much has been done to make available oral narratives from many different countries, in­ cluding the south and east, so that the balance between east and west is no longer as uneven as it was in Aarne’s day. Good indexes are now available for Russia, Spain, Iceland, Lithuania, Latvia, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Turkey, France, India, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Spanish America. All of these have appeared since the publication of the first revision, and several others are nearly ready for publication — Greece, French Canada, Scotland, and Ireland. In addition to these various surveys, the last years have witnessed the development of various folktale archives, some of them of first-rate importance. In preparing the present revision, I have attempted to visit all of these possible, and 1 have actually spent some weeks in most of them — Quebec, Edinburgh, Dublin, Marburg, Copenhagen, Lund, Stockholm, Uppsala, Oslo, Helsinki, Ljubljana, Zagreb, and Athens. My purpose in visiting these was to see how far the archives were finding the 1928 revision adequate for their use. For tales already in that revision, I secured an inventory of the holdings of the archives and learned of the need of additions and changes. During the last years, many important studies of individual tales have appeared, and it is my hope that none of these have been overlooked. A number of notable articles appeared in the Handworterbuch dcs deutschen MarchenSy although its publication was interrupted midway. Within the last few years, an important event in folktale study has been the establish­ ment of the periodical Fabula. Here many collections of folktales have been arranged according to types. And since some of these collections are in languages difficult for the ordinary student, these analyses fre­ quently serve as keys to unlock otherwise impenetrable doors. Since the surveys for such countries as Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary appear in the original languages, I have had to secure the help of native speakers in order to use these surveys. It has been helpful afterward to check my results with these reviews in Fabula and other

journals. I am particularly grateful for help in this respect from Pro­ fessor Walter Anderson. The title of the present work, either in its original German form or in its English form, is certainly not quite accurate. The German word Mdrchen is in some ways better than the English word folktale, although there are certainly many things in the index which are by no means Mdrchen. At any rate, neither the Marchen, nor the folktales of all the world are considered in this index. Students of the tale have long realized that the lands from Ireland to India form an important tradition area where the same stories are found, some of them extending over the entire territory, and some following these peoples as they migrate to distant continents. Strictly then, this work might be called »The Types of the Folk-Tale of Europe, West Asia, and the Lands Settled by These tin- s < | i i i m 4 a n d a s k s h i m w h y h e is a l w a y s s o g a y . 4 ’h e s q u i r r e l b e g s t o b e s e t l i v e b e f o r e a n s w e r i n g t h e q u e s t i o n . 1 l e c l i m b s u p a. t r e e a n d s a y s t h a t t h e w o l f c a n n o t h e g a y b e c a u s e o f h i s w i c k e d h e a i t . L a t v i a n ( * 8 2 7 . A ls o k n o w n in R u s sia .

8*

7

Itc Bear Climbs on to a 1 re? t o L atvian

g e t a t t h e h o n e v , b u t h e f a il s .

(-88) 2.

'1hr AVjnincL T h e needle at first lias little success; receives blow s from (he others. F in allv it slips in to an elk ’s stom aeh and kills the elk. [JA91 J. Finnish 9; R ussian: A ndrejcv; T m k ish : E berhard-B oratav N o. IP. /.

'1

Monhrr (Cat '■ who J jf l his U nni at Horn?. M onkey w hen caught for his heart (as rrm ed \ ) m akes his captor b elieve that lie has left his heart hom e. Is released. | K5 14 |.

Dahnhardt IV Iff. Latvian (***288)7: Hungarian (Kovacs 12211/], P.-VJ11/^ Brrzc Nagy 139 *) 2; Jewish : Neumann (K5-14); India 7; Indo­ nesian: DeVries N. 5, Dixon 193; Japanese: Ikcda (K5 14); Philippine: Pansier MAF1.S Nil 37-1 No. 59. Spanish-American: Hansen (**283) (Puerto Rico) /. African (Zanzibar): Bateman 17 No. 1. Literary Treatments: Chauvin II 99 No. 57; Penzer V 127 n. 1 ; Buddhist mvth: Malalasekera II 852: *Bodker 248 No. 92. 11*

l h? II Off (.anit ' r,'> a Biu. 'J'h Hensscn Jiil. No. 437b); Italian; Rumanian 8; Hungarian 5; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 27 , (Istrian) No. 1; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine K f Afanasiev 16; Greek 3; Turkish: Eberhard-Boralav Nos. 15, 45 III, Anlage G 2.

103

103A

103A*

'The. Cat as She-fox's Husband. Frightens the other wild animals invited by her. [B281.9.1]. Latvian (*103A) 43; Lithuanian (*103A) 8. Cat Claims to be King and Receives Food from other Animal*

w h o f l e e f r o m h i m in

fright. H u n g a r i a n : K o v a e s ( 1 0 . T ; .7. K ) 8 B :,:

1 he Cat Coes Hunting w i t h t h e h u n t s m a n . T h e t o m - c a t r e m a i n s b e s i d e t h e s h o t s t a g , w h i l e t h e h u t i l s m a n g o e s f o r a c a r t . H u * t o m - r a t l i c k s t h e s t a g ’s b l o o d . I ’h e o t h e r a n i m a l s , t h i n k i n g t h a t h e is a m i g h t y b e a s t , b r i n g h i m f o o d . L a t v i a n (* 1 ()3 B ) 7 (c o n tin u e s as T y p e 103;.

103C*

Ob! Ass 'Turned out by Master Meets Rear or Lion. T h e y h a v e v a r i o u s c o n t e s t s . A s s fr ig h t e n s his o p p o n e n t w it h c lu n g c a lle d c a n n o n b a l l s , or b y b r a y i n g . T h i s m a r ­ v e l o u s a n i m a l is d e s c r i b e d t o f o x o r w o l f . C f . ' T y p e s 10(50, 1 1 1 4 . C a ta la n : A rn ad es N o . 329.

103D*

Flight of the Animals. w in d . R u m a n ia n

104

1 1a l l - s k i l i n e d g o a t f r i g h t e n e d b y m a n ’s ( w o m a n ' s ) b r e a k i n g

5.

War between the domestic and wild animals. The cat raises her tail; the wild animals think it is a gun and flee. [K2323]. Cf. Type 222. The Cowardly Duelers.

Stilh Thompson

44

1-TC 184

*BP I 425 (Grimm No. 48); Coffin 7; Dahnhnrdt JV 209. — Finnish Finnish-Swcdish 4 ; Estonian 8; Latvian 77; Lithuanian 7; Swedish 3 (Liungman 1, misc. 2 ); Danish 2; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 246 -248; Flemish 1; German 25 (Archive 22, Henssen Jiil. No. 437b, Merk. p. 308, Meckl. No. 12); ITungarian 1: Slovenian 4; Polish 5; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine G. - - Franco-Amcrir.an 1: American Indian: Thomp­ son C Coll II 13Off.

6;

105

The Cat's Only Trick. She saves herself on a tree. The fox who knows a hundred tricks is captured. [J1602]. *BP II 1 19 (Grimm No. 75). — Finnish 25; Finnish-Swcdish 3; Latvian G; Lappish 1; Swedish. G (Uppsala 3> Goteborg 2, Liungman 7); Norwegian 7: Danish 4; Irish .9; French 5; Spanish 7; Catalan: Amadcs No. 320; German 18 (Archive 77, Meckl. No. 13); Hungarian 1; Slo­ venian 7; Polish 3: Russian: Andrejcv; India 7. — Spanish-Amcrican : FI ansen (Argentina) 2 , (Dominican Republic) 1; West Indies (Negro): Beckwith MAFLS XVII 239. - - African 2.

105*

The Hedgehog's only Trick.

105 A *

Cal's Curiosity and Single Trick.

G r e e k 5 , H a h n N o . 9 1 , L a o g r a p h i a 1 322fl'.

105B*

106

C a t w a n t s to k n o w w h a t a g iv e n s u itc a s e a n d sen t to p la in s w h e r e th e r e a re n o trees, d o g j u m p s o u t . T h e L o r d p la c e s a tr e e for c a t to c lim b . k n o w a n y m o r e a b o u t a p r e d ic a m e n t.. ( S o m e t i m e s told o f fo r m i s e r y . ) O f. T y p e 3 2 6 . S p a n ish -A m crica n : H a n sen * 2 1 8 \ . IV-. D o m i n i c a n R i c o ) 2.

Fox and Hawk.

H a w k p lays d e a d . T h e r e b y |d \ B ette r sim ple, t h a n s e v e n f o ld u n d e r s t a n d in g . R u m a n i a n ( 3 3 P i:j 2: S l o v e n i a n 2.

p r e d i c a m e n t is. C a t is l i e o p en s suitcase a n d C a t d o e s n o t w a n t to m o n k e y a n d h is d e s i r e R ep u b lic;

is a l s o s a v e d

fro m

3.

(P uerto

the hu nters.

^ini/mils’ Conversation (imitation of animal sounds). Cl. Tvpcs 296, 236*,

2075. **A arn e F F C . IX . Scrbocvoatian / .

- -

H un g a r i a n

s)

( K ) 6 :|

A

(1 0 6

1)

/

;

S lo v e n ia n

2;

106*

1 he l i e / / and the lhug. .1 h e h o g t l i s i v g a i ' d s a d v i c e : a i u ; g h l li e g o e s out. h e y o n « 1 th e g a b '. T Jie w o l f c a l s h i m . R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v 3.

107

Dog Teaa'tr bears Defeat lletau\e his buttes are i)ijfi rent Bn yds. W olves are all o f one kind. [ J 1023J. *BP II 545h ; M K ilm hardt IV l()41h 290. - L ithuanian ( :1 107) 2. -L iterary T reatm en t: W ienert FTC L V I 47 (E T 57), *48 (E T 68), 112 (S T 2 3 0 ); A esop (TIalm N o . 267).

110

Belling the Cat. 'The m ire lniv a bell for the cat but no one dares tie it on her. [J671.1]. * *B aum M E N X X X I V 46 2 ; * Pauli (cd. Boltc) N o. 694; D a lm h a rd l Tsatursagen IV7 145ff. -— F innish 5; F in n ish -S w cd ish 3; E stonian 3 ; L ivonian 7; L a tv ia n 6 ; Sw edish 3 (Stockholm 7, mist'. 2 ); Irish 7;

FFC 1HI

l'lic Types o( tin: Folktale

4:~.

Catalan: Ainadcs No. 549: Italian 3 (Tuscan A Sicilian /); Hungarian 2; Russian: Andrejev; Creek: Loukatos No. 1: Turkish* PlberhardBoralav No. 41 1. — Spanisli-Amcrican: Rael No. 197 (U.S.). - - Lite­ rary treatm ent: Wcsselski Hodscha Xasreddin I 260 No. 213; "Wessclski Arlotto II 226 No. 93; Aesop (Halm No. 15. Jacobs No. 67); Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 634. 110*

Is the Cat at Home? The mouse asks the cricket if Oh* eat is at home. The cricket says. »No,» hut that is a lie'. The cut devours the mouse.

Latvian 24. The Cat and the Alouse Concersc. The mouse tells the eat a tale. The cat answers, »Even so, I eat you up.» [K561.1.1]. Finnish 3; Norwegian 25: Danish 21: Flemish 1; Russian :Andrejev; Greek: Loukatos Nos. 2, 3: Indonesian: DeVries No. 96. —- PYancoAmorican 1. I l l A Wolf Unjustly Accuses Lamb and Eats him. When all the lamb's defenses are good the wolf asserts the right of the strong over the weak. (Usually accused of stirring up water lower in stream.) [U31], *Cranc Vitry 191 No. 135. - - Latvian (*120) 4; Russian: Andrejev; India 4; Indonesian: DeVries No. 03. — Literary Treatment: Aesop (Hahn No. 274, Jacobs No. 2); Wiencrt FFC LVI 50 (ET 97), 148 (ST 52G5; Italian Novella: Rotunda.

Ill

111 A* A Drunkard's Promise. A drunken mouse challenges a cat to fight. The cat: is about to kill him when the mouse reminds the cat that, when the cal. was drunk, In* had promised the mouse never to kill him. »That was a drunkard’s pmnn.se,>> says the cat. Kills the mouse. Irish.

112

Countn Mouse Visits Town Mouse. Former prefers poverty with safely. JJ21L2]. Cf. Type 215. :i:Anderson in Tauscher Volks marchen 164; *Crane Vitry 199 No. 157. - Finnish 3; P iimish-Swcclish 3; Latvian 5; Lithuanian 1; Swedish 5 (Up])sala /. Cidteborg o, Linngman 2); Norwegian 2: Danish 3; Catalan: Amades No. 341; Cennan 5 (Archive 4\ Meckl. No. 15); Italian (Sicilian 3); Rumanian 2; Hungarian 3; Serbocroalian 2; Polish 2; Russian: Andrejev; Greek /, Loukatos No. 5; Turkish: EberharcLBoratav No. 14 1: India /. • Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 15 No. 5, CXXVI1I 19f. No. 3. Spanisli-Amcrican: RaelXos. (394), 407, 408, (409) (U.S.). — Literary Treatment: Aesop (Halm No. 297, Jacobs No. 7); "Wiencrt PTC LYI 59 (ET 2 Lund 7); Norwegian 6; Danish: Kristcnscn Jyskc Fr.» (Imitation of c ricket sound, i Cf. Types IOC, 206, 236*. Hungarian (291* i 2.

293

Debate of the Belly and the Members. Debate as to their usefulness. All are mutually useful. [J461.1J. *Prato Archivio per to studio della Iradizioni popolari. IV (1885) 25ff.; Pen/er V 135 n.; ‘♦Pauli (ed. Boltc) No. 399; Wiene rt FFC LVI *43 (ET 6), 92 (ST 59); Ilalm Aesop No. 197; Jacobs Aesop 206 No. 29; *Orane Vitry 167 No. 73: *PI. Gombel Die Fabcl vom Magen and den Glicdcru (Bcihdte zur Zs. f. romanischc Pliilologic LXXX [Halle. 1934]). — French 1; Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas III 71, *301 f., *Ncuman; Indonesia: DeVries No. 139. — African (Rkoi): Talbot. 393.

293A* 1 he Spring and the Wood. The spring reproaches the wood with depriving it of light and warmth. Men hew the wood clown, the spring dries up. Latvian (*292) 3. 293B* 1 he Mushroom Reviles the Young Oak for clinging to it. After three clays the mush­ room collapses. The oak keeps on growing. | J953]. Latvian (**291) 19.

8U

Slith Thompson

FFC 1«4

293C*

Man and ills Associate. A n i m a l s , i n s e c t s , a n d i n a n i m a t e t h i n g s : e a c h t e l l s o f t h e p l a c e it b e s t l i k e s t o l i v e i n . ( F l e a c h a t s w i t h f l y , o n e d i s e a s e w i t h a n o t h e r , b r e a d w i t h h o o t, etc .) L ith u a n ia n (*290) d

293D *

'The Hops and the Turnips Qjiarrcl. » Y o u t e a r t h e c h i l d r e n ' s b e l l i e s . » - - - » M u r d e r e r o f m e n . » la tter o n th ey are r e c o n c ile d . » S n p p o r tc r o f th e p o o r .» »C om fortrr o f m en .» L atvian (* 2 8 9 )

5. 293E* The Gunns Talk with One Another. T h e

b a r l e y : » \ V c g o w h e r e g o l d is t o b e f o u n d . » T h e w h e a t : » \ V e o u r s e lv e s a r e g o l d . » C f. R u s s i a n t a le : t w o k in d s o f p o r r id g e talk . O n e : »I a m g o o d w it h m i l k .» T h e o t h e r : » l a m g o o d in a n d for m v s e lf .» L a tv ia n (* 2 8 8 ) L

298k *

Human Alveus and Excrement Convene. T h e f o r m e r p r o s p e r s b e t t e r in t o w n , latter in th e c o u n tr y . L a t v i a n ( * 2 8 7 , 1 2; H u n g a r i a n : K o v a r s ( 2 8 7 JT) 1.

298G *

7 he Hedgehog, the Shilling, and the Gentleman. T h e h e d g e h o g f i n d s a s h i l l i n g . T h e y o u n g g e n t l e m a n t a k e s i t a w a y f r o m h i m , t h e n t h r o w 's it b a c k a g a i n . T h e h e d g e ­ h o g m u se s: »} la v in g m u c h , I g o a lo n g th e r o a d sid e . F ie w h o h a d n o t h in g , took all a w a y f r o m m e . . . f e e l i n g a s h a m e d , r e t u r n e d it.» [ J 9 5 3 ] . L a t v i a n ( * 2 8 1 ) 8; L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 7 8 ) 3.

294

7 lie Months and the Seasons. Symbolic actions. *Roberts Kind and Unkind Girls 75 (9 v.). — Latvian (**299A-—D) 7. The Bean, the Straw, and the Coal. The coal burns the straw in two and falls into the water. The bean laughs till it splits. Motifs: F I025.1. Bean, straw and coal go journeying. Coal burns straw in two and falls into the water. Bean laughs until it splits. A2741.1. Bean laughs till it splits: cause of black stripe. *BP I 135 (Grimm No. 18). — Estonian (295*) 4; Livonian (295*) 4; Latvian 39; Lithuanian 2; Danish 2; French 3; Flemish (295*) 6; German 6; Hungarian 4; Russian: Afanasiev 2; India 1. — FrancoArncrican 7; West Indies (Negro) 27; American Negro: Beckwith MAFIAS XVII 280, *285; American Indian (Ojibwa): Jones-Michelson PALS VII (II) 131 No. 11, 701 No. 71 ; (San Carlos Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 75.

295

th e

297 O b je c ts g o on W a r p a th . 297A 7 wile's war-parly. Turtle recruits war-parly of strange objects (knife, brush, awl, etc.) and animals. Because of their nature the companions get into trouble. [FI025.2, F601.7J. American Indian: *Tlionipson Tales 302 n. 108. — Japanese: Milford 1851T., Ikeda. 297B The War of the Mushrooms. A mushroom summons the mushrooms to war. All refuse except the brown mushrooms. Russian: Afanasiev 7. 298 Contest of Wind and Sun. Sun by warmth causes traveler to remove coat, while the wind by violent blowing causes him to pull it closer around him. [A287.0.1].

l'F C ]H4

Tie* 'Jvp Solheim 2; Danish 11; Irish 12; French 77; Flemish 2: German 31 (Ranke 30> Meckl. No. 37); Austrian: Haiding No. 69; Rumanian 22> *Sainenu 466; Hungarian 10, Degh No. 1; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 56, Soupis II (1) 269 ---276 77; Scrbncroatian 5; Polish 9; Russian: Andrcjev 1; Greek 12; Turkish: Kberhard-Boratav Nos. 213, 247 III 26; Albanian: Lambert/ 2 If.; Berber: Laoust No. 120. --Franco-American 12. -- African 1. The Magic .S7flj(7’|T)1254]. Animals as helpers. 'Two noble lords steals the rescued princess [K1935J. '1 he hero recovers her with help of t.hc* animals [8544]. Lappish 7.

305 (formerly 305*; The Dragons Heart-blood as Remedy for the Ring [D1500.1.7.3.3). Hero kills the dragon and brings the heart [111 1.11]. Nobleman overpowers him and receives the princess [K 193.5’]. As last the truth comes to light. Danish: Grundlvig No. 11: Serbocroatian l; Polish 7: Russian: Andrejev. 306 The, Danced-out Shoes. The princess’s nightly visits to the supernatural being. A youth who follows her and wins her hand. Cf. Type 507. I. Princess as Prize, (a) A princess is offered to the man who can find why her shoes are danced to pieces each morning, II. Discovery of Ihe Secret, (a) By refusing a narcotic the hero succeeds where others have failed in keeping awake, (b) By making himself in­ visible, he accompanies the princess on a magic underground journey through enchanted woods of copper, silver, and gold, (d) where she dances with a supernatural being. III. Recognition, (a) Tokens from the supernatural realm corroborate his tale and he marries the princess.

FFC

\m

Tin T y p e s o f th e F o l k t a l e

99

Mo1 ifs: 1. TG8. Princess offered as prize. 11508.2. Bride offered to man who can find answer in question. F I015.1.1. 'The. danced-out shoes. IT. 1)13(71.7. Sleeping potion. K625.1. Escape of girl foiled by hero's refusal to take narcotic. 1)1080. Magic invisibility. 1)2131. Magic under­ ground journey. F011.1.3. Copper tree. F811.1.2. Silver tree. F811.1.1. Golden tree. T118. Girl (man) married to (enamored of) a monster, D2174. Magic dancing. Enchanted persons dance till released. III. H00. Identification by tokens. H83. Rescue tokens. Proof that hero has succeeded in rescue. LI01. Lowly hero marries princess. *BP III 78 (Grimm No. 133); *Liungman SSF 111 429; Krolm FFC XCVI 89; Kdhler-Boltc I *112! 437. — Finnish 4; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 9; Livonian 3; Lithuanian 17; Lappish 1; Danish 13; Nor­ wegian 2; Icelandic 14; Irish 33; French 3, Spanish cf. 1; German: Ranke 12; Austrian: Haiding No. 53; Rumanian 6, Sainenu 777; Hungarian 14; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 311--318, Soupis II (1) 337—347 12; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 8; Russian: Afana­ siev 13; Greek 6', Loukatos No. 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 183 10. —- Franco-Amcrican 4, Antilles 5; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 291 No. 95, 293 No.’ 9G; West Indies (Negro) 5. — African 1. 306A The Pursuit of the Heavenly Maiden. I. The Heavenly Maiden. The prince secs a lovely maiden and wishes to marry her. (a) She agrees but stipulates that she must be allowed to return to her parent’s home each evening. II. Following to the Other World. The prince is given a magic object which makes him invisible [1)1980] and follows his wife, (a) A flying tree (b) or other flying object carries her and other fairies to heaven to dance before lndra or some other god or supernatural being. The prince is able to seize the flying object and to remain unnoticed in Indra’s court, (e) While the fairies are dancing, he takes the place of one of the musicians. III. Winning his Wife, (a) He plays so well that lndra grants him a boon and he demands his wile [F81.1]. Or (b) he is told he must pick out his wife from among others similarly clad. India 12. 307 The Princess in the Shroud. Each morning the watchers are found dead. A youth overcomes the enchantment; the dead girl comes out of the shroud. He wins her hand. (Not always a princess). Sometimes com­ bined with Type 506 (I b, V). I. The Parents' Hasty Wish, (a) Barren parents wish for a child even if she is a devil, (b) A daughter is born who is diabolical. II. Vampire. After her death she leaves her grave in the church at night like a vampire and kills the soldiers who keep watch.

Stitli Thompson

100

TIT.: 181

III. Disenchantment. Al last she is disenchanted by a youth, on the advice of an old man, when lor ihrce nights in prayer, once kneeling before the altar, once prone before the altar, and once lying in her grave, lie endures her punishments. The other watchers are resuscitated. Happy marriage. Motifs: I. T548.1. Child born in answer to prayer. S223. Childless couple promise child to the devil if they may only have one. G758.1. Monster born because of hasty wish of parents. T556. Woman gives birth to demon. II. E251. Vampire. Corpse which comes from grave at night and sucks blood. III. D701. Gradual disenchantment. N825.2. Old man helper. M241. Bargain: to divide all winnings. V52.2. Continuous prayer sustains man through frightful vigil. CM01.1. Tabu: speaking during vigil. H1451. Test: speechless vigil in church. D758.1. Disenchantment by three nights’ silence under punishment. E25I.1.1. Vampire’s power overcome by endurance and prayer. Hero continues to pray without looking or speaking while vampire punishes him. E251.2.1. Vampire brought to life through endurance of punishment by her victim. E0. Resuscitation. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. **Ghristiansen in Fcsiskrift til II. P. Hansen (Aarhus) 21311.; *BP III 834 (Grimm No. 219). — Finnish 13; Estonian 37; Livonian 1; Lithua­ nian (*369) 77; Norwegian 7, Solheim 1; Danish 7.7, Grundtvig No. 23 B; French 13; Walloon (*307A; 1; German 5/ (Archive .77, Mcrk. p. 187, Ilensscn Volk No. 176); Austrian: Ilaiding No. 53; Rumanian 11; Hungarian 10; Czech: Tillc Soupis II (1) 326- 887 14; Slovenian 77; Serbocioalian 14; Polish 30; Russian: Andrcjev Ukraine 22, Afanasiev 31 ; India 7. —- Franco-Amcrican 2. - African 7. 307A* Ring from the Dead. A soldier who watches the grave of a queen receives from the dead a ring, which she had stolen from her sister; the sister forgives the dead woman and the dead (’east's to frighten. Polish (308; 7. 307B* The Conquered Ghost. A soldier watches in a haunted casde, and thrice conquers the ghost and closes him in the. grave. The black daughter of the king become, white and marries her deliverer. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (419). 307C* Ten Xights' Resistance. A young man delivers an enchanted princess hv resisting her temptations for ten nights. [H I272, D750]. Polish (453) 2. 308* The Magic Hammers. The rejected hero triumphs through the aid of a magic hammer [D1209.4] (sabre [D1082]) and marries the princess [L161].

Flemish 2.

308** Watching the Supposed Corpse. A stepmother asks her stepson to watch three nights over her corpse. An old man, however, acts as watch. They frighten e ach other in dragon form. li e conquers her but lets her go. She explains her plan to him.

ffg

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The Types of the Folktale

101

She transforms herself into a child and is adopted by a king. The old man takes service with the king and the child must beg his food from him. She kills the queen, takes her clothes and passes as queen. She falsely accuses the old man of the murder. (Various endings.) Icelandic a.

310

The Maiden in the Tower. Rapunzel. The hair ladder for the witch. The prince is blinded. I. Promise of Quid. To appease a witch whom he has offended, a man promises her his child when it is born. II. The Hair Ladder, (a) 'Flic girl is imprisoned in a windowless tower which the witch enters by climbing' on her hair as a ladder, (b) The king’s son watches and does likewise. III. Abandonment and Blinding, (a) When the witch discovers the deceit, she cuts off the girl’s hair and abandons her in a desert, (b) When the prince comes, he saves himself by jumping from the tower, and is blinded. IV. Blindness cured. Finally his wife’s tears falling on his eyes heal them. Motifs: I. S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save himself from danger or death. G204. Girl in service of witch. II. R41.2. Captivity in tower. T381. Imprisoned virgin to prevent knowledge of men (marriage, impregnation). F848.1. Girl’s long hair as ladder into lower. L I62. Lowly heroine marries prince (king). III. SI44. Abandonment in desert. SI65. Mutilation: putting out eyes. IV. F952.1. blindness cured by tears. **Liilhi »l)ir Hcrkunft des Grimmschen Raj)unzelm;irehens» Fahula III 95ff.;*bPI 97 (Grimm No. 12); *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 228 n. 1. - Lithuanian 6; Irish 1; French 17; Catalan: Arnades Nos. 34, 160, 172; Flemish J: German: Ranke 8; Italian 15 (Pentamcroue II No. 1, Tuscan 310 a, b. 313 a d, [306), [858], [859] 9, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach Nos. 20, 53); Serbocroatian 3: Polish 2; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 11; Turkish: Lbcrhard-boratav No. 200 V, Anlage G 12. — FrancoAmerican 2; Spanish-American: Hansen (Cuba) /, (Puerto Rico) 7, (Dominican Republic) (310**A) 1; West Indies (Negro) 4.

311, 312 1 hue Sisters Rescued from the power of an ogre. 311

Rescue by the Sister, who deceives the ogre into carrying the girls in a sack (chest) back to their home. Gf. Typos 312, 1132. I. 1 he Forbidden Chamber, (a) Two sisters, one after the other, fall into an ogre's power, and are taken into a subterranean castle, (b) 'Filey are forbidden entrance into one room or (b1) to see souls in torment or (b2) to eat a human bone, (c) 'They disobey and an egg or key becomes blood\'. II. Punishment. The ogre kills them for disobedience. III. Rescue by youngest suster. (a) The youngest sister finds the bodies

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and (b) resuscitates them by putting their members together or (c) otherwise, and hides them. VI. Carrying the Sacks. (a) The girls are put into sacks and the ogre is persuaded to carry the sacks hom(c without looking into them. V. Disguise as Bird, (a) The youngest sister leaves a skull dressed as a bride to deceive the ogre, (b) She smears herself with honey and feathers and escapes as a strange bird. VI. Punishment of the Murder er. Motifs: I. G400. Person falls into ogre’s power. R 11.1. Princess (maiden) abducted by monster (ogre). G81. Unwitting marriage to cannibal. T721.5. Subterranean castle. C611. Forbidden chamber. Person allowed to enter all chambers except one. C311.1.1. Tabu: looking at ghosts. C227. Tabu: eating human flesh. C913. Bloody key as sign of disobe­ dience. II. G920. Death for breaking tabu. III. R 157.1. Youngest sister rescues cider. G551.2. Rescue of sister from ogre by another sister. E30. Resuscitation by arrangement of members. E0. Resuscitation. IV. G501. Stupid ogre. G561. Ogre tricked into carrying his prisoners home in bag on his own back. V. K525. Escape by use of substituted object. K521.1. Escape by dressing in animal (bird, human) skin. VI. Q211. Murder punished. *BP I 398 (Grimm Nos. 46, 66), III 483; **Christiansen in Thompson Festschrift 24ff.; *Anderson Novelline No. 80; *Lo Nigro 30; Coffin 8. — Finnish 55; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 28; Livonian 6; Lithuanian 19; Lappish 1; Swedish I f Goteborg 5, Lund 3, Liungman 1, misc. 2); Norwegian 54, Solheim 3; Danish 37, (Christiansen 1. c. 38 n. 14: Ice­ landic 11; Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 31a; Irish 44. Beal IV 396; Basque 1; French 2; Spanish 4; Catalan: Amades Nos. 72, 125, cf. 31, 162; German 36 (Ranke 33, Meckl. No. 38, 39, 40); Austrian: Haiding Nos. 22, 459ff.; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 24 (Pentamerone I No. 5, Fruili 2, Tuscan 311 a—d, 955 a, f, h, p, q, [863] 10, Sicilian I f Gonzenbach Nos. 22, 23); Rumanian f (365*) 5; Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 80ff. 10; Slovenian 14; Serbocroatian 8; Polish 18; Russian: Andrejev 6'; Greek 18, Hahn No. 19; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 152 III, 157 III, cf. 157 36. — Franco-American 18; English-American 1; Spanish-American: Rael No. 157 (U.S.), Hansen (Dominican Re­ public) 2, (311*B) (Cuba) f (Puerto Rico) 2, (311**C) (Puerto Rico) West Indies (Negro) 8, Beckwith MAFLS XVII 150, 284. 311 A* Escape in Glass Gourd. Two sisters murdered by Bluebeard. Third escapes on glass gourd to island where she marries prince. Bluebeard comes and attempts to kill her but touches gourd which makes noise so that he is caught. Polish (322*) 5.

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The Typos of (lu* Folktale

103

31 IB* The Singing Bag. Girl put in bag and made to sing. »Singing bag» exhibited. Gomes to girl’s home. Voice recognized. Dog or cat substituted in bag. Man scratched or bitten. [K.526]. Spanish 3; Espinosa II 233ff.; Catalan: Amades No. 381. Spanish-American: Hansen (3 li* B ) (Cuba) 7, (Puerto Rico) 7, (311**C) (Puerto Rico) 2.

312

The Giant-killer and his Dog (Bluebeard). The brother rescues his sisters. See analysis of Type 311 (I a, b, c; II; III a) for introduction. The youngest sister threatened with death for disobedience asks respite for prayer. Her brother with the aid of animals kills the ogre (cf. Type 300) and rescues his sisters. Motifs: For introductory motifs, see Type 311. S62.1. Bluebeard. K551. Respite from death granted until prayer is finished. G551.1. Rescue of sister from ogre by brother. G652. Rescue from ogre by helpful animals. *BP I 400ff. (Grimm Nos. 46, 66) *Anderson in Tauscher Volksmarchen 170. — Finnish 7; Finnish-Swedish 3 (955*); Livonian 7 (964); Lithuanian (*454) 13; Lappish (55*) 7; Swedish 9 (Uppsala 7, Goteborg 2, Liungman 3, misc. 3); Norwegian 8, Solheim 7; Danish 8; Irish 26, Beal II 22If. No. 3, 346f. No. 3; Basque 3; French A 28, B 3; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 1968; Dutch 2; Flemish (955*) 3; German 24; Austrian: Haiding No. 55; Hungarian 4; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 7; Polish 7 (312A) 7; Wend: Ncdo No. 27; Greek 1, Hahn No. 19; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 157 III. — Franco-American 18, Antilles 4; English-American: Baughman 4; Spanish-American: Hansen (Domi­ nican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 7; West Indies (Negro) 39. — Afri­ can 2. 312A The Brother Rescues His Sister from the Tiger. I. A Man Promises his Daughter to a Tiger, (a) Rash vow spoken in anger, (b) Tiger carries load of wood for man in forest and demands his daughter in payment, (c) Tiger comes in guise of man and marries girl. Or (d) Tiger threatens the man. II. The Tiger Eats the Girl and demands her sister, whom he also eats. III. Killing the Tiger, (a) The brother follows the third girl and (b) kills the tiger, (c) The girl herself kills the tiger, or (d) The girl escapes and the tiger is lured back to town and killed. Slovenian; Serbocroatian 3; India 10. 312B 7 wo Sisters Carried off by a Diabolic Being and condemned to perish, arc rescued through the intervention of divine beings. French: Dclarue p. 182, 3. 312G DeviVs Bride Rescued by Brother. Frequently with his dogs. Cf. Type 452*. Spanish (340*A) 7; Spanish-American: Hansen (340*A—340*H) (Puerto Rico) 3, (Dominican Republic) 3, (Cuba) 2. 312D Brother Saves his Sister and Brothers from the Dragon. The sister has been carried off by the dragon (raven, etc.). The elder brothers look for her

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and perish; the youngest saves his sister and revives his brothers. Cf. Type 550. *BP 111 429ff. No. 197; Russian: Afanasiev (*312) 10. 313, 314 The Magic Flight. From the ogre’s house. The fugitives throw magic: objects behind them which become mountains, wood, or sea; or the)' change themselves into various animals or objects. **Aarne Die magische Fluchi (FFC XGII). — Catalan: Amades No. 43. 313

The Girl as Flelper in the Hero's Flight. I. Hero Comes into Ogre's Power, (a) A boy promises himself to an ogre in settlement of a gambling debt, or (b) he sees girls (transformed swans) bathing in a lake and steals the swan coat of one of them; she agrees to marry him and takes him to her father’s house (cf. Types 400, 465A ); — or (c) the hero pursues a bird to the ogre’s house; — or (d) after war of birds and quadrupeds (Type 222) a wounded eagle is cared for by a man. Eagle (eagle’s sister, father) gives man box not to be opened until he arrives at home. Man disobeys and castle appears. Man must get help of ogre to close box and must promise ogre his unborn son (Type 537). II. The Ogre's Tasks, (a) The ogre forbids the hero to enter one certain chamber; — or (b) the ogre assigns the hero impossible tasks, e.g., planting a vineyard, cleaning a stable, washing black yarn white, cutting down a forest, catching a magic horse, sorting grains, etc., which arc (c.) performed with the magic help of the ogre’s daughter, (d) He must choose his wife from her sisters who look magically like her; by means of a missing finger (lost in the process of killing and resusci­ tating her) the hero chooses correctly. I ll The Flight, (a) In preparation for the flight they leave behind them magic, speaking objects, (b) In their flight they transform them­ selves into various persons and things to deceive the ogre; e.g., rose and thornbush, church and priest, etc., or (c) they throw behind them magic objects (comb, stone, flint) which become obstacles (forest, mountain, fire) in the path of the pursuer, and (cl) escape over a magic bridge which folds up behind them. IV. The Forgotten Fiancee. The hero forgets his bride when, against her warning, he kisses his mother (or his dog) or tastes food on his visit home. V. Waking from Magic Forgetfulness, (a) The bride buys a place for three nights in the bridal bed from her husband’s new bride: not till the third night does he wake, — or (b) the girl attracts attention to her­ self by magically placing three lovers in embarrassing positions, (c) by magically stopping the wedding carriage, (d) by a conversation between herself and objects or animals, (e) by the conversation of two magic birds displayed at the wedding, (f) by transformation or (g) otherwise. VI. The Old Bride Chosen. Between the new and the old bride the

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T he T ypes o f the Folktale

105

choice, is made according to the adage about the old key that has been found again. Motifs: I. S22.3. Youth sells himself to an ogre in settlement of a gambling debt. G461. Youth promised to ogre visits ogre’s home. D361.1. Swan Maiden. A swan transforms herself at will into a maiden. She resumes her swan form by putting on her swan coat. D531. Transformation by putting on skin (feathers). D721. Disenchantment by removing skin (covering). B653.9. Marriage to swan maiden. K1335. Seduction (or wooing) by stealing clothes of bathing girl. G402.1. Pursuit of bird leads to ogre’s house. S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save him­ self from danger or death. C915.1. Troubles escape when forbidden casket is opened. II. G611. Forbidden chamber. Person allowed to enter all chambers of house except one. G465. Ogre sets impossible tasks. H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. H I010. Impossible tasks. HI 103. Task: setting out vineyard in one night. HI 102. Task: cleaning Augean stable. Stable has not been cleaned in years. Must be done in one night. River turned through it. H1023.6. Task: washingblack wool white. 141095. Task: felling a forest in one night. 141154.8. Task: capturing magic horse. H1091. Task: sorting a large amount of grain (beads, beans, peas) in one night. H I097. Task: draining seacovered land in one night. HI 11 3. Task: bailing out a pond. I ll 101. Task: removing mountain (mound) in one night. HI 104. Task: building castle in one night. H335.0.1. Bride helps suitor perform his tasks. H161. Recognition of transformed person among identical companions. Pre­ arranged signals. E33. Resuscitation with missing member. In re­ assembling the members, one has been inadvertantly omitted. The re­ suscitated person or animal lacks this member. H57.0.1. Recognition of resuscitated person by missing member. III. (1550. Rescue from ogre. D1611. Magic object answers for fugitive. Left behind to impersonate fugitive and delay pursuit. (D1611.5. Spittle; D1611.fi. Blood-drops; 331611.14. Magic apple, etc.). D671. Transformation flight. Fugitives transform themselves in order to escape detection by pursuer. D672. Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects be­ hind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path. D1258.1. Birdge made by magic. D 1642.1. Self-folding bridge prevents pursuit. IV. 1)2003. Forgotten fiancee. Young husband visiting his home breaks tabu and forgets his wife. Later she succeeds in reawakening his memory. D2004.2. Kiss of forgetfulness. D2004.2.1. Dog’s licking of man produces forgetfulness. G234. Tabu: eating while on visit home. D2004.3. Forgetfulness by eating. D2006.1.4. Forgotten fiancee buys place in husband’s bed and reawakens his memory. D 1978.4. Hero wakened from magic sleep by wife who has purchased place in his bed from false bride.

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Stith Thom pson

FFG 184

V. D1971. Three-fold magic sleep. Husband (lover) put to sleep by false bride. Only on the third night (the last chance) he wakes. D2006.1.1. Forgotten fiancee reawakens husband’s memory by de­ taining lovers through magic. H151.1. Attention drawn by magic objects: recognition follows. D 1649.1.2. Magic birds keep falling off perch. D2006.1.2. Forgotten fiancee reawakens husband’s memory by serving as milk-maid and talking to calf. D2006.1.5. Forgotten fiancee attracts attention by magically (stopping wedding carriage of new bride. H I3. Recognition by overheard conversation (usually with animal or objects). Person not daring to reveal self directly thus attracts attention and recognition. D2006.1.3. Forgotten fiancee reawakens husband’s memory by having magic doves converse. VI. The old and the new keys. **Aarnc FFC XCII 102ff.1; **Grace Knapp »The Motifs of the Jason and Medea Myth in Modern Tradition (a study of Marchentypus 313)» Abstracts of Dissertations, Stanford University VIII 59--67; *BP I 442, II 516ff.; Coffin 20; Christiansen »A Gaelic Fairytale in Norway» Beal I 107ff.; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 142 n. 1; *Liungman SSF III 77. — Lithuanian 37; Swedish 7 (Uppsala 2, Lund 5); Norwegian 48, Solheim 3; Scottish 4; Irish 515, Beal II 10ff., I ll 31—35, V 11 If. No. 3, VII 197f. No. 9, V III 214—222, IX 106, XI Supp. 25, XX 130ff.; French 85; Basque^; Spanish 13; Catalan (313 I I I ) : Amades cf. Nos. 104, 1231; Dutch 3; Walloon 7, *313D 1; German 4 (Henssen Volk No. 125, Meckl Nos. 41,42, 43); Austrian: Haiding No. 11; Hungarian 53; Czech: Tille (Soupis I 246f.) 4; Slovenian 17; Serbocroatian 5; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 37, Afanasiev 74: Greek: Loukatos Nos. 5, 9; India 6; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 80f. No. 46, Graham No. 413 p. 279, (313 I b, II b c). — Franco-Amcrican 79, French Antilles 22; English-Ainerican: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 144, 145, 147—152, 157 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 39. —- African 3. — Other: French Mauritius (Delaruc) /. Three forms of the type follow: 313A The Girl as He Iper of the hero on his flight. The youth has been promised to the devil. See analysis: 1; II b, c, (d); III. *BP I 442 (Grimm Nos. 51, 79). — Finnish 101; Finnish-Swcdish 7, (cf. also 463*) 7; Estonian 35; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 44; Lappish 3; Swedish (Uppsala) 8; Danish 82, Grundtvig No. 28; Irish: Christiansen Beal. Ill 355; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 49, 69, 120, 155; Flemish 4> (cf. also 463*) 4; German 67; Italian 10 (Tuscan 313 d, [301], [302] c, [889], [901], [903], [915] 7, Sicilian 3, Gonzenbach No. 53); Rumanian 26) Sainenu 376; Hungarian 12; Czech: Tille Soupis I 219 77; Slovenian 10; Serbocroatian 26; Istrian No. 5; Polish 15; Rus­ sian: Azadowsky Russkaya Skazka Nos. 19, 36; Greek 29, Hahn No. 1; 1 N ot all annotators or archivists have used the divisions of tin- tale suggested below, but have made references simply to Type 313.

FFC1 1HI

T he Types of the Folktale

107

Turkish: FLerhard-Boratav Nos. 84, 87, 98, 102 III, 104 IV, 212 III 9. ---- Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (Cuba) 2, (Dominican Republic) 4, (Puerto Rico) 2, (Venezuela) 7, (Uruguay) 7, (313*E) (Cuba) 7; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 153; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 34ff. 313B The same, introduced by The Forbidden Box in which a magic castle is hidden. (This introduction is Type 222, War of Birds and Quadrupeds + Type 537, The Marvelous Eagle Gives the Hero a Box which he must not Open.) See analysis 1 d; II; III; IV. I. Levin (Leningrad) has a studv in preparation. — **Haavio Dev Etanamythos in Finnland (EEC CLI.V); *BP II 516ff. (Grimm Nos. 56, 113, 186, 193); Anderson EEC XLII 165; Anderson Archives Suisses des Traditions Populaires XLV 224. — Finnish 3; Estonian 7; Livonian 2; Lithuanian (320) 22; Scottish: Campbell I p. 25; Irish; French 7; Flemish 3; Czech: Tille EEC XXXIV 143; Serbocroatian 2; Russian: Afanasiev (222*B) 19. — Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 142; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 347ff. 313C The same, followed by the episode of The Forgotten Fiancee. Sec analysis: I; II; III; IV; V; VI. *BP II 51 Off. (Grimm Nos. 56, 113, 186, 193). — Finnish 3; FinnishSwedish 6; Estonian 3; Lithuanian 33; Lappish 4; Swedish (Uppsala) 2; Danish: Grundtvig No. 27; Icelandic 5; Catalan: Amades Nos. 5, 165, 175, cf. 120; Walloon (*313D) 1; Flemish 1; Italian 16 (Pentamcrone II No. 7, III No, 9, Tuscan 313 a—c., [302] a, b, [874], [882] 7, Sicilian 8, Gonzcnbach Nos. 13, 14, 55); Hungarian 11; Czech: Tille Soupis I 241 7; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 1; Greek 77, llahn No. 54; 'Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 249. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 3, (Dominican Republic) 7, (313*D) 1; Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 135, *281. 313*

The Hero Goes to the Land of the Immortals [FI 16]. Flees with a maiden. Fight with the immortals. Lappish 1. 313** A Princess is Promised to the Sea Giant. The hero conquers the three giants [R112]. Lappish 7.

313*** A Youth has Been Promised to an Ogre. He visits the ogre’s home [G461]. Three sisters and the north wind help him back to the princess. Lappish 7. 313D* Magic Flight and Transformation to Bird. Girl having escaped from ogress by leaving speaking objects and by magic flight (cf. Type. 313 111), is transformed to a bird. Disenchanted by king who, an old wom an’s counsel, throws handkerchief over bird [D 777.1]. Marriage to king. Polish 4. 313E* Girl Flees from Brother who Wants to Marry her (cf. Type 510B) and arrives in lower world at house of sorceress. She and sorceress's daughter who resembles her escape by magic flight. Girls change into birds but are disenchanted by fright

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when the brother appears about to kill himself. Marriage of brother and sor­ ceress’s daughter. Lithuanian (*314A) 9; Polish (317A) .9; Russian: Afanasiev (*722) 7. 313F* Escape by Help of Sheep who answer for her and by magic flight. Polish (323*) 1. 313G* Three Brothers Search for Stolen Cow. Cow fellow s when they call her and find her in a giant’s cave. First two brothers killed. While giant sleeps youngest brother leaves behind magic owl which answers for him. Magic flight with help of cow’s hair. Cf. Type 5 1 1A, The Little Red Ox. Icelandic (313*) 4. 313H* Flight from the Witch. Children escape from a witch or sorceress, throwing behind themselves a brush, pebbles, towel, etc., transforming themselves into a forest, mountains, or river. *BP II No. 79; Russian: Afanasiev (*313 I) 23. 313J* The Sorceress and the Sunshine Fairy (sister). The prince, fleeing from the sorceress, runs to the Sunshine Fairy. The sorceress pursues him, but Oakborer and the Mountainborer and others save him. (Cf. Type 513 III.) He remains with the Sunshine Fairy. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (343*) 1; Russian: Afanasciv (313 II*) 2.

314

The Youth Transformed to a Horse. (G old en er). T h e horse as helper on the flig h t (cf. T yp es 5 3 0 — 53 3 ). U su a lly : the g old cn h aired you th at a k in g ’s court. (Cf. T y p e 502 for a closely related tale.) I. In the D evil's Service, (a) A b oy, sold to the d evil in return for his services as godfather or (b) for pay, (c) goes at the tim e agreed to the d e v il’s castle; — or (d) a bov is servant in the d ev il’s house. I I . Forbidden Chamber, (a) T h e b oy breaks the p roh ib ition against enter­ in g a certain ch am b er an d as a mark o f d isob ed ien ce his hair turns to gold. I I I . M agic Horse, (a) T h e b oy is co m m a n d ed to care for certain horses and to abuse others. T h e abused horse is an en ch a n ted prince. IV . Obstacle Flight, (a) T h e hero flees on the m agic horse, and as the d evil approaches he throw s m agic objects behind him (stone, com b , flin t, e tc .), w h ich b ecom e obstacles in the pursuer's path (m ou n tain , forest, fire, etc. - Cf. T y p e 313, III c). V . Gardener Disguise, (a) T h e h em covers his gold hair w ith a cap or clo th , (b) saying that lie has the seald h ead , and takes service in the k in g ’s court as gardener, (e) T h e princess falls in love w ith him . (d) T h ey m arry and are put in a pigsty to live. V I . Conquests, (a) W ith the m agic horse's help, (b) he w ins a to u rn a ­ m en t for three days in succession, but rem ains unknow n until after the third, or (c) show s his prow ess in battle, as a dragon-slayer (cf. T y p e 3 0 0 ), or as a bringer o f a m agic rem edy for th e king (cf. T y p e 5 5 1 ). (d) H e brands his h au gh ty broth ers-in -law and puts them to sham e. V I I . Disenchantment. T h e m agic horse is disen ch an ted . - - A d apted from BP. M o tifs : I. S240. C hildren u n w ittin g ly prom ised (sold). S 2 1 1. C hild sold (prom ised) to d evil (ogre). S224. C hild prom ised to devil for a ctin g as

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godfather. (4461. Youth promised to ogre visits ogre\s home. G462. Person as servant in ogre’s house. II. G611. Forbidden chamber. Person allowed lo enter all chambers of house except one. G912. Hair turns to gold as punishment in forbidden chamber. III. 13316. Abused and pampered horses. Hero is ordered by ogre to feed and care for certain horse and lo neglect other horse. Hero dis­ obeys and feeds neglected horse. Latter is enchanted prince and helps hero. D 131. Transformation: man to horse. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. 13184.1. Magic horse. IV. G550. Rescue from ogre. 11184.1.6. Flight on magic horse. D672. Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path. D1258.1. Bridge made by magic. V. K1816.0.3. Menial disguise of princess’s lover. K 1816.1. Gardener disguise. H75.4. Recognition by golden hair. T91.6.4. Princess falls in love with lowly boy. T55.1. Princess declares her love for lowly hero. T31.1. Lovers’ meeting: hero in service of lady’s father. L I32. Pig-sty abode for unpromising hero (heroine). LI 13.1.0.1. Heroine endures hardships with menial husband. VI. B184.1. Magic horse. B401. Helpful horse. D1868.1. Broken down nag becomes magnificent riding horse. HI 561.1. Test of valor: tourna­ ment. R222. Unknown knight : (the three-days’ tournament). H56. Re­ cognition by wound. H51. Recognition by scar. H55. Recognition through branding. H55.1. Recognition through branding with hoofmarks. HI 01. Identification by broken weapon. Point of weapon broken off. Later found to match rest of weapon. VII. Disenchantment by decapitation. * *Aarnc Die ma^ischc Flucht FFC XGII 94ff.; *BP III 94ff. (Grimm No. 136): incidents A 3 B 2 GDEF); *Ranke Schleswig-Holsleinisehe Volksmdrehen I 169; Coffin 4; *Liungman SSF III 81. 429. — Finnish 115; Finnish-Swcdish 18; Estonian 40; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 37; Lappish 1; Swedish 3 (Uppsala 2, Lund 7); Norwegian 10, Solheim 1; Danish 67, Grundtvig Nos. 8A, 28; Irish 21, Beal II 268ff., IV 300ff., XIX 55ff.; French 34; Basque 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 20, 40, 46, cf. 120; Dutch 1; Flemish 7; German 110 (Merk. p. 109, Ranke 81, Meckl. No. 43, 44); Austrian: Haiding Nos. 1, 23, 43; Italian 11 (Pentamerone cf. I ll No. 1, Tuscan [309], [896] 2, Sicilian 8, Gonzenbach Nos. 26, 61, 64, 67); Hungarian 35, Degli No. 2; Czech: FFC XXXIV 32ff. 14, 54ff. 3; Slovenian 5; Serboeroalian 8; Polish 29; Russian: Andrejev 2; Greek 12, Hahn Nos. 45, 68, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 49 6; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 158 4; India 12; Indonesian: DeVries No. 145. — Franco-American 58; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 164, 176, 211,230— 232, 235, 236, 238, 239, Hansen (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 6; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 164 n. 1:

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West Indies (Negro) 1; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 347ff. — African 4. 314A The Shepherd and the Three Giants. He overcomes three giants, gets three horses at their castles and with these wins a tournament three times, defeats three, ogres or helps the king thrice in battle. Motifs: LI 13.1.4. Shepherd as "hero. G500. Ogre defeated. Z71.1. Formulistic number: three. 13184.1. ^lagic horse. B401. Helpful horse. R222. Unknown knight (Three days’ tournament). *Ranke Schleswig-Idolstcinischc Volksmdrchen I 175; *BP III 113 n. 4. — Lithuanian (*530A) 9; French (317) 9; Basque (Delarue 317) 2; Ger­ man: Ranke 26; French Canadian (Delarue 317) 3; Slovenian. 314* The Ogre's Wife's Child. The little hero pretends to be the child of the ogre's wife [GCl'O]. Steals a jewel [K347]. The magic flight [D670]. Lappish L 314** The Magic Flight of the Youth from the giant's house [D670]. Lappish 1. 314A* The Bullock-savior. A bullock helps children escape from their kidnapper (bear, witch). Of. Type 327. Russian: Afanasiev (*314 I) 16. 314B* The Magic Flight with the Help of a Kid. The kid saves the girl promised to the devil. [D674]. Lithuanian (31413*) 15. 315

The Faithless Sister. The children promised to the water-spirit. The maiden wife of the water-spirit (devil). At his advice she feigns sickness and sends her brother for a remedy (or the like) [K2212.0.2]. Im­ prisoned animals break loose and save the boy. See analysis under 'Type 590. Frequent as introduction to Type 300. See Ranke Schleswig-1lolsteinische Volksmdrchen 185; *Delarue p. 268. — Finnish 89; Finnish-Swcdish 4; Estonian 20; Lithuanian 62; Lappish 1; Danish 2; Irish 36; French 8; Spanish: Espinosa Cuentos II 18; Catalan: Amades No. 158; Dutch 1; Flemish 1; German: Ranke 3; Italian 2 (Tuscan [300f | 1, Sicilian 1); Rumanian 7, (315A) 22, Sainenu 642; Hungarian 12; Czech: Tillc Soupis I 320 -331 10, cf. II (1) 252— 260, FFC XXXIV 17 4; Slovenian 6; Serbocroalian 5; Polish 10; Russian: Azadowsky Russkaya Skarfa No. 19, Andrejcv Ukraine (No. 315A) 22, Afanasiev (315A) 46; Greek 48; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 149 (cf. 148) 3; India 8. - - Franco-American 7; Spanish-American: Racl No. 247 (U.S.), Ilanscn (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 3% (Puerto Rico) 3; West Indies (Negro) 1.

315A The Cannibal Sister. I. A Princess Becomes a Cannibalistic Ogress and devours the animals, then the people at the court, and finally all the inhabitants of the city [G30, G346]. Her brother alone escapes. II. The Captive Brother, (a) The brother returns to the city and is captured by his sister, (b) He gains a respite by sending her to sharpen

l‘T C 184

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Ill

her teeth or the like [K550]. (c) A helpful animal takes his place or wains him [B521]. III. Magic Flight. He flees, throwing behind magic obstacles. IV. Escape on the Tree, (a) He climbs a tree but the sister gnaws it down. He escapes to another tree [R251]. (b) He calls his dogs who have been imprisoned. They break loose and kill the sister. [B524.1.2]. India 5. 316 The Nix of the Mill-pond. The youth promised to the nix is pulled into the water by her. I. Promise to the Water-Nix. A boy is unwittingly promised to a waternix. II. Grateful Animals. A youth receives from grateful animals the power of transforming himself into their shapes. III. Rescuefrom the Water-Nix. He falls into the power of the water-nix but is rescued (a) by his wife who received advice from an old woman and (b) through his power to transform himself. IV. Recognition. After many years recognition is brought about, and lie is united to his wife. Motifs: I. S240. Children unwittingly promised. F420.1.2. Water-spirit as woman (water-nymph, water-nix). II. B500. Magic power from animals. III. F420.5.2.2. Water-spirits kidnap mortals and keep them under water. R152. Wife rescues husband. N825.3. Old woman helper. H923.1. Task assigned before wife may rescue husband from supernatural power. D642.2. Transformation to escape death. D659.2. Transformation to animals to fight. IV. HO. Recognition: identity tests. N730. Accidental reunion of families. *BP III 322 (Grimm No. 181). — Lappish 3; Norwegian 1; Danish 1: Scottish 2; Irish 140, Beal XI Suppl. 35ff., VII 47ff., 51ft., IX 66f. No. 7; French 4; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades No. 17; German: Ranke 10; Polish 1; Russian'.Andrejev; Greek 11. — Franco-American 7, FrenchAntilles 1; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 16, 251 (U.S.), Hansen (Do­ minican Republic) 1; West Indies (Negro) 2, (Jamaica): Beckwith MAFLS XVII 147, 283. 317 The Stretching Tree. A youth ( limbs on a magic stretching tree into the upper world [F54]. There he rescues a princess from an ogre. Cf. Type 328A. *K6hlcr-Bolle I 4371.; *Solymossy »Elcmcnts Orienlaux dans les Contes Populates Ilongroises,» Revue des Etudes Hongroiscs VI (1928) 16f. — German Archive (317*) 2; Hungarian: Bcrze Nagy (530 I*) 17; Scrbocroatian 2. 317A* Peasant Girl Seeks Prince. A prince disappears. Reward offered for rescue (some­ times half a kingdom [QJ12] and marriage with prince). A peasant, girl goes on

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the quest. On the way she receives magic objects and help because ofhclpfulncss [D817] — magic ship, etc. Finds prince asleep on bed but cannot waken him. She hides. A giantess comes and wakens him with formula [D 1978]. Woos him but he refuses. She puts him back to sleep. Girl wakens him and they plan. Next night he promises to marry giantess but she must tell him her secrets: magic flying cloak [D 1053], magic runes, life-egg. sword, etc. The lovers make a magicalarm but flee on cloak. Kill giantess by (a) life-egg [E711.1], or (b) reading runes, or magic flight on magic boat. — Forgotten fiancee [D2003]. — Recogni­ tion. Icelandic (317* 1) 7, (317* II) 1.

318

The Faithless Wife. Batu: the Egyptian »Two Brothers)) Tale. Plots with paramour against life of her husband. Gf. Types 303, 315, 590, 590A. I. Rescue of a Princess from a Dragon. [R111.1.3]. II. Treacherous Wife. The hero marries the princess, but she falls in love with another man [T232]. She deceives her husband into giving up his magic weapons and plots against his life [K2213]. III. Transformations. A magician, or the hero’s brother who has been warned by a life-token [E761] (cf. Type 303), teaches the hero how to take the form of a horse, a tree, a duck. The wife always recognizes him and orders the horse to be killed, the tree to be cut down, etc. [DGlOff.]. IV. Vengeance. Through the help of a servant girl, the husband regains the magic weapons, avenges himself on his wife and her lover and marries the servant girl. **Liungman SSF III 69, 102f., Sagan om Bata och Anuhis och den orientalisk-europeiska undersagans urspring, Djursholm, 1946 (-- Backahaslen I lOlff., II 66ff., 128ff.j; **Von Svdow Den fornegyptiska Sagan om cle tvd Brbderna (Yearbook of the New Society of Letters of Lund, 1930) pp. 53ff.; *Ranke FFC CXIV 187. - Finnish 2; Lithuanian (315B*) 37; Swedish (GS 367) 5; Danish: Kristensen Jyskc Folkeminder XII 23 No. 3; German: Plcnzat p. 25, *llenssen Jul. No. 443; French: Luzcl Contes populaires dc Basse Bretagne III 262 No. 6; Rumanian (315B*)' 3; Hungarian: Berze Nagy 568* 14; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 293fl; Slovenian 1; Polish (568) 7; Russian: Afanasiev (315B*) 18; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 221 1. - ■Franco-American (Missouri): Carriere 177 No. 36. — laterary Treatment: Ancient Egyptian: ))The Two Brothers)).

319A* Magic Flare Changes into a Hawk. Shoots a forester and escapes the chase. Polish (319) 2. 319B* Three Wanderes each Kill a Dragon at Tight. They disagree and part, company. Polish (320)

321

Eyes Recoveredfrom Witch. A boy takes service with a blind couple. Warned not to let goats (sheep) wander beyond certain point, he docs so and there defeats the witch who has stolen the blind couple’s eyes. He re­ stores the eyes. [D2161.3.1.1]. *K6hler-Boltc I 432ff.; *Cosquin Lorraine II 89—97; *Dclaruc I 275. — French (317’) 9; Basque 2; French Canadian 3; Rumanian: Schott Walachischc Mcirclien p. 851T.; Hungarian (321*) 9; Czech: Tille

i* i x :

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Soupis I 83 - 87 6; Serbocroatian 4; Armenian: YVlislocki Marchen und Sagcn dn Bukovinaer und Siebcnbiirger Armenier No. 52.

321* The Bewitched Palace. Mother of three

322*

325

8

girls murders suitors; king in armor escapes death and bewitches palace so that it collapses. Attempted rescue fails, because rescuer does not endure certain tortures. Polish (321) 2. Magnetic Mountain Pulls Everything to it [F754]. Rescue by help of Giant bird. Princess won. *Chauvin V 202 No. 117, VII 06 No. 373 n. 1. — Hungarian: Honti (320) 2, Berze Nagy (728*) 4.

The Magician and his Pupil. The father put to a test recognizes his son. The son as horse, ring, etc. rescues himself from the power of his master. I. Learning Magic, (a) A father gives his son to a magician to teach, (b) but must be able to recognize him in his animal form at the end of a year. II. Magic Flight. The hero learns magic secretly and flees (a) in various forms or by means of magic obstacles. III. Trick Sale of Son. (a) He has his father sell him as dog, ox, horse, (b) At last, he is sold to the magician to whom the father, contrary to instructions, also gives the bridle. IV. (a) The boy succeeds in stripping off the bridle and (b) conquers the magician in a transformation combat (to hare, fish, bird, etc.) (c) Usually it happens that, the prince has flown to a princess in the form of a bird and is hidden by her in the guise of a ring; the magician as phy­ sician of the sick king asks for the ring. As the princess throws the ring, a great number of grains of corn fall on the ground. When the magician as cock is about to eat the corn the youth becomes a fox and bites off the cock’s head. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. D1711.0.1. Magician’s apprentice. S212. Child sold to magician. D1721. Magic power from magician. H62.1. Recognition of person transformed to animal. H161. Recognition of transformed person among identical companions. Prearranged signals. II. 1)671. Transformation flight. Fugitives transform themselves in order to escape detection by pursuer, 13672. Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path. III. D612. Protean sale: man sells youth in successive transformations. K252. Selling oneself and escaping. 1)100. Transformation: man to animal. C837. Tabu: loosing bridle in selling man transformed to horse. Disenchantment follows. D722. Disenchantment by taking off bridle. Man transformed to horse (ass) thus released. IV. D615.2. Transformation contest between master and pupil. D610. Repeated transformation. Transformation into one form after another. D641.1. Lover as bird visits mistress. L142.2. Pupil surpasses magician.

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**Gosquin Etudes 502ff.; *BP II 60 (Grimm No. 68); Coffin 3. — Finnish 35; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 30; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 72; Lappish 1; Norwegian 4, Solheim 1; Danish 46, Grundtvig No. 56; Ice­ landic 3; Scottish 2, Campbell-McKay No. 16; Irish 189, Beal VII 197f. No. 4, VIII 31X1, IX 92ff.; French 4; Spanish 3, (cf. 325*A) 1; Dutch 1; Flemish 5; German 45 (Archive 44, Merk. 277); Austrian: Haiding No. 469; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 10 (Tuscan 325 a—d, [870] 5, Sicilian 2); Rumanian 9, Sainenu 376; Hungarian 9, Dfegh No. 3; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 299, Soupis I 132 12; Slovenian 9; Serbocroatian 20; Polish 24, (380*) 1; Russian: Azadowsky Russkaya Skazka No. 18, Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 24; Greek 19, Hahn No. 68, Loukatos No. 2; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 169 36; Albanian: Lambertz 9ff.; Berber: Laoust 103; India 13; Indonesian: DeVries No. 146. — FrancoAmerican 8, French Antilles 2; Spanish-American: Rael No. 259 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 2, (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 1; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 337 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 5, Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 153, *284; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 29. 325*

Apprentice and Ghost. Sorcerer's apprentice having read verse from forbidden book evokes ghost, but cannot make him disappear. When sorcerer reads verse back­ wards, ghost disappears. Polish (337 A*) 2.

325** Sorcerer Punished for evil deeds bv magic means learned from another sorcerer. Polish (342) 20.

326

The Youth Who Wanted to Learn What Fear Is. Various episodes: in the church tower, under the gallows, etc. Cf. Types 1159, 1160. I. Quest: To Meet Fear. A youth who does not know what fear is goes out to find it. II. Experiences. He tries various frightful experiences: (a) playing cards with devil in church; (b) stealing clothes from a ghost; (c) staying at night under a gallows, (cl) in a cemetery, or (e) in a haunted house where a dead man’s members fall down the chimney; (f) vanquishing ghost-like cats; (g) playing ninepins with a reassembled dead man; (h) being shaved by barber-ghost; (i) cutting devil’s finger nails. III. Learning Fear. After his wedding lie learns fear when cold water is thrown on him or eels are put down his back while he is asleep. Motifs: I. H I376.2. Quest: learning what fear is. H1400. Fear test. A person is put to various tests in the attempt to make him show fear. Q82. Re­ ward for fearlessness. II. H1421. Fear test: playing cards with devil in church. E577.2. Dead person plays cards. IT 1431. Fear test: stealing clothes from ghosts. H I415. Fear test: staying under gallows at night. IT1416. Fear test: spending night by grave. IT 1411.1. Fear test: staying- in haunted house where corpse drops piecemeal down chimney. F982.2. Four cats carry

FFG 184

T h e T ypes o f the Folktale

Ilf)

coffin. H 1411.2. Fear test: staying in haunted house infested by cats. E423.1.2. Revcnant: as cat. H I433. Fear test: playing game with re­ assembled dead man. E577.3. Dead persons bowl. H I422. Fear test: cutting devil’s fingernails. E571. Ghostly barber. E281. Ghosts haunt house. E283. Ghosts haunt church. E578. Dead person builds fires. E578.1. Revenants want to warm themselves. III. H I441. Fearless hero frightened by being awakened with cold water. H1441.1. Fearless hero frightened by being awakened by eels put down his back. *See Ranke Schleswig-Holsteinischc Volksmarchen 2Q3 for analysis; **Wisser »Das Marchen von einem der auszog das Furchten zu lernen» (cf. Zs. f. Vksk. XXXIV 177); O ’Suilleabhainn Handbook under cf. 326; Coffin 6. — Finnish 47; Finnish-Swedish 10; Estonian 15; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 37; Swedish 13 (Uppsala 1, Lund 12); Norwegian 22, Solheim 2; Danish 124, Grundtvig No. 11; Icelandic 3; Scottish 8; Irish 495, Beal I 398, IV 228f. No. 2, V 25, VII 50, X 188, XI suppl. 75, XVII 203, XIX 29; French 55; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades No. 95; Dutch 9; Flemish 4, Witteryck (p. 289) 5; German 134 (Archive 128, Merk. 287, Henssen Volk No. 44, Henssen Jiil. No. 454, Meckl. Nos. 45, 47, 48); Austrian: Haiding No. 59; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 17 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 12, Friuli 2, Tuscan 326a—d, 1000 5, Sicilian 6, Gonzenbach No. 57); Rumanian 9, Saincnu 826; Hungarian 23; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 103ff. 20; Slovenian 14; Serbocroatian 21; Polish 53; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine (326 III) 8, Afanasiev (326A) 2; Greek 5, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 78; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 284 6; India 1. — Franco-Amcrican 38; English-Amcrican 5; SpanishAmerican: Rael Nos. 176, 177, 276, 478 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 3, cf. 32G*A (Chile) 1, (Puerto Rico) 1, (326*B) (Puerto Rico) 1; Portuguese-American: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 241; West Indies (Negro) 6; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 85; American Indian: (Zuni): Boas JAFL XXXV 84 No. 5; New Mexico: Espinosa JAFL XXIV 428 No. 10. 326*

The Fearless Boy. The boy escapes from the murderers' house. Lappish 2.

326A* Sold Released from Torment. Poor soldier spends night in haunted house to earn reward offered. He is not afraid of the dragging chains, falling members, etc. He releases soul from punishment by giving its ill-gotten gains to charity. He may keep part of the revealed treasure for himself. Spanish 3268* The Fearless Youth takes up a corpse and frightens some robbers with it [K335.1.1.1]. Cf. Type 16538; he overpowers the evil spirits and frees a princess, marries her. Lithuanian 15; Russian (3268*) 1. 326C* Magician and Dragon. Magician enchants dragon out of the swamp. Is killed with his tail by latter. Rumanian (326 I*) 1.

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326D* Fearless Boy and Witches. Boy goes unfrightened at midnight to place where witches were burned and to a church. Polish (354*) 2.

327

The Children and the Ogre. I. Arrival at Ogre's House, (a) Children are abandoned by poor parents in a wood (b) but they find their way back by cloth shreds or pebbles that they have dropped; (c) the third time birds eat their breadcrumbs, or grain clue and (d) they wander until they come to a gingerbread house which belongs to a witch; or (e) a very small hero (thumbling) and his brothers stay at night at the ogre’s house; or (f) the ogre carries the child home in a sack; (g) the child substitutes a stone in the sack twice but is finally captured. II. The Ogre Deceived. The ogre smells human flesh and has the children imprisoned and fattened, (b) When his finger is to be cut to test his fat­ ness the hero sticks out a bone or piece of wood, (c) The exchange of caps, (d) the ogre’s wife or child burned in his own oven (Type 1121), or (e) the hero by singing induces the ogre to free them, or (f) the hero to be hanged feigns ignorance and has ogre show him how, or (g) hero feigns inability to sleep until ogre brings certain objects and escapes while ogre hunts the object. III. Escape, (a) 7’he children are carried across the water by ducks (or angels), or (b) they throw back magic objects which become obstacles in the ogre’s path, or (c) they transform themselves, or (d) the ogre (ogress) tries to drink the pond empty and bursts, or (e) the ogre is mis­ directed and loses them. Motifs: I. S321. Destitute parents abandon children. S301. Children abandoned (exposed). SI43. Abandonment in forest. R135. Abandoned children (wife, etc.) find way back by clue (breadcrumbs, grain,- pebble, etc.). R135.1. Crumb (grain) trail eaten by birds. F1045. Night spent in tree. Hero goes into tree to spend the night. N776. Light seen from tree lodging place at night leads to adventures. F771.1.10. Gingerbread house. House made of cake. G412.1. Ogre’s gingerbread house lures child. G100. Giant ogre. Polyphemus. G501. Stupid ogre. G10. Can­ nibalism. G401. Children wander into ogre’s house. F535.1. Thumbling. Person the size of a thumb. G441. Ogre carries victim in bag (basket). K526. Captor’s bag filled with animals or objects while captives escape. G422. Ogre imprisons victim. II. G532. Hero hidden and ogre deceived by his wife (daughter) when he smells human blood. G84. Fee-fi-fo-fum. Cannibal returning home smells human flesh and makes exclamation. G82. Cannibal fattens victim. G82.1. Cannibal cuts captive’s finger to test fatness. G82.1.1. Captive sticks out bone instead of finger when cannibal tries to test his fatness. G83. Cannibal sharpens knife to kill captive. G83.1. Ogress whets teeth to kill captive. K 1611. Substituted caps cause ogre to kill

FTC n u ­

T h e Types o f the Folktale

ll?

own children. G526. Ogre deceived by feigned ignorance of hero. Hero must be shown how to get into oven (or the like). Ogre shows him and permits himself to be burnt. G512.3.2. Ogre burned in his own oven. G512.3.2.1. Ogre’s wife (daughter) burned in his own oven. IIJ. K550. Escape by false plea. G555. Rescue from ogre by means of singing. D1612.1. Magic objects betray fugitive. Give alarm when fugi­ tive escapes. D1317.7. Magic bell gives alarm. D671. Transformation flight. Fugitives transform themselves in order to escape detection bypursuer. D672. Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path. K646. Confederate misdirects pursuer. G522. Ogre persuaded to drink pond dry bursts. Finnish1 137; Swedish 21 (Gotcborg 19, Lund 2); Norwegian 1, Solheim (327*) 1; Irish 86; Basque 2; French (327A, 327B) 82, Flemish: Wittcryck p. 291 4; Walloon 1; Austrian: Raiding No. 68; Slovenian 4; Serbocroatian 15; Polish (324*) 2; Indonesian: DeVries Nos. 148, 149. — Franco-American 57, French Antilles 8; English-American: Baugh­ man 1; West Indies (Negro) 37, — African 2. Three forms of the type follow: 327A

H ansel and Greiel. The parents abandon their children in the wood. The gingerbread house. The boy fattened; the witch thrown into the oven. Cf. Type 1121. The children acquire her treasure. See analysis: I a, b, c, d; II a, b, d; III. *Anderson inTauscher Volksmdrchen 175; *Anderson Novelline Nos. 43, 83; *BP I 115 (Grimm No. 15). — Finnish-Swedish 17; Estonian 51; Livonian 4; Lithuanian 12 4 31 (*327D); Lappish 2; Swedish 37 (Upp­ sala 10, Lund 7, Liunginan 12, misc. 8); Norwegian 8, Solheim 3; Danish 35, Grundtvig No. 53; Icelandic 9; Spanish 1; Catalan: Amades Nos. 68, 182, cf. No. 42; Dutch 1; Flemish 5; Walloon (327A, *327G) 2; German 61, Ranke 70; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 33 (Sicilian 7, Gonzenbach No. 2); Rumanian 4; Hungarian 15; Czech: Tillc Soupis I 381 — 393, II (1) 213—217 11; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 3; Polish 29, (327E*) 3; Sorb: Nedo No. 31, cf. No. 28; Russian: Afanasiev 3; Greek 3; India 3; Indonesian: DeVries No. 148. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Chile) 1, (Colombia) 1, (Cuba) 3, (Dominican Republic) 5, (Peru) 4, (Puerto Rico) 11; Portuguese-American (Brazil): Camara Cascudo 89, 232; West Indies (Negro) 3; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 357ff.

327B The Dwarf and the Giant. The dwarf and his brother in the giant’s house. The nightcaps of the children are exchanged. Cf. Types 700, 1119. See analysis: I e; II; IV, *Anderson inTauscher Volksmdrchen 175; *BP I 124 No. 15, 499 No. 56. — Finnish-Swedish 4; Estonian 13; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 6; 1 Not all annotators or archivists have used the divisions of the tale suggested below, but have made references simply to Type 327.

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Lappish 2; Swedish 20 (Uppsala 77, Lund 7, Liungman 2); French: Perrault »Le Petit Poucet»; Catalan: Amades Nos. 21, 32, 38; Flemish 4; German: Ranke 15; Italian 5 (Tuscan [321 bis], [884], cf. 425A f., [304] a 4, Sicilian 7, Gonzenbach No. 83); San Marino: Anderson Novelline No. 44; Rumanian 8; Czech: Tille II (1) 170—173, II (2) 195—209 10, FFC XXXIV 162—169, 172—175, 224; Slovenian 7; Russian: Afanasiev 10, Andrejev Ukraine 11; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 160, 161 III, 288 IV; India 3; Indonesian: DeVries No. 49. — English-American: Baughman 3; Spanish-American: Hansen (Do­ minican Republic) 2, (Puerto Rico) 7, Rael Nos. 333, 495 (U.S.); Portuguese-American (Brazil): Camara Cascudo 237; West Indies (Negro) 2; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 357ff. 327C The Devil {Witch) Carries the Hero Home in a Sack. The wife or daughter are to cook him, but are thrown into the oven themselves. Cf. Type 1121. See analysis: I f; II d. *Ranke Schleswig-Holstcinische Volksmdrchcn 239; *Anderson in Tauscher Volksmdrchen 175; *BP I 115ff.; *Delarue Bulletin Folklorique dTle de France XV 514f. — Finnish-Swedish (327**) 7; Lithuanian (*327C) 61; Swedish 8 [Uppsala 6, Liungman 2); Norwegian (327**) 21; Faroe: Jacobsen Faroske Folkesagn (1899) 227ff.; Icelandic 4; English: Jacobs English Fairy Tales (London 1898) 164 3; Irish (hen and fox); French 7; Catalan: Amades Nos. 54, 124; Dutch 7; Flemish (327**) 5; Walloon (333A) 7; German 6; Italian 9 (Tuscan 8, Friuli 3, Trieste: Pinguentini No. 19; San Marino: Anderson Novelline Nos. 43, 83; Hungarian (162*) 4; Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 4; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 6, Afanasiev 25; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 160 III, IV, 161 29. — English-American: Baughman 7. — African 3. 327D The Kiddelkaddelkar. The children in the ogre’s house arc protected by his wife but discovered. They are to be hanged, but the ogre is persuaded to show them how it is done. He is released only when he promises them a »kiddclkadderlkar» and much treasure. They flee. The ogre is mis­ directed and defeated. See analysis I a - -e, II a, f, III e. *Ranke Schleswig-IIolstcinische Volksmdrchen I 244; Cosquin RTP XXV 1, 65, 126; Penzcr I 157 n. 2, VII 123, 263; Saintyves Perrault 276; German 2; India: *Thompson-Balys (G526); Indonesian: DeVries No. 244; African (Bcnga): Nassau 121 ff. No. 12, (Zanzibar): Bateman 187 No. 9. 327E Abandoned Children Escape from Burning Barn. Return after long time and astonish parents. Irish 2; French Canadian 5. 327F The Witch and the Fisher Boy. Witch has her tongue made thin by a black­ smith so as to change her voice [F556.2. K1832]. She thus entices the fisher boy [G413], *BP I 42 (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian).

FFC 184

The. T yprs of the Folktale

119

327G (formerly 327*) The Boy at the Devil's (Witch's) House. The daughters are to cook him, but are killed by him. The devil is then killed. With his. corpse the robbers arc frightened from the tree. [G512.3.2.1, K335.1.2.1]. Gf. Type 334. Finnish-Swedish 3. 327* changed to Type 327G. 327** changed to Type 327G. 327*** changed to Type 327*. 327* A Giant Carries off a Girl. He is beheaded by the girl. Lappish 1. 327B* Thumbling as Rescuer. Tlmmbling (born of peppercorn) rescues stolen sister (sisters, brothers). He extorts the secret of the stolen sisters (or the slain brothers) by squeezing breasts under the door sill. Rumanian (327D*) 4. 327D* The Hill-Woman and the Peasants. A peasant couple is robbed continually by a hill-woman. Foolish wife tells hill-woman not to take hens, cow, etc. which are hidden. Hill-woman does. Finally man kills hill-woman from ambush. Gf. Type 1703. Icelandic 1. 328

The Boy Steals the Giant's Treasure. Jack and the Beanstalk. The horse, the light, etc. Finally the giant is killed. Sometimes joined with Type 327. Gf. also Types 531, 1525. I. Expeditions to the Giant, (a) The hero sets out to steal from a giant in order to get revenge for former ill-treatment, or (b) to help a friendly king, or (c) as a task suggested by jealous rivals, or (d) he ascends to sky on magic beanstalk and finds the giant’s house. II. Giant Robbed, (a) By threatening the giant with an approach of an overwhelming army and locking him up to protect him or (b) putting too much salt in the giant’s food, so that he goes outside to get water, or (c.) by fishing through the chimney — (d) he steals from the giant a light, a horse, a violin, etc. (e) He tricks the giant into giving him magic objects; e.g., a cap of knowledge, an invincible sword, a cloak of invisi­ bility, and seven-league boots. III. The Giant Captured, (a) The giant is beguiled into a cage and taken to court, (b) The giant is tricked into killing himself. Motifs: I. G610. Theft from ogre. G610.1. Stealing from ogre for revenge. G610.2. Stealing from ogre to help a friendly king. G610.3. Stealing from ogre as task. HI 151. Theft as task. H911. Tasks assigned at sug­ gestion of jealous rivals. F54.2. Plant grows to sky. L10.1.1. »Thirteen» name of victorious youngest son. II. K335.0.1. Owner frightened from goods by report of approaching enemy. K337. Ovcrsalting food of giant so that he must go outside for water. K316.1. Theft from giant by fishing through chimney. D833. Magic object acquired by tricking giant. Giant persuaded to give the objects to the hero. D1162. Magic light. HI 151.9. Task: stealing troll’s

120

Stith T hom pson

FFC 184

golden horse. D1233. Magic violin. D1300.2. Cap gives inagic wisdom. D 1400.1.4.1. Magic sword conquers enemy. D 1361.12. Magic cloak of invisibility. D 1521.1. Seven-league boots. Boots with miraculous speed. III. G520. Ogre deceived into self-injury. G514.1. Ogre trapped in box (cage). HI 172. Task: bringing an ogre to court. *BP II 511, III 33f.; Kohlcr-Bolte I 305; ^Christiansen Maal og Mimic 1926, p. 188ff., Studio, Septenlrionalia II 69ff. — Finnish 54; FinnishSwedish 10; Estonian 6; Lappish 1; Swedish 11 (Uppsala 5, Lund 6); Norwegian 24> Solheim 4; Danish: Grundtvig No. 52; Icelandic 9; Irish 89, Beal II 10f., I ll 342ff., VII 65, IX 60ff., XVII 206; English ^Baugh­ man (328A) 1; Basque 2; French 12; Spanish (328A*) 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 32, 38, 84; Dutch 5; Walloon 1 (cf. 569A); German: Ranke 5; Italian 13 (Tuscan [317] b, c bis, d—h, [884] 8, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach Nos. 30, 83); Rumanian (461 A*) 4; Hungarian 14; Degh (328 I, No. 4); Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 224, Soupis II (1) 206ff. 3; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 14; Polish 4; Russian /, Andrejev Ukraine 5; Greek 30, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 3; Turkish: EberhardBoratav Nos. 160, 288 IV 11; Albanian: Lambertz 9ff.; India 6. — Franco-Amcrican 5#, French Antilles 1; English-American: Baughman (328A) 6, (328C) 1; Spanisli-Amcrican: Rael Nos. 333, 335, 336 (U.S.), Hansen (328, 328**A, 328**B) (Dominican Republic) 3, (Chile) 1; West Indies (Negro) 8. 328*

A Boy Guards the King's Garden. Steals the one eye of the three giants. [G 121.1, G612]. Lappish 2; Danish 6.

328A* Three Brothers Steal Back the Sun, Moon, and Star which they have carried off from the three dragons. Hungarian (319*) 30. 328B* Theft, of Magic Objects from Monkeys. Obstacle flight. Polish (339*) 1.

329

Hiding from the Devil. A man hides himself three times (in the belly of the fish, etc.). (Sometimes combined with Types 301 or 313.) I. The Task, (a) A princess (devil) assigns her suitors the task of hiding themselves, (b) She has magic windows that give her inagic sight, (c) Unsuccessful suitors have their heads placed on stakes before her palace. II. Youngest Brother Undertakes Task. After his elder brothers have lost their lives the youngest undertakes the task, (b) He receives the help of grateful animals or (c) of an old man. III. Accomplishment. (a) After hiding himself through the animal’s help in a raven’s egg and in the belly of a fish and being discovered, the hero is turned into an insect (or the like) under the princ.ess’ hair; in her anger she breaks her magic window, (b) He is disenchanted and they marry.

\

FFG 184

T lir Types o f the Folktale

121

Motifs: I. 11321. Suitor test: hiding from princess. She has magic sight. D 1323.3. Magic clairvoyant: windows. Twelve, each more powerful than the next. 11901.1. Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task. II. L I3. Compassionate youngest son. D684. Transformation by help­ ful animals. H982. Animals help man perform task. N825.2. Old man helper. III. D641. Transformation to reach difficult place. D700. Disenchant­ ment. L161. Lowly hero marries princess. **Ingrid Hartmann Das Mcerhaschen: eine vcrgleichen.de Mdrchmuntersuchung (Diss. Gottingen), 1953; *Rorich Deutsches Jahrbuch fur Volkskunde II 285f.; *BP III 365 (Grimm No. 191); Carmen Roy La Liticrature orale en Gaspesie 222. — Finnish 5; Lithuanian 1; Danish 4, Grundtvig No. 51; Irish 137, Beal IV 439ff., XI 14ff., XIX 53ff.; French 1; Catalan: Amades No. 46; Rumanian 2. Sainenu 770; Hungarian 3; Serbocroatian 2; Polish (329, 329A*) 2; Russian: Azadowsky Russkaya Skazka Nos. 1, 13; Andrejev Ukraine 2, Afanasiev 23; Greek 4, Hahn No. 59; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 64 4. — Franco-American 13, French Antilles 1; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 258, 261 (U.S.). 329A* Man Gives (Sells) French 2. 330

his Shadow to the Devil. (Gf.

Q552.9 and Type 775.)

The Smith Outwits the Devil. I. Contract with Devil. A smith has made a contract with the devil so that in return for becoming a master-smith he is to belong to the devil after a certain time. II. Receipt of. Magic Objects, (a) The Lord (St. Peter) visits the smith and teaches him how to be more skillful; (b) the smith is granted three wishes: (c) a tree that causes people to stick to it; (d) a bench with the same power, (e) a knapsack that forces persons into it, and (f) a pack of cards with which he will always win. III. Deceiving the Devil, (a) The devil (Death) is made to stick to the bench and the tree and meantime no one can die. (b) He is put into the knapsack and pounded on the anvil by the smith until he gives up his power over him. IV. Expulsion from Hell and Heaven, (a.) The smith goes to hell but is not admitted since the devil has lost power over him; (b) he goes to heaven but is not known there and is refused admittance; (c) he gets his knap­ sack inside and then has it pull him into it, or (d) he defeats the devil at cards; or (e) he throws his cards inside the gate of heaven and is per­ mitted inside to pick them up. - - (f) Explanation of Will-o-the-Wisp (ignus fatuus) or continuance of suffering on earth. Motifs: I. M21 1. Man sells soul to devil.

122

Stith Thom pson

FFG 184

II. K1811. Gods (saints) in disguise visit mortals. QJ15. Reward: any boon that may be asked. J2071. Three foolish wishes. D 1413.1. Tree from which one cannot descend. D1413.4. Stairs to which person sticks. D1413.5. Bench to which person sticks. D1412.1. Magic bag draws person into it. D 1413.9.1. Wallet (sack) from which one cannot escape. N221. Man granted power of winning at cards. III. Z111.2. Death magically bound to tree. While he is bound no one can die. K213. Devil pounded in knapsack until he releases man. IV. Q565. Man admitted to neither heaven nor hell. K2371.1. Heaven entered by a trick. K2371.1.3. Heaven entered by trick: »wishing sack» thrown in. E756.2. Soul won from devil in card game. A2817. Origin of Will-o’-the-Wisp (Jack o’ Lantern). **M. de Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 5Iff. No. 330; *BP II 149ff., 163ff. (Grimm Nos. 81, 82); *Ranke Schleswig-Holsteinische Volksmdrchen I 245; *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 182 n. 1; *Espinosa III 140—150. — Finnish 146; Finnish-Swedish 11; Estonian 54; Swedish (Lund) 12; Nor­ wegian 4; Danish 71, Grundtvig No. 64; Scottish 3; Irish 359, Beal VII 197ff. No. 5, X 160, XI suppl. 45, X V III 114f. No. 7; Basque French 90, Perbosc Contes de Gascogne 256; Spanish 1; Dutch 6: Walloon 2; German 201 (Ranke 200, Henssen Volk No. 26); Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 23; Hungarian 33; Slovenian 40; Serbocroatian 25. — FrancoAmerican 23, French Antilles 3; English-American: McIntosh Midwest Folklore I 51—54; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 274, 285, 294, 296, 297, 300, 301 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 1, (Chile) 2, (Colombia) 1, (Do­ minican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 6; West Indies (Negro) 10. 330A The Smith and the Devil (Death). The Savior and Peter; the three wishes; cf. Type 750. Sticking to the bench, to the apple tree, etc. The smith is admitted neither into heaven nor hell. See analysis: I; II a, b, c, d; III a; IV a, b. Livonian 1; Lithuanian 75; Icelandic 3 (cf. 2); English 1; Spanish 6; Catalan: Amades Nos. 212, cf. 202, 204; Flemish 11, Wittcryck p. 287 14; German: Merk. 242, 265, 287, Henssen Jul. No. 456; Italian 9 (Tuscan [333 b—h] 6, Sicilian 3); Hungarian 6; Czech: 'Lille Soupis 1 590—600 18; Istrian No. 8; Polish 31; Russian 10; Greek 2, Loukatos No. 17; India 1. — English-American 5. 330B The Devil in the Knapsack (Bottle, Cask). The smith hammers on the knap­ sack. The devil flees to an island, whither his adversary comes, or the latter is admitted into neither heaven nor hell. See analysis: II (a), (b), e; III a; IV a, b, (c). — Livonian 2; Lithuanian 73, (*330G) 21; Lappish 2; Swedish (Lund) 2; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 204. 205; Flemish 16; German: Mcckl. No. 48; Italian 4 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 49, Tuscan [333 a] 1, Sicilian 2)\ Hungarian 2; Czech: Tille Soupis I 505ff. 12; Istrian No. 9; Polish 25; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 11. — EnglishAmerican: Baughman 1.

FFG 184

T h e Types of the Folktale

123

330C The Winning Cards. Grant of magic pack of cards. Devil defeated and heaven entered with these. See analysis: II b, f; IV d, e. *De Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 65ff. No. 330C. — French: Delarue I 348ff. 330D Bonhomme Misere. Magic pear tree on which Death is caught. Mis ere must remain on earth. See analysis: II a, b, c; III a; IV a, b, f. Gf. Type 1186*. *Delarue I 348ff.; *De Mever Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 69ff. — Walloon *330CD 2. 330* Heaven Entered by Trick [K 2371.1]. *BP I 343, II 189, III 303. — French 10. 331 The Spirit in the Bottle. The man frees the evil spirit from the bottle and receives in reward a wonderful remedy or the power to turn iron into silver (gold). He tricks the spirit into the bottle again. (Often combined with Types 330 or 332.) Motifs: K717. Deception into bottle (vessel). D2177.1. Demon enclosed in bottle. R181. Demon enclosed in bottle released. D1240. Magic waters and medicines. D2102. Gold magically produced. *BP II 414 (Grimm No. 99). — Finnish 4; Finnish-Swedish 2; Esto­ nian 2; Lithuanian 6; Swedish 9 (Uppsala 3, Lund 6); Danish 2; Irish 1; French 9; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades cf. Nos. 202, 204; German: Ranke 20; Italian 2 (Tuscan [336] 7, Sicilian 1); Hungarian 3; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 30—34 4; Slovenian 10; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 11 (331A 7, 331.B 4); Russian: Andrejev 1; Greek 1; India 3. — FrancoAmerican 5; Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 7, (Argentina 340) 7; American Indian (Pochulta): Boas JAFL XXV 223 No. 6. — Literary Treatment: Chauvin VI 25 No. 195. 331* Devil as Flies in Knapsack. Soldier defeats devils by means of iron automaton: he changes the devils into flics, and encloses them in his knapsack. Polish (355*) 7.

332

Godfather Death. The man as doctor. Death at the feet of the sick man (the bed or the sick man turned around). I. Death as Godfather, (a) A poor man chooses death as godfather, (b) since he considers him juster than either God or the Devil. II. Death's Gifts, (a) Death gives him or (b) the son the (c) power of seeing Death standing at the head or foot of the bed and thus forecasting the progress of sickness. III. Death Tricked, (a) The doctor betrays Death by not finishing the Paternoster he had been granted time to say or (b) by turning the bed around when Death is standing at the foot. IV. Death Avenges Self (a) by tricking the man into finishing the prayer or (b) by putting out the man’s life-light which he shows the man in a lower-world of lights.

124

Stith Thompson

FFC 184

Motifs: I. Zl l l . Death personified. J48G. Death preferred above God and Justice. II. D1724. Magic power from Death. Death as godfather. D 1825.3.1. Magic power of seeing Death at head or foot of bed and thus forecasting progress of sickness. III. K551.1. Respite from death granted until prayer is finished. K557. Death cheated by moving bed. IV. E765.1.3. Life-lights in lower world. Each light mystically con­ nected with the life of a person. When light is extinguished, person clie^f. **R. Th. Christiansen Danske Studier (1915) 7Iff.; *BP I 377 (Grimm. N o.-44; cf. No. 42); *Kohler-Bolte I 291; *Liungman SSF II 430; *Espinosa III 140—150. — Finnish 57; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 16; Lithuanian 48; Lappish 1; Swedish (Uppsala) 1; Norwegian 7, Solheim 1; Danish 34, Grundtvig No. 122; Icelandic 1; Scottish 1; Irish 186, Beal X II 165ff.; French 26; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 99, 202, 203, cf. 204; Dutch 2; Flemish 11; German 46 (Ranke 45, Henssen Volk No. 127); Italian 4 (Sicilian 4, Gonzcnbach No. 19); Rumanian 4, Sainenu 888; Hungarian 6, Degh No. 5; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 95—103 12; Slovenian 9; Serbocroatian 7; Polish 25, (332A) 1; Russian: Andrejev 5, Andrejev Ukraine 11; Greek 5; Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 112 1; India 1. — Franco-American 6; Spanish-Americ.an: Rael No. 83—86 (U.S.), Hansen (Dominican Republic) 2; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 182 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 4. 332A* Visit in the House of the Dead. D ie man’s own life-light. At last Death awaits the sacrifice as a beggar. (Often mixed with Type 332.) Laographia X V II 110ff., 146f. — Rumanian 7; Greek (1191*) 3. 332B* Death and Luck. Poor coal miner asks God for enough money to buy chicken to eat. He obtains chicken and prepares to eat it. Luck visits him and asks for some of chicken. H e says no, since Luck follows only the rich. Death visits him and he shares the chicken, since Death comes to rich and poor alike. Spanish-American: Hansen (332**A) (Puerto Rico) 1. 332C* Immortality 11’on through Betrayal of Death. Hungarian (332 1) 3. 332D* Death Held off by Magic Formula. Cf. Type 1183*. Polish (336*)“;. 332E* Frog as Godfather. Woman invited to baptism finds the souls of the drowned. Hungarian (332 II*) 4. 332F* Poverty Locked Up. Poverty lives with a poor man who worked very hard, but must live with Poverty. The poor man by a trick locks Poverty up and after­ wards lives happily. Hungarian (332 I*) 2. 332G* Woman Tries to Induce Death to Take her Husband but Death refuses and chokes her. Polish (338*) 7. 332H* The Treacherous Cat. The cat entices a little girl, a little hoy. an old man, and an old woman to the old man. He devours them. Russian: Andrejev 1.

FFO 1HI

The 'Types of the Folktale

12:>

333

7 lie Chilian. (Red Riding Ilood). The wolf or other monster devours human beings until all of them are rescued alive from his beilv. Cf. Types 123, 2027, 2028. I. Wolf's Feast, (a) By masking as mother or grandmother the wolf deceives and devours (b) a little girl (Red Riding Hood) whom he meets on his way to her grandmother’s. II. Rescue, (a) The wolf is cut open and his victims rescued alive; (b) his belly is sewed full of stones and he drowns; (c) he jumps to his death. Motifs: I. K2011. Wolf poses as »grandmother» and kills child. Z18.1. What makes your ears so big? F911.3. Animal swallows man (not fatally). II. F913. Victims rescued from swallower’s belly. Q426. Wolf cut open and filled with stones as punishment. **Delaruc BF1F 1951 pp. 22Iff., 25Iff., 288ff, 1953 pp. 51 Iff.; **Mariann Rumpf Rotkappchen: cine vergleichende Marchenuntersuchung (Dis­ sertation Gottingen. 1951, cf. Delaruc BFIF 1953 pp. 514f.); *BP I 40, 234 Nos. 5, 26; *Anderson Novelline Nos. 30, 31, 45, 84—86. — Finnish 5; Finnish-Swedish 10; Estonian 3; Swedish (Uppsala) 1; Norwegian 5, Solheim 4; Danish 17; Irish 34, Beal II 228f.; French 32; Spanish 2; Flemish 11, Witteryck p. 277 9; Walloon (333A) 1; German 7; Italian: Friuli 2; Hungarian 13; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 11; Rus­ sian: Andrejev (333A, 333*B) 8; Greek 8; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Anlage Aa 3. — Franco-American 10; English-American 4; SpanishAmerican: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1; West Indies (Negro) 3. 333A Caterinclla. Little girl .goes to wolf (ogre) to borrow a pan in which to prepare pancake. On the way back to return pan with fritters, she cats them and substitutes horse dung (dirt). She then hides from the wolf. He unties the horse, and eats her. (Sometimes she is rescued from the wolf’s stomach.) Italian: Rumpf Fabula I 76ff. 9; cf. also Fabula I 287. 333 * changed to Type 934B.

333B The Cannibal Godfather (Godmother). The little girl disregards the warning of friendly animals and visits the godfather (godmother). She is devoured. Russian: Andrejev (*333 I) 4. 334 Household of the Witch. Visit to house: of a witch (or other horrible crea­ ture). Manv gruesome and marvelous happenings. Lucky escape. Cf. Type 32 7G. *Rankc Schleswig-Holsteinischc Volksmdrehen I 272 31; *BP I 375. — Lithuanian (2027B) 21; German: Plenzat. p. 19. 335 Death's Messengers. Death promises the man to indicate his future. He gives him a blow, blindness, etc. But the man does not understand the signs and lives happily throughout. *BP III 293; *H.' Schwartzbaum Numen IV (1937) 63 n. 20. -.. Estonian (332*) 2; Slovenian 1.

126

Stitli Thompson

FFC 184

336

Death Washes His Feel. When death visits a house the youngest daughter is sent by her mother and her elder sisters for light to make a fire. On her way she meets a ghost. When she returns home, Death is washing his feet. The daughter asks about Death’s strange looking feet, arms, legs, etc. [Z 10.1]. Death never answers, but eats her. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (345*) 7. 360 Bargain of the Three Brothers with the Devil. They receive money in return for the devil’s power over them [M211]. The host of the inn kills a man and the boys are accused. They have pledged themselves always to say the same words: »we three,» »for gold» »that was right» [C49512.1, M175]. The devil rescues them from the gallows [R 175], the host is hanged in their place, and the devil is satisfied to take his soul and leave them [K217]. Cf. Types 475, 1697. *BP II 561 (Grimm No. 120). — Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 1; Norwegian 1; Danish 19, Grundtvig No. 57A; Irish: Beal I 299f.; Catalan: Amades No. 360; Flemish 1; German 21 (Ranke 20, Henssen Volk No. 128); Austrian: Haiding 469; Italian 1 (Tuscan 1); Ruma­ nian 1; Hungarian 2; Slovenian 6; Polish 5, (360A) 1; Russian: Andrejev. — Franco-Amcrican 1; Spanish-American: Rael No. 69 (U.S.). 361 Bear-skin [F821.1.3.1]. A soldier bargains with the devil [M211]. For seven years he must neither wash nor comb himself [C721.1, C723.1], He receives much money. He marries the youngest of three sisters [L54.1], the two elder of which have made sport of him [Q2]. The elder sisters hang themselves. The devil: »I got two; vou onc» [K217]. Cf. Type 475. *BP II 427 (Grimm No. 101). •— Finnish 72; Finnish-Swedish 10; Estonian 25; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 44; Swedish (Uppsala) 5 ; Nor­ wegian 2, Solheim 1; Danish 22, Grundtvig No. 57B; Icelandic 1; Scottish 2; Irish 1, Beal VII 51; Spanish 1 : German 27 (Archive 25, Merk. p. 274, Meckl. No. 49); Austrian: Haiding No. 60; Italian 1 (Sicilian 1, Gonzenbach No. 72); Hungarian 3; Czech: Tillc Soupis 1 201 8 ; Slovenian 2 ; Serbocroatian 1 ; Polish 16; Russian: Afanasiev 3 ; — Franco-Amcrican 3. 361* 362*

363

W olf Threatens to Fat Hero unless he lives as a »bear,s skin» when he marries. Hero breaks prohibition and kills the wolf with help of his dogs. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (340*), Honti (361 1*) 21. The Devil's Kindness. The devil helps one boy with his work. The second boy hangs himself out of envy and thus the devil receives his payment. [K217]. Danish 2, Grundtvig No. 77; Russian: Andrejcv.

The Vampire. The bridegroom cats corpses in three churches [E251.3.L appears to his bride in the form of her father, her mother, etc. [D40, D610] and when she tells about his habit he devours her. *BP III 534 note 1. — Finnish 54; Finnish-Swedish 9 ; Estonian 12; Livonian 3; Lithuanian 12; Norwegian 8, Solheim 1; Danish 11, Grundt­ vig No. 85, Kristensen Skattegraveren XII 118 No. 246; Irish 10; Catalan:

G 2 0 ]. H e

FFC 181

The Types o f the Folktale

127

Amadcs of. No. If)!), 1968; Italian 1 (Tuscan [cf. 709 n] 1); Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 330- 344 10; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 7; Russian: Afanasiev 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 152, 153 III, 154 11. 365

The Dead Bridegroom Carries off his Bride (Lenore). He carries her behind on his horse. Says, »The moon shines bright, the dead ride fast,» etc. She is pulled into the grave [E215]. Child English and Scottish Popular Ballads V 60—61; M. Bohm »Der Lenorenstoff in der lettischen Volksuberliefcrung» Hessische Blatter XVII (1918) 15—25. — Finnish 174; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 10; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 42; Lappish 3; Norwegian 1; Danish 10; Ice­ landic 5; Irish 13; French 7; Dutch 4; Flemish 4; German 76 (Archive 70, Meckl. No. 130 a—f); Italian 1 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 14); Rumanian 12; Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 37, (Istrian) Nos. 10, 11; Hungarian 7, Degh Nos. 6, 7; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 330—336 14; Polish 15; Russian: Andrejev 3, Andrejev Ukraine 11. — FrancoAmcrican 3.

365A* Wizard Youth ( Vampire) Entices Maiden into his Grave. Rumanian 2. 365B* » Young Men, Who Lie in these Graves, Come Dance with Us.» The girls at the dancingparty, with great difficulties free themselves from the dead who have come to dance with them. Lithuanian (*365B) 15.

366

The Man from the Gallows. A man steals the heart, (liver, stomach, clothing) of one who has been hanged [E235.4, E236.1]. Gives it to his wife to eat. The ghost comes to claim his property and carries off the man. *BP III 478 (Grimm No. 211); Ranke Schleswig-Holsteinische Volksmarchen 277; Coffin 3. — Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 1; Lithuanian 4; Swedish (Uppsala) 4; Norwegian 1; Danish 39, Grundtvig No. 87, Kristensen Skattegravcren II 166; English 3; French 23; Spanish /, Espi­ nosa 111 116—121; Catalan: Amades Nos. 23, 2101; Dutch 14; Flemish 2; German: Ranke 33; Italian 3 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 11, Tuscan [323], [1443 b] 2); Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 401 3 ; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 6; Polish 9; Russian: Andrejev 1. — FrancoAmerican 3; English-Amcriean: Baughman 8; Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1.

366*

Thief Steals from Corpse and Prevents its Resuscitation. Polish (340*) 1.

307*

The Earl-king

[G305].

Flemish 1. 368*

The Punishment of the Lazy Woman [Q321]. The bread changed to stone [D471.1, D661J; the corpse in the bed, etc. Flemish 2; Slovenian 1.

368A* Old Woman (Monster) Entices and Punishes Lazy Spinning Woman. Kills hunter and hounds. Rumanian 6.

Stith Thompson

128

1TC 1HI

368B* Holy Friday, Tuesday, Thursday. Old woman punishes the girls who spin on their Saint's day or haven’t spun enough in the winter. Rumanian 4. 368C* Baba Dochia. Cruel stepmother sends stepdaughter in March to the river to wash wool clean. T’wo wanderers — God and Peter — help her. She brings the first flower. Evil stepmother is thus led astray into the mountains with shepherd, and freezes to stone. Rumanian 7. 369 The Youth on a Quest for his Lost Father [HI 381.2.2.1.1]. I. The Quest, (a) Village boys taunt boy without a father, (b) The boy sets out to find his father. Of. Type 873. f II. At Old Woman's House, fa) He stays overnight with an old woman (Cf. Type 334) (b) who, during the night chews up his bows and arrows, (c) He has iron bow and arrows made and the old woman loses her teeth. III. Discovery of Father's Body. He finds (a) a rhinoceros or other animal or (b) a bird with the corpse of his father on its horn and shoots it. IV. Resuscitation, (a) A god overhears the boy weeping and restores his father to life. India 8. 382* Quest to the Devil. Three sons sent by their father »to the devil.» Come to the devil's palace. He throws them into a stove and two of them perish. An angel-opens the door for the third. He is tempted by the devil's walking-stick. His hand cleaves to this stick, but he cuts it with axe and escapes. Polish 2. SUPERNATURAL OR ENCHANTED HUSBAND (WIFE) OR OTHER RELATIVES 400—424 Wi f e 400

The Man on a Chest for his Lost Wife. Magic objects or animals as helpers (as introduction frequently the Swan Maiden). I. The Hero, (a) A father unwittingly promises his son to a sea monster (giant, etc.), (b) The boy is adopted by a king, (c) The ogre wants to take the boy but cannot since he has a bible under his arm (see Typo 810); — or (d) A field is tramped down; the brothers keep watch, but only the youngest remains by his post; — or (c) A prince is on a hunt. II. The Enchanted Princess, (a) The heyo goes in a self-moving boat to a foreign land or castle; or (b) The hero and another find a bewitched princess in the castle, (c) They are rescued by the hero!s enduring in silence three frightful nights in the castle or (d) by his sleeping by the princess three nights without looking at her or disturbing her. — (e) Girls in swan coats: the hero steals one coat and will give it back to the to the owner only if she will marry him (see IV cl), (f) The hero marries the princess or the girl.

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III. His Visit Home. (a) The hero wants to go home on a visit, (b) The princess gives him a wishing ring, or (c) three wishes, (d) She forbids him: to call for her to come to him, or (e) to utter her name, or (f) to sleep, (g) to eat, or (h) to drink, (i) She has promised to meet the hero, but an enemy by means of a magic pin makes him sleep when she comes. IV. Loss of the Wife. (a) He calls upon her to come so as to show how beautiful she is, or (b) breaks one of the other prohibitions, (c) She comes, takes the ring and disappears and gives him iron shoes which he must wear out before he finds her again; — or (d) The swan-maiden (see H e ) finds her swan coat and flies away. V. The Search, (a) He sets out in search of her and (b) meets people who rule over wild animals, birds, and fish, (c) An old eagle gives him advice, (d) He asks his way of the sun and moon, who know nothing, (e) but the wind shows him his way. (f) Three old women help him; (g) he must climb up a steep mountain without looking back, (h) He meets people who are fighting over magic objects and gets the objects in a trick trade; e.g. saddle, hat, mantle, boots, sword. VI. The Recovery. (a) He meets the north wind and (b) by means of his magic objects reaches the castle where the princess is about to be married, (c) The new bridegroom is killed, (d) Recognition by ring in cake. — (e) Sometimes followed by tasks to be performed and trans­ formation flight (Type 313). — Adapted from Christiansen Norske Eventyr. Motifs: I. S211. Child sold (promised) to devil (ogre). S240. Children un­ wittingly promised (sold). N836.1. King adopts hero. K218.2. Devil cheated of his victim by boy having a bible under his arm. H I471. Watch for devastating monster. Youngest alone successful. N771. Prince lost on hunt has adventures. II. D1523.2. Self-propelling boat. D5. Enchanted person. N711.2. Hero finds maiden in (magic) castle. D758.1. Disenchantment by three nights5 silence under punishment. H1472. Test: sleeping by princess three nights without looking at her or disturbing her. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. D361.1. Swan Maiden. A swan transforms herself at will into a maiden. She resumes her swan form by putting on her swan coat. K1335. Seduction (or wooing) by stealing clothes of bathing girl (swan maiden). D721.2. Disenchantment by hiding skin (covering). When the enchanted person has temporarily removed the covering, it is stolen and the victim remains disenchanted until it is found. B652.1. Marriage to swan-maiden. III. D1470.1.15. Magic wishing ring. D1426.2. Magic ring causes woman to come to man. D1761.0.2. Limited number of wishes given. G31.6. Tabu: calling on supernatural wife. C31.5. Tabu: boasting of supernatural wife. C430. Name tabu: prohibition against uttering the 9

S titli Thom pson

FFC m-i

name of a person or thing. C735.1. Tabu: sleeping during certain time. G234. Tabu: eating while on visit home. C250. Tabu: drinking. D 1364.15. Pin causes magic sleep. D 1364.4.1. Apple causes magic sleep. D1972. Lover’s magic sleep at rendezvous. A lover (husband) is to meet his mistress but magically oversleeps. IV. D2074.2.3.1. Mistress summoned by wish. C932. Loss of wife (husband) for breaking tabu. Q502.2. Punishment: wandering till iron shoes are worn out. D361.1.1. Swan Maiden finds her hidden wings and resumes her form. V. H I385.3. Quest for vanished wife (mistress). B221. Animal king­ dom. B222. Kingdom of birds. B223. Kingdom of fishes. B541. Helpful eagle. B560. Animals advise man. B563. Animals direct man on journey. H I232. Directions on quest given by sun, moon, wind, and stars. H I233.1.1. Old woman helps on quest. H I235. Succession of helpers on quest. One helper sends to another, who sends to another, etc. HI 114. Task: climbing glass mountain. D831. Magic object acquired by trick exchange. By means of second magic object hero recovers first. D832. Magic objects acquired by acting as umpire for fighting heirs. When hero gets hold of objects he refuses to return them. D 1209.2. Magic saddle. D 1361.14. Magic cap renders invisible. D 1521.1. Seven-league boots. D 1400.1.4. Automatic sword. VI. D1520. Magic objects transports. D2121. Magic journey. N681. Husband (lover) arrives home just as wife (mistress) is to marry another. H94.1. Identification by ring baked in cake. H94.4. Identification by ring dropped in glass (cup) of wine. **Holmstrom; *BP II 318, 335, III 406 (Grimm Nos. 92, 93, 193); Kohler-Boltc I 444; de Raille RTP IV 312ff.; H. Ellekilde Danske Studier (1919) 166 ff.; E. Moor »t)ber das Miirchen von der verwiinschten Konigstochter» Gragger-Gedenkbuch, 1927; Coffin 10; *L.Hibbard Medieval Romance in England 200ff., *FFC LXXXIII xv, li, lxxi, 35. — Finnish 81; Finnish-Swedish 6; Estonian 25; Lithuanian 23, (*422 A) 8; Lappish 4; Swedish 49 (Uppsala 19, Stockholm 1, Gotcborg 7, Lund 1; Liungman 4, misc. 17); Norwegian 51, Solhcim 4; Danish 113, Grundtvig No I ; Icelandic 7 (II e, f, IV d) 7; Scottish 4; Irish 162,, Beal VII 53ff.; French 17; Spanish (400*A, 400*B) 2; Catalan: Amades No. 18, cf. 107; Flemish 6; German 138 (Archive 129, Merk. 114, 228, Meckl. Nos. 50, 51, 52, 53, 89, Henssen Volk Nos. 125, 149); Austrian: Raiding Nos. 2, 5, 19, 21; Italian 9 (Tuscan [307] b, c, 2, Sicilian 7, Gonzenbach No. 60); Rumanian 12, Sainenu 265; Hungarian 18, (Berze Nag)' 400 I*) 46; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 124—127, Soupis I 72ff., 363ff., II (1) 348ff., 368ff., II (2) 209ff. 15; Slovenian 15; Serbocroatian 41; Polish (400 A B C D) 34; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine (400A) 22, Afanasiev *(40GA) 58, (400B) 16; Greek 16, Dawkins 45 Stories 436 Nos. 7, 40, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 19; Turkish : Rbcrhard-Boratav Nos. 83, 84, 105, 198 III, 205, cf. 204 III, V, 18; India 28; Indonesian:

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DeVries No. 151; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 55ff. Nos. 34f., FFC CXXVIII 6ff. Nos. 21ff. — Franco-American 69; English-American: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 191, 192, 195, 196, 198 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 5, (Puerto Rico) 9; Portuguese-American: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 305 n. 2, cf. 361; West Indies (Negro) 2; American Indian: Thompson Tales No. 54, and note 206 (III d, IV b, V f, g, VI E tasks). — African 1. (The Alan Envied for his Beautiful Wife. See Type 465.) 400*

The Swan Maid. When her feathers are burned, she becomes a beautiful girl. The prince marries her. Some years later her swan relatives about to migrate, entice her to accompany them on their flight. Her lover throws feathers to her and she flies off; only from time to time she secretly returns to visit her son. Lithuanian (*404) 5.

401

The Princess Transformed into Deer. The prince a-hunting. Disenchants princess by spending three nights in a deserted castle. Quest for departed wife, as in Type 400. Cf. Type 400 (I e, II b, c, III i, V, VI). [H I222]. *BP II 218 (Grimm No. 93), II 330f. (Grimm No. 137); KohlerBolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 164; Coffin 1. — Danish 27, Grundtvig No. 2; Ice­ landic 1; Scottish 2, Campbell-McKay No. 24; Irish 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 53, 63; Flemish 5; German 4; Austrian: Haiding No. 16; Italian 10 (Tuscan [317] c, [932] b, cf, [325], [918] 5, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach No. 60); Hungarian: Berze Nagy 40; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 127— 135, Soupis II (1) 357ff. 9; Polish (406) 1; Russian: Afanasiev 14. — FrancoAmerican 4; English-American: Baughman 2; Spanish-American: Rael No. 190 (U.S.). — African 1. 401A Enchanted Princesses and their Castles. The heroes rescue the princesses by keeping awake for three nights in succession, keeping silent, or refraining ft'om looking into secret chambers, or otherwise. [D753]. (Various episodes.) Lithuanian (*422) 71; Rumanian (308*) 1; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (400 (41 l*) 2; Serbocroatian 8. 401 A* The Three Soldiers in the Enchanted Manor. Curiosity overcoming them, they for­ feit the power of disenchanting the princesses. Seven seven-year-old children break the spell and save the princesses. [D759.9, D 759.10]. Lithuanian (*422B) 2.

402

The Mouse (Cat, Frog> etc.) as Bride. The youngest of three brothers suc­ ceeds best in the quests set by his father. He brings the best cloth, the most beautiful bride, etc. The mouse (cat) who has helped him changes herself into a beautiful maiden. Motifs: I. H I242. Youngest brother alone succeeds on quest. H I210.1. Quest assigned by father. H I306. Quest for the finest of linen. I i l 305. Quest for the best of bread. H1307. Quest for the smallest of dogs. H I303. Quest for for the finest of chains. HI 301.1. Quest for the most beautiful bride. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. B437.2. Helpful

132

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F FG 184

mouse* B422. Helpful cat. B493.1. Helpful frog. B493.2. Helpful toad. D700. Person disenchanted. D735.1. Beauty and the beast. Disenchant­ ment of animal by being kissed by woman (man). D711. Disenchant­ ment by decapitation. **YV. Wisser Niederdeutsche J^eiischrift filr Volkskunde V 8ff.; *Anderson Novelline Nos. 58, 88, 118; *BP II 30, 466 (Grimm Nos. 63, 106); *Tegethoff Amor u. Psyche 27ff.; Homenaje a Fritz Kruger I (1952) 399f.; Arts et Traditions Populates I 274; Coffin 3; Kohler-Bolte I 407. — Finnish 103; Finnish-Swedish 10; Estonian 16; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 48; Lappish 3; Swedish 41 (Uppsala 9, Stockholm 2, Gotcborg 2, Lundy4, Liungman 6); Danish 55, Grundtvig No. 15; Irish 38; French j l ; Spanish7,(557*) 1; Catalan: Amades Nos. 33, 34, 89, 91, 119, 127, 172; Flemish 1; German 96 (Archive 92, Merk. p. 140, Meckl. Nos. 54,55, 66); Austrian: Haiding No. 37, 75; Italian: D’Aronco Fiahe 40 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 18, Tuscan 313 d, 402 a—r, t—v 20, Sicilian 7); Ru­ manian (402 A*) 7; Hungarian 4; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 248ff., Soupis II (1) 18Iff. 12; Slovenian 13; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 10, (414) 6; Russian: Afanasiev 25; Greek 6, Hahn No. 67, Loukatos No. 3, *Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 18; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 85, 86, 87, 88 60; India 1, (402A Ind.) 8. — Franco-American 12; SpanishAmerican Rael Nos. 183—186 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 1, (Dominican Republic 402**A) 1; American Portuguese (Brazil): Camara Gascudo 160; West Indies (Negro) L — Literary Treatment: Chauvin VI 133 No. 286. 402*

The Princess who Scorned an Unloved Suitor [T75.1]

is turned into a frog [D661].

Finnish-Swedish L 402A*

Princess Transformed to Toad is

disenchanted by heroes kiss and marries him.

Cf.

Type 440. Polish (420) 2.

403

The Black and the White Bride. Cf. Types 450, 480, 510, 511. I. Cruel Stepmother. A stepmother hates her stepchildren. II. Kind and Unkind, (a) The stepdaughter is kind to a person she meets (witch, the Lord, etc.) or (b) is sent after strawberries in winter, where she meets dwarfs who help her in gratitude, (c) She receives as gift great beauty and the power of dropping gold or jewels from her mouth, (d) The woman’s own daughter is unkind under these conditions and is made ugly and made to drop toads from her mouth. III. The Prince as Lover. (a) The heroine is seen by the king (prince), who marries her; — or (b) her brother is in service at the court of a king who sees her picture and falls in love with her and sends the brother for her. IV. The Substituted Bride. (a) After marriage with the king the step­ mother throws the heroine and her child into the water; — or (b) On the voyage of the brother and sister to the king, the stepmother or stepsister casts the heroine overboard, (e) The woman’s daughter is

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substituted for the bride without detection, (d) The brother is thrown into prison or a pit of snakes. V. Disenchantment, (a) The true bride who is transformed to a goose comes to the king’s court three times (sometimes to suckle her child), (b) The last night the king wakes and disenchants her by cutting her finger and drawing blood or by holding her while she changes form. VI. Conclusion, (a) The brother, unharmed in the den of snakes, is rescued, the true bride married or reinstated, and punishment executed. Motifs: I. G205. Witch stepmother. S31. Cruel stepmother. L55. Stepdaughter heroine. II. Q2. Kind and unkind. Churlish person disregards requests of old person (animal) and is punished. Courteous person (often youngest brother or sister) complies and is rewarded. H I023.3. Task: bringing berries (fruit, roses) in winter. F451.5.1. Helpful dwarfs. D1723. Magic power from fairy. D1860. Magic beautification. D 1454.2. Treasure falls from mouth. D 1454.1.2. Jewels from hair. D1870. Magic hideousness. M431.2. Curse: toads from mouth. III. N711. King (prince) accidentally finds maiden in woods (tree) and marries her. T i l .2. Love through sight of picture. T51. Wooing by emissary. L I62. Lowly heroine marries prince (king). IV. S432. Cast-off wife thrown into water. K2212.1. Treacherous stepsisters. K 1911. The false bride (substituted bride). K1911.1.2. False bride takes true bride’s place when child is born. Q465.1. Throwing into pit of snakes as punishment. V. D683.2. Transformation by witch (sorceress). K1911.2.1. True bride transformed by false. D161.2. Transformation: man to goose. D688. Transformed mother suckles child. D762. Disenchantment by proper person waking from magic sleep. The enchanted person appears three times and if the sleeper does not wake by the third time the enchant­ ment must last. D712.4. Disenchantment by holding enchanted person during successive transformation. VI. B848. Man unharmed in den of animals. Q261. Treachery punished. **Arfert; *Anderson Novelline No. 5; Coffin 10. — Finnish 79; Lvonian 1; Swedish 10 (Goteborg 7, Lund 4, misc. 5); Norwegian 6; Danish 85; Irish 74, Beal I 349ff., II 97f. No. 5, 221 f. No. 4, III 257f. No. 3, VII 197f. No. 6, V III 3f. No. 2; French 31; Walloon (*403EF) 2; German 52 (Archive 57, Meckl. No. 56); Austrian: Haiding No. 18; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 61 (Pentamerone III No. 10, IV No. 7, cf. V No. 2, Friuli 3, Tuscan [4-03A b, f—1, s, q, u, 510 b, [304] b, c, [316] c, [894], [895] b, [897] 19, Sicilian 8, Gonzenbach Nos. 32, 33, 34); Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 225ff. 10; Slovenian 9; Serbocroatian (403, 403 I, II) 14; Polish 11; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 240 29; India 22. — FrancoAmerican 22; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 106, 108, 113, 117 (U.S.),

134

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Hansen (Chile) 3, (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 7; Gape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 170 n. 1; West Judies (Negro) 9. — African 17. The three forms of the type follows: 403A The Wishes (the Savior and Peter, etc.). The man’s own daughter be­ comes beautiful (gold from her mouth), the stepdaughter ugly (frogs), or the clanging tree. The brother of the real daughter in the service of the king. The sister’s picture. The voyage to the castle. The girl thrown overboard. Transformation to a duck. Stepsister as the king’s bride in her place. See analysis: I; II a, c, d; III b; IV b, c, d; V a, b; VI. *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 234 n. 1; *Liungman SSF III 112, 43 If. — Finnish-Sw'edish 6; Estonian 9; Lithuanian 19; Lappish 9; Swedish 17 (Uppsala 9, Liungman 2, misc. 6); Norwegian 32; Danish: Grundtvig No. 35; Icelandic 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 117, 1515, cf. No. 140; Flemish 6; German 60; Rumanian 24; Hungarian 16; Serbocroatian 3; Russian: Afanasiev 9; Greek 22; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 60, IV 90. 403B As introduction: Three dwarfs. Strawberries under the snow', etc. The real daughter bride of the king. A child born. The stepmother throws the child into the w'ater, etc. See analysis: I, II b, c, d; III a; IV a, c; V a , b; VI. *BP I 99 (Grimm No. 13); *Liungman SSF III 114, 431 f. — FinnishSwedish 7; Estonian 6; Swedish 18 (Uppsala 2, Liungman 2, misc. 14); Catalan: Amades No. 83; Hungarian 1; Russian: Andrcjcv Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 6; Greek 19. — American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 385ff. — African; Werner African Mythology 230 (2 versions). 403C The Witch Secretly Substitutes her own Daughter for the bride. The husband throw's the w'itch’s daughter under the bridge. From the girl’s navel grows a reed in which the wutch recognizes her own daughter. Estonian (403C*) 32; Lithuanian 1. 403*

The Stepmother’s Dream. Worried by a prophetic dream, the stepmother drowns the orphan in a well at full moon [S432]. The drowned comes out with a gold crown at full moon to sing [E546]. A prince comes to marry the real daughter of the stepmother. The night before the wedding he rescues the orphan and mar­ ries her. Livonian (403’) 1.

403** The Snake-girdle. An ugly girl helps an old woman and gets a girdle and becomes beautiful [Q 2, L145]. Two pretty girls steal the girdle, which changes into a snake. Livonian (4032) 1. 404*

Girl Transformed by Jealous Stepmother into Cow's Stomach. Disenchantment only by marrying a prince. Rolling cow-stomach as shepherd on king’s estate. Prince, tries to drive her off but he magically sticks to the cow’s stomach and can be released only by marrying her. Disenchantment. Icelandic 6.

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405

T h e T ypes of the Folktale

135

A witch turns the girl into a bird [D683.2, D150]. The youth with the help of a magic object changes her back into her former shape [D771]. *BP II 69 (Grimm No. 69); Coffin 7. — Finnish 7; Swedish (misc.) 7; Irish 3; German 2; Serbocroatian 7; Polish 3; Russian: Andrejev. — Franco-American 7. 405A* Enchanted Girl Disenchanted by Lover. Killing her serpent guard and other means. Jorinde and Jorin g el.

Spanish 7.

406 (formerly 406*) The Cannibal. A couple have a child who is a cannibal [G33], It eats everyone up except its conqueror. The latter succeeds in breaking the enchantment [D716], and the cannibal is transformed into a maiden [DILI]. They are married [T 101]. Gf. Type 307. *BP II 236 n. 2. — Danish 7, Grundtvig No. 33; Russian: Andrejev. 406A* The Defeated King Regains the Throne, (a) A king, who has been defeated, receives help from an old woman in the woods, (b) to whom he promised marriage; (c) to a sound of the trumpet, which he received from the old woman, appears an army which defeats the enemy; (d) the king forgets about his promise, but admonished, submits himself to the punishment; (e) then the old woman changes into the young girl, forgives him and becomes his wife. Polish (521) 4.

407

The Girl as Flower. A maiden is transformed into a flower [D212]. A man breaks a stalk of the flower and she becomes human again [D711.4]. He takes her as his wife [T101]. Cf. Type 652. *Anderson in Tauscher Volksmdrchen 190; *BP I 501, II 121, III 259 (Grimm Nos. 56, 78, 160). — Estonian 1; Lithuanian 2; Danish 7, Grundtvig No. 42; German 5; Rumanian 7; Hungarian 76*; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 336—343 10; Slovenian 2; Polish 7; Russian: Afa­ nasiev 2; Greek 7, Loukatos No. 4 ;Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 215 III; India 2; Chinese: Graham 245 No. 308. 407A The Bayberry Child. Because of hasty wish of a barren mother she bears a bayberry. Eventual disenchantment and marriage to prince (as in Type 409A). Greek (407*) 7, Hahn I 163 No. 21. 407B The Devil's (Dead Man's) Mistress. Her mother, father, brother and sister die; to be rid of her supernatural husband, she, too, dies. From her grave a flower springs up which changes into a girl. The prince (gentle­ man) rescues the girl from her former lover and weds her. *BP II 126. — Lithuanian (*368) 16; Hungarian (3651) 16; SerboCroatian 4. 408 The Three Oranges. The quest for the Orange Princess. The false bride. I. The Old Woman s Curse. A young prince insolently throws a stone and breaks an old woman’s oil jar. She utters a curse: he is to fall in love with the three oranges (lemons, pomegranates, eggs). II. The Winning of the Orange Princess. The prince sets out on the quest.

136

Stith T hom pson

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An old woman (or other person) gives him good advice and after over­ coming various obstacles he finds the three oranges. He may open them only near a water. He disobeys this warning. Out of the first orange comes a beautiful maiden, calls for water and dies. The same thing happens with the second orange. For the third orange the prince has water ready and she remains alive. Since she is naked the prince leaves her hidden among the branches of a tree and he goes to bring clothes for her. III. The Substitution of a Negress for the Orange Princess. Under the tree there is a spring, A hideous negro slave (gypsy) comes to get water, thinks that the reflection of the heroine is her own and breaks her water jar since she is too beautiful to carry water. Orange Princess laughs and thus draws attention. The slave learns her story and turns her into a dove (fish, etc.) and takes her place. The prince returns and though astonished at the sudden change marries the false bride. IV. The Orange Princess as Dove. The dove flies to a castle and asks the gardener (cook) about the prince and the false bride. The dove is .cap­ tured and the prince is much pleased but the negress has the bird killed. V. The Orange Princess as Tree. From the remains of the bird arises a tree. The prince is pleased but the false bride has it cut down. VI. The Disenchantment of the Heroine. A chip of the tree comes into the hands of an old woman. During her absence the orange Princess assumes her earlier form and does the old woman’s house work. Eventually she is surprised by the old woman. VII. The Lovers' Reunion. The prince finds the Orange Princess again; the false bride is hanged. — Analysis furnished by Professor Walter Anderson. Motifs: I. S375. Old woman’s maledictions inform abandoned hero of his future. M301.2.1. Enraged old woman prophecies for youth. II. Q40. Kindness rewarded. N825.3. Old woman helper. B350. Grateful animals. N711.2. Hero finds maiden in (magic) castle. D211.1. Transformation: man (woman) to orange. L51. Favorite youngest daughter. D721.5. Disenchantment, from fruit (flower) by opening it. L50. Victorious youngest daughter. III. K2252. Treacherous maidservant. J 1791.6.1. Ugly woman sees beautiful woman reflected in water and thinks it is herself. R351. Fugitive discovered by reflection in water. K 1911. The false bride (substituted bride). K 1911.2.2. True bride pushed into water by false one. K 1911.1.3. False bride takes true bride’s place at fountain. K1934. Impostor forces hero (heroine) to change places with him (her). D170. Transformation to fish. D150. Transformation to bird. IV. D610. Repeated transformation. K 1911.3. Reinstatement of true bride. **W. Anderson forthcoming monograph (Kiel); *BP II 125 n .,IV 257 n. 1; *Penzer Basile II J58ff.; Kohler-Bolte I *61, 34(i, 369; Kohler to

f it : iim

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Gon/.mbarh No. 13 and Zs. f. Vksk. VI 63; Coffin 2. — Swedish (misc.) 7; Norwegian (408**) 7; French 8; Spanish 74, (cf. 408A*) 1; Catalan: Amadrs Nos. 62, 93, 116, 1998, cf. Nos. 12, 165, 173; German 5; Austrian: llaiding No. 26; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 77 (Trieste: Pingucntini No. 22, Friuli 3, Pentamerone V No. 9, Tuscan 72, Sicilian 3, Gonzenbach No. 13); Hungarian 23, Degh No. 14; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 222ff. 4; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 79, cf. 7; Russian: Andrejev 7, Andrejev Ukraine 7; Greek 29, Loukatos No. 5, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 1, Hahn No. 49; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 89, 167 III, IV, 168 III, 290 V 55, Menzel Turkischc Mdrchen (Hanover, 1942) II 63; India 77. — Franco-American 2; Spanish-American: Racl Nos. 115, 179—182 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 2, (Cuba) 2, (Do­ minican Republic) 4, (Puerto Rico) 9; West Indies (Negro) 13. 408A*

Devil to Help Gambler in Exchange for One Task Yearly [M214, N 6 .1], On visit to magic castle, men find gold and provisions [D 145.7.1, D 1422.1.5] and dig hole to underground enchanted palace [D 1132]. Forbidden chamber entered. Escape from guardian animals by throwing objects so that they fight over them [K671, K672J. Sleeping girl awakened by kiss [D565.5]. She becomes dove [D154.1] and tells hero to meet her at fountain of three oranges. At fountain treacherous black man [K2261] feeds him figs and gives him cigar which causes magic sleep [D1363.4.2, D1364.19]. Eventual arrival as girl is to marry another. Recognition. Spanish: Boggs 7.

409

The Girl in the Form of a Wolf[D\ 13.1]. Suckles her child on a stove. On the advice of a magician the stove is made hot and when the girl lays her wolf-clothing on the stove she is restored to human form [D721.3]. Estonian (408*) 56; Livonian (408*) 2; Russian: Andrejev 6; Slo­ venian 3; Serbocroatian 7.

409A The Girl as Goal [Jackdaw). A childless woman wants a child even if it be an animal: she bears a goat-child (jackdaw). When she sends the goat-child to get water for its father, the goat lays off goat-skin and plays. A prince sees her and sends wooers to her house. The prince marries her and she stays as goat and causes trouble in the palace. At a wedding she appears in her human form and is admired and dances. She throws a golden apple and twice escapes and assumes her goat form. The last time the prince burns the goat covering and disenchants her. Serbocroatian 7; Greek (409*) 3, Hahn I 127 No. 14, I 305 No. 57 (daw). 409A* Snake Princess is Disenchanted by being thrown on fire. Marries deliverer. Polish (421) 2. 409B* Child Weeping in his Mother’s Womb is Promised Supernatural Wife. After adventures he receives her. Hungarian: Bcrzc Nagy (409*) 8.

410 Sleeping Beauty. The king’s daughter falls into a magic sleep. A prince breaks through the hedge surrounding the castle and disenchants the maiden.

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I. The Wished-for Child. A frog announces the birth of the much desired daughter of the king. II. The Fairies' Gifts, (a) A fairy who has not been invited to the celebration (christening) makes a wish that the princess shall die of a wound from a spindle, (b) Another fairy changes the death into a hundred-year sleep. III. The Enchanted Princess, (a) The prophecy is fulfilled: with the maiden all the dwellers in the castle sink into a magic sleep and all about grows a hedge of thorn. IV. The Disenchantment. After a hundred years a prince breaks through the hedge, awakes the princess with a kiss and holds a happy marriage. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. B211.7.1. Speaking frog. B493.1. Helpful frog. II. F312. Fairy presides at child’s birth, F361.1.1. Fairy takes revenge for not being invited to feast. G269.4. Curse by disappointed witch. M412.1. Curse given at birth of child. F316. Fairy lays curse on child. M341.2.13. Prophecy: death through spindle wound. F316.1. Fairy’s curse partially overcome by another fairy’s amendment. III. M370. Vain attempts to escape fulfillment of prophecy. D 1962.1. Magic sleep through curse. D 1364.17. Spindle causes magic sleep. D6. Enchanted castle. D 1960.3. Sleeping Beauty. Magic sleep for definite period (e.g., a hundred years). D 1967.1. Person in magic sleep sur­ rounded by protecting hedge. F771.4.4. Castle in which everyone is asleep. F771.4.7. Castle inhabited by enchanted princess. IV. N711.2. Hero finds maiden in (magic) castle. D1978.5. Waking from magic sleep by kiss. D735. Disenchantment by kiss. **DeVries »Dornroschen» Fabula II 11Off.; **Romain Zs f. Vksk. XLII 84ff.; *BP I 434 (Grimm No. 50). — Livonian 1; Lithuanian 3; Swedish 2 (Uppsala 1, misc. 1); Danish 3; Irish 10; French 5; Spanish 1; Flemish 7, Witteryck p. 299 1; German: Ranke 5; Austrian: Haiding No. 31; Italian 10 (Pentamerone II No. 8, V No. 5, Tuscan 707 q, 709 r, [876] 3, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach No. 3); Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 1; Russian: Andrejev; Creek 1; India 1. — Franco-American 4 (from Perrault); Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican Republic) 1; Portuguese-Amcrican (Brazil): Camara Cascudo p. 144; West Indies (Negi'o) 1. 410* The Petrified Kingdom. A soldier comes to a kingdom

where everything has turned to stone. He spends three successive nights in the castle without surrendering to fear of the evil spirits. Ail the kingdom revives; the soldier marries the princess. *BP II 330f. — Russian: Afanasiev 9.

411

The King and the Lamia. I. The Snake-Wife. A king sees, falls in love with, and marries a lovely girl who is actually a snake-woman [B29.i].

.!•]'(: i n i

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139

I I. Overcoming her Power, (a) His health deteriorates, (b) A fakir tells him to Ireel her salty food and to stay at night and watch her. (c) She assum es her snake form and goes for water. HI. The Ashes. (a) An oven is heated red-hot and she is pushed in. (b) Among the ashes is found a pebble capable of turning anything it touches into gold [D1469.10.1]. India 8. 412

The Maiden (Youth) with a Separable Soul in a Necklace [E711.4]. Gf. Types 302, 403, 425. I. Maiden's Life in Necklace. A maiden’s life depends upon her necklace which always must be kept in her possession. She marries a prince. A jealous girl steals the heroine’s necklace so that the heroine seemingly dies and the jealous girl takes her place. The body of the heroine is placed in a temple. She comes to life whenever her rival removes the necklace. The prince finds her body and recovers the necklace, or a son is born who recovers the necklace. The impostor is punished, or II. A Prince whose Soul is in a Necklace, seemingly dies when the necklace is stolen (by his stepmother). A maiden marries the prince and recovers the necklace. *Cosquin Contes Indincs 27—29. — India 7. 412 A* Young Man Bathes Successively in Springs of health, wealth, and wisdom and marries a fairy woman. Hungarian (412*) 7.

Unbaptized Child Stolen by Fairies found in barn, rescued, and married. Lithuanian (412*) 12. 412C* Enchanted Nymph shows man Treasure in Woods. Disenchantment. Spanish 15.

412B*

413

Marriage by Stealing Clothing. A youth comes upon a holy man (old wo­ man) in the forest [N825]. He is told not to go in a certain direction but does so [Z211] and sees three lovely maidens bathing. The holy man agrees to help him, turns him into a bird, tells him to steal the clothes of one of the bathing girls [H I335], and warns him not to look back, no matter what the provocation [G311]. The first time he does look back and is burned to a pile of ashes. The holy man restores him [El 21.5] and he succeeds on the second attempt. Gf. Types 400, 408. India 11.

413A*

Childless Woman Bears Pig which is disenchanted by witch taking off pig’s skin. Witch becomes pig and girl marries prince. Polish (413*) 7.

413B*

Girl Transformed to Fish as Mysterious Housekeeper.

Hero burns her fish-skin and

disenchants her. Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (**416) (Cuba) 7. 413G*

The Elephant Man. The hero goes hunting with a friend, but becomes tired and falls asleep. Beautiful enchanted princess speaks to him. The hero’s father ar­ ranges his marriage with another girl. The enchanted princess changes hero to

HO

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an elephant for six months, at end of which time enchantment is broken and they are married. Spanish-American: Hansen (**414) (Dominican Republic) 1. 422*

Intoxicated Dragon Abducts Queen. A king intoxicates a dragon chained in a castle. The dragon breaks loose and carries off the queen, telling the king that he will have to shed a barrel of tears to recover his queen. Polish 1.

424*

The Youth Wed to a She-Devil. The youth is worried by a succubus. He catches and marries her. Some years later his wifeJs brothers, in the form of ravens, come to invite them to a feast (wedding). There he is forbidden to laugh, look into a secret chamber, etc. As gifts (wife^s dowry) he gets two bags of coal which, taken home, turn to gold and a pair of horses, which turn out to be sinners trans­ formed to horses. Lithuanian (*424) 16.

425—449 H u s b a n d 425

The Search for the Lost Husband. Gf. also Types 430, 432, and 441. I. The Monster as Husband, (a) A monster is born because of a hasty wish of the parents, (b) He is a man at night, (c) A girl promises herself as bride to the monster, (c1) to recover stolen clothes or jewels, (c2) to escape from captivity in spring or well, (c3) or a girl seeks out or ac­ cidentally discovers a supernatural husband, (d) or her father promises her (d1) in order to secure a flower (lark) his daughter has asked him to bring from journey, (d2) to pay a gambling debt, or (d3) to escape from danger, (e) The father and daughter try in vain to send another girl as the monster’s bride. II. Disenchantment of the Monster, (a) The girl disenchants the monster (dwarf, bear, wolf, ass, snake, hog, hedgehog, frog, bird, or tree) by means of a kiss and tears, or (b) by burning the animal skin or (c) by decapitation, or (d) by other means. III. Loss of the Husband, (a) But she loses him because she has burned the animals skin too soon, or (b) has revealed his secret to her sisters, or (c) has broken other prohibitions, (c1) looking at him, (c2) kissing him, or (c3) staying too long at home. IV. Search for Husband, (a) She undergoes a sorrowful wandering in iron shoes, (b) gets magic objects from an old woman or from her own child, (c) asks her directions from the wind and stars, (d) climbs a steep glass mountain, (e) takes service as maid with witch who gives her impossible or dangerous tasks to perform, or (f) deceives importunate suitors. V. Recovery of Husband, (a) She buys with three jewels three nights by the side of her lost husband, and wins him back, or (b) disenchants him by affectionate treatment, (c) Sometimes she must go on a journey (as in Type 480) and be compassionate to people and objects.

Mo t i f s :

I. (1758.1. Monster born because of hasty (inconsiderate) wish of parents. D621.1. Animal by day; man by night. T i l l . Marriage of mortal and supernatural being. B640.1. Marriage to beast by day and man by night. S215.1. Girl promises herself to animal suitor. K1335. Seduction (or wooing) by stealing clothes of bathing girl (swan maiden). S240.1. Girl promised unwittingly by her parents to ogre. B620.1. Daughter promised to animal suitor. L221. Modest request: present from the journey. S228. Daughter promised to monster as bride to secure flower (bird) she asked for. S221.1. Bankrupt father sells his daughters in marriage to animals. S221.2. Youth sells himself to an ogre in settle­ ment of a gambling debt. S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save himself from danger or death. S241. Child unwittingly promised: »first thing you meet.» S252. Vain attempt to save promised child. L54.1. Youngest daughter agrees to marry monster; later the sisters are jealous. II. D735.1. Beauty and the beast. Disenchantment of animal by being kissed by woman (man). D711. Disenchantment by decapitation. D766.3. Disenchantment by tears. D721.3. Disenchantment by destroy­ ing skin (covering). III. C32. Tabu: offending supernatural husband. C932. Loss of wife (husband) for breaking tabu. G757.1. Tabu: destroying animal skin of enchanted person too soon. G421. Tabu: revealing secret of supernatural husband. C32.1. Tabu: looking at supernatural husband. C916.1. Trespass betrayed by dripping candle. G121. Tabu: kissing supernatural husband. C761.2. Tabu: staying too long at home. IV. H I385.4. Quest for vanished husband. Q502.2. Punishment: wandering till iron shoes are worn out. HI 125. Task: traveling till iron shoes are worn out. D1313.1. Magic ball indicates road. N825.3. Old woman helper. H I233.1.1. Old woman helps on quest. H I235. Suc­ cession of helpers on quest. One helper sends to another, who sends to another, etc. H I232. Directions on quest given by sun, moon, wind and stars. HI 114. Task: climbing glass mountain. Q482.1. Princess serves as menial. H I010. Impossible tasksv D2006.1.1. Forgotten fiancee re­ awakens husband’s memory by detaining lovers through magic. V. N681.1. Wife finds lost husband just as he is to marry another. D2006.1.4. Forgotten fiancee buys place in husband’s bed and re­ awakens his memory. D735.1. Disenchantment of animal by being kissed by woman. Q41. Politeness rewarded. **Swahn The Tale of Cupid and Psyche (Lund, 1955). For list and evaluation of other monographs on this cycle, see Swahn 395—418. See also references for 425A. — Finnish 8; Swedish 54 (Uppsala 13> Stock­ holm 7, Goteborg 8, Liungman 5, misc. 27); Norwegian 64, Solheim 4; Icelandic 3 (cf. 6); Scottish 1; Irish 220, Beal II 157ff., VI 72ff., VII 59ff., IX 66f. No. 4, XII suppl. 95—102, XX 3f. Nos. 2, 3, XXI 319; Basque (Delarue) 4; French 66; Spanish 7 (cf. *445 A, B) 2; Catalan:

142

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cf. Amades No. 6; German: Ranke 123, Meckl. No. 57, 58; Austrian: Haiding Nos. 17, 49, 42, 35; Italian D’Aronco Fabia 53, Pentamerone Introduction V No. 3, (Sicilian 73, Gonzenbach Nos. 15, 42, 43); Slo­ venian 5; Serbocroatian 9; Polish 12; Indonesian: DeVries No. 154. — Franco-American 43; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 153—156, 163, 166, 299 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 13. — African 5. Various forms of the type follow.1 425A The Monster [Animal) as Bridegroom (Cupid and Psyche). The maiden on quest for her vanished bridegroom. Various introductions: Present from journey, father promises daughter or daughter promises self. Jephthah’s vow. Attempt to evade promise. Sometimes: louse fattened (Cf. Type 621). Sometimes the husband is a vivified image. Tabu: looking, skin burning, gossip. Long wearisome search. Buying three nights to sleep with husband. Formula: old and new key. Note: Many references given for 425 undoubtedly belong here. **Swahn The Tale of Cupid and Psyche (Lund, 1955) (425B) 31, 278ff.; **E. Tegelhoff Amor und Psyche; **Stumfall Das Marchen von Amor und Pyyche (Leipzig, 1907); **I. M. Boberg »The Tale of Cupid and Psyche» Classica et Mediaevaiia I (1938) 177—216; **M. de Meyer »Amor et Psyche, etude compar6e de variants recueillis en France, en Belgique et en Allemagne» Folk-Liv II (1938) 197—210; *BP II 229ff., especially 245ff., I ll 37ff. (Grimm No. 127), IV 250 n.; *Delarue Arts et Traditions Populaires I 274. — Finnish 8 (425A, B); Finnish-Swedish 3 (425A and B); Estonian 16 (425A, B); Livonian 1; Lithuanian 15 (425A, B); Lappish 2 (425A, B); Swedish (misc.) 5 (4-25A, B); Danish 87, Grundtvig No. 26A; English 4; Spanish 1; Catalan: Amades Nos. 15, 47, 58, 129, 147, 187, cf. Nos. 22, 130, 131, 154, 157, 162, 173; German Archive 65; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabc 38 (Pentamerone I No. 5, II No. 5, II No. 9, V No. 4, Tuscan 425A b—e, i—p, u—aa, cc, dd, [879] a, b, [893], [897], cf. 425A t 19, Sicilian 75); Rumanian 29; Hungarian 28 (425A, B), D6gh No. 15; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 247—257 10; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 12; Polish (458) 2; Albanian: Lambertz No. 16; Greek 77, Loukatos No. 6, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 16, Dawkins 45 Stories 1141'.; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 90, 92, 95, 98, 102 III, 103, 104 III, 105 46; India 7. — English-American: Baughman (425A, B) 7; Spanish-American: Hansen (Chile) 4; (Dominican Re­ public) 4, (Puerto Rico) 5; American Indian: cf. (Zuni): Boas JAFL XXXV 66 No. 2; American Negro (Jamaica): Beckwith MAFLS XVII 130. 425B The Disenchanted Husband: the Witch's Tasks. Present from journey or other promise to supernatural husband, marriage. Tabu broken. Search 1 In general I have followed the divisions suggested by Swahn in his study, but because so many regional surveys have listed the Cupid and Psyche as 425A, that number has been retained and includes both Types 425A and B. Swahn’s type 425A is here called 425B. The rest o f the series corresponds with SwahiFs numbering.

for vanished husband leads to house of witch who has enchanted him. He roine. as servant, given difficult or impossible tasks. Sometimes visits lo second witch where objects or beings are to be treated with kindness (Cf. Type 480). Box not to be opened. Disenchantment by kiss or af­ fectionate treatment. (Swahn’s 425A.) **Swalm 291T., 25Iff. — Russian: Andrejev (425C) 5. — SpanishAmcrican: Hansen (Venezuela 425*D) 7, (Puerto Rico **429) 7. 425G Beauty and the Beast. Father stays overnight in mysterious palace and takes a rose'. Must promise daughter to animal (or she goes voluntarily). Tabu: overstaying at home. She finds the husband almost dead. Dis­ enchants him bv embrace. (No search, no tasks.) Analysis I b, c, d, II, III c3, V b. **Swahn 32, 296ff.; *BP II 229ff., especially 34ff. (Grimm No. 88); *De Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 76ff.; *Anderson Novelline No. 89; Coffin 12. — Finnish 12; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 3; Lithuanian 30; Swedish (misc.) 2; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 72, 125; Dutch 1; Flemish 8, Witteryck p. 301 8; German 24; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 39 (Tuscan 425A a, f—h, q—s, v, z, bb 10, Sicilian 2, Gonzenbach hlo. 9); Rumanian 1; Hungarian 7, (Berze Nagy 434**) 12; Czech: Tille S Stockholm 7, Liungman 7, misc. 2); Norwegian 3; Danish 6, Grundtvig No. 57 C; Irish 7; French 77; German 18; Austrian: Haiding No. 60 n.; Hungarian 10; Czech: Tillc (Soupis I 201) 8; Slovenian 2; SerboCroatian 7; Polish 4; Russian: Andrejev 2. — Franco-American 2. 475*

476*

480

A Touth Promises the Ogre the Sun in return for gold; is saved by the devil. Serves as the heater of the kettle of hell. Cf. Type 361. Lappish 7. In the Frog3s House. A woman promises to be the frog’s friend and is able to free the souls he keeps in his house. She does many favors for the frog’s wife: takes the frog’s child to be christened, sweeps the dust in the frog’s house and takes the garbage home with her. The garbage becomes gold. Hungarian: Berze Nagy 8 ( = Honti 332 II).

The Spinning-Women by the Spring. The Kind and the Unkind Girls. The real daughter and the stepdaughter by the spring, or the rolling cake. Cf. Types 403, 510A. I. Kind and Unkind Girls, (a) A real daughter and a stepdaughter or (b) two sisters or (c) other girls, one kind and one unkind, go from home, the kind girl first. II. Start of the Journey, (a) She falls into a well or climbs down or is pushed in for losing a spinning contest; or (b) she is sent for water to a well, spring, or river or (c) to gather wood (get food); or (d) she leaves home to seek service or (e) she is sent to a secluded spot or otherwiseabandoned ; or (f) she is assigned difficult or impossible tasks (gathering flowers at midwinter, etc.); or (g) she is sent from home for other reasons. III. The Pursuit. She pursues (a) objects which a river carries off (animal intestines which she must wash, etc.) or (b) cotton which the wind has blown away or (c) a bird which has flown away with an object or is lost, or (d) a rolling cake or ball. IV. Encounters en Route. In the course of the pursuit she encounters: (a) various animals which ask her help: (a1) cow (goat) to be milked (with pail on its horns), (a2) sheep to be sheared, (a3) horse (donkey) to be groomed, (a4) etc. (b) She is kind to an old man or old woman (louses or feeds them), (c) She obeys requests of objects, e.g. (c1) re­ moves bread from oven, (c2) oils or treats gently a gate or door, (c3) cleans or repairs a spring, (c4) shakes an apple tree, (d) She maintains silence about unusual sights. — (e) The grateful animals, persons or objects, (e1) help her later in her flight, (c2) reward her on her return, or (e3) forward her journey. V. End of the Journey. She arrives at the abode of (a) an old woman, (b) old man, (c) witch, (d) animals, (e) supernatural person (fairy, devil, giant, the twelve months) or (f) religious personage (Virgin Mary), (g)

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This is usually in the lower world, though sometimes (h) on the earth by a river, a spring or in a forest. VI. The Old Womarfs Tasks. Here she remains and is assigned tasks: (a) doing household or farm work; (b) cleaning, tending or feeding a person or supernatural being, e.g., (b1) lousing, (b2) giving drink of water, (b3) feeding, (b4) dealing gently with heads in a well; (c) cleaning or attending to animals; (d) maintaining polite conduct under difficult conditions; (e) doing impossible things,e.g., (e1) bringing water in a sieve, (e2) 'washing black wool white; (f) observing tabus (forbidden room, etc.), (g) She is given enigmatic commands and must do the opposite, (h) She is helped with the tasks, usually by animals. VII. The Reward, (a) She is offered as a reward for success with the tasks the choice (a1) between fine or common things or (a2) between attractive or ugly caskets, or (a3) objects which say »take me» and those which say »don’t take me»; (a4) she makes the modest choice and is rewarded, (b) Gold, gems, flowers fall from her mouth or hair and (c) she is made more lovely, (d) She is given wealth, jewels, clothes, etc. or (e) other good things. VIII. Kind and Unkind. When on her return home her sister learns of her success she attempts to have the same adventures, but is unkind and disobedient to everything and everyone and is punished (a) by dis­ figurements, e.g., (a1) frogs, etc. falling from her mouth, (a2) horse’s tail on her forehead, (a3) horns on her head; or (b) she is killed or severely beaten; (c) or she is made hideous, (d) When she makes the wrong choice of caskets she finds it filled with fire or snakes, or the like. — Analysis based on Roberts. Motifs: I. S31.5. Girl persuades her father to marry a widow who has treated her kindly. S31. Cruel stepmother. L55. Stepdaughter heroine. LI02. Unpromising heroine. L50. Victorious youngest daughter. II. SI46. Abandonment in pit. SI43. Abandonment: in forest. S338. Father abandons his daughter in forest and leaves axes tied so that they move in wind. S322. Children abandoned (driven forth) by hostile re­ lative. H934.3. Tasks assigned by stepmother. H I020. Tasks contrary to laws of nature. H1023.3. Task: bringing berries (fruit, roses) in winter. III. 131313. Magic objects point out road. N791. Adventures from pursuing object carried off by river. N777.2. Bucket dropped into well leads to adventures. N777.3. Flax dropped into well leads to adventures. N777.4. Spindle dropped into well leads to adventures. N777.1. Adven­ tures encountered in running after cotton being blown away by wind. N792. Adventures from pursuing objects carried off by bird. H I226. Pursuit of rolling cake leads to quest. HI 226.3. Pursuit of rolling golden apple leads to quest. H I226.4. Pursuit of rolling ball of yarn leads to quest.

IV. B350. Grateful animals. B344. Cow grateful for being milked. D1658. Grateful objects. D 1658.1. Objects repay kindness. D 1658.1.4. Continually slamming doors grateful for being fastened. D1658.1.5. Apple tree grateful for being shaken. D 1658.1.1. River grateful for being praised even when ugly. D 1658.1.3. Bitter water grateful for being praised. D1658.1.2. Figs grateful for being praised even when ill-tasting. N825.2. Old man helper. N825.3. Old woman helper. V. F93.1. River entrance to lower world. F92. Pit entrance to lower world. Z 122.3. The Twelve Months seated about a fire. G204. Girl in service of witch. VI. H935. Witch assigns tasks. Q41. Politeness rewarded. Q41.2. Re­ ward for cleansing loathsome person. G466. Lousing as task set by ogre. HI 192. Task: combing hair of fairies. G219.9. Witch’s back covered with nails and broken glass. Q42.1.1. Child divides last loaf with fairy (witch, etc.). H 1537.1. Bear demands that heroine play Blindman’s Buff. H I010. Impossible tasks. H I023.2. Task: carrying water in a sieve. H1023.6. Task: washing black wool (doth, cattle) white. C611. For­ bidden chamber. C337. Tabu: looking up chimney. Q62. Reward for ability to keep secrets. H580.1. Girl given enigmatic commands must do the opposite. H982. Animals help man perform task. VII. L211. Modest choice: three caskets type. J229.3. Choice: a big piece of cake with my curse or a small piece with my blessing. L215. Unpromising magic object chosen. C811.1. Tabu: heeding persuasive voice of magic drum. Not to pick up the drum that says »take me». L220. Modest request best. D 1454.2. Treasure falls from mouth. D1860. Magic beautification. Q l l l. Riches as reward. V III. Q2. Kind and unkind. M431.2. Curse: toads from mouth. D1870. Magic hideousness. **Roberts The Tale of the Kind and the Unkind Girls (Berlin, 1958); **Christiansen »A Norwegian Fairytale in Ireland?» Beal II 235ff.; *BP I 207 (Grimm No. 24); *Anderson Novelline No. 6; *Cosquin Contes indiens 509ff. — Finnish 108; Finnish-Swedish 17; Estonian 130; Livonian 7; Lithuanian 20, (*482) 63; Lappish 1; Swedish 129 (Uppsala 33, Stockholm 3, Goteborg 27, Lund 7, Liungman 22, misc. 37); Norwegian 45, Solheim 2; Danish 41, Grundtvig No. 37; Icelandic 8; Irish 81; English 5; French 29; Spanish: Espinosa Cuentos III 89—93; Catalan: Amades Nos. 24, 122; Flemish 3; German: Ranke 78; Austrian: Haiding Nos. 56, 72; Italian (Pentamerone IV No. 7, V No. 2, Tuscan 403A b—1, o, q, r, t—z, cf. 403A s. 17, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach Nos. 32, 34); Ru­ manian 9, (480A) 5, Sainenu 706; Hungarian 12, (Berze Nagy 481*, 403B*, 546) 21; Czech: Tille Soupis 1436—449,458f., cf. II (2) 415f. 16; Slovenian 21; Serbocroatian 9; Polish (431 A) 8; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 16 (480B), Afanasiev (480*B, *C, *E, *F) 53; Greek 19; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav cf. No. 68; India (480A 4- 480B) 18; Indonesian: DeVries I 365 No. 23. — Franco-American 8, English-American 9;

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Spanish-American: Hansen (**778) (Dominican Republic **447, **597, 806**A) 7, (Puerto Rico) 3, Rael No. 114 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 22. — African 25. 480* The Touth who Sold the Devil a Sausage with Blood [K141]. Lappish 1. 480A* Three Sisters Set out to Save their Little Brother. Two of the sisters pay no heed to the requests of the tree, the oven, etc., and are overtaken by the witch, who takes back their brother with her. The third does all she is asked to do; therefore, the grateful objects help her to recover her little brother from the clutches of the witch. Cf. Type 480. Lithuanian (*314C) 30. 480B* Girl Sent to Watchfor Fire. Kind and Unkind. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (3441*) 4; Russian: Andrejev (480F*) 2. 480G* Transporting White Bread to Hell. The poor brother brings his wealthy brother a gift of coarse white bread. — »Go to hell with your bread.» On his way to hell, he meets an old man who tells him what he is to do there. He saves many souls from hell and is rewarded by the old man. (He buys the sheep — redeemed souls). The wealthy brother also takes bread to hell, but through discourtesy to the old man he gets no counsel, and so falls a victim to the devils. Lithuanian 25; German: Plenzat p. 45. 485 Borma Jarizhka. On instructions of the tsar the hero sets off to Babylon to get the crown. He steals the crown and burns the snakes which were sent after him. He comes to a one-eyed giant, blinds him, and escapes from the cave under the belly of the giant (Cf. Type 1137). With a wild woman he begets a child and when he leaves her she breaks the baby in two. He helps a lion who brings him home. In spite of the lion’s pro­ hibitions, the drunkard boasts of his journey. In justification he shows the lion the power of intoxication, and gets him drunk. Russian: Andrejev (485A) 11. 485A* Only the episode with the woman on the island. Russian: Afanasiev (485B) 1. 485B* The Power of Hops. The magic helper of the hero, (bear, lion, etc.) forbids him, on pain of death, to praise him. The hero while drunk breaks this rule. In order to justify and save himself, he makes his helper drunk; while drunk the helper lets himself be bound. He acknowledges the power of hops and forgives the hero. Russian: Afanasiev (*485G) 8. * SUPERNATURAL HELPERS 500—501 T h e S p i n n i n g - W o m e n 500

The Name of the Helper (Titeliture, Rumpelstilzchen, Tom-Tit-Tot). The maiden learns the name cf her supernatural helper. I. Impossible Task, (a) A girl wedded to prince is compelled (to fulfill her mother’s false boasting) to spin an impossible amount of yarn or (b) to spin gold. Cf. Type 501.

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II. Bargain with the Helper, (a) A supernatural being agrees to help the girl (b) or to reward a man (c) but she must give him her child or (d) herself, (e) if she cannot within a certain time guess his name or (f) his age. III. The Helper Overcome, (a) By chance the name (age) is discovered, (b) the name is pronounced, and the helper vanishes. Motifs: I. H914. Tasks assigned because of mother’s foolish boasting. H I092. Task: spinning impossible amount in one night. H I021.8. Task: spinning gold. II. D2183. Magic spinning. Usually performed by a supernatural helper. S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save himself from danger or death. S222.1. Woman promises her unborn child to appease offended witch. H512. Guessing with life as wager. H521. Test: guessing unknown propounder’s name. H521.1. Test: guessing unknown pro­ pounder’s age. III. N475. Secret name overheard by eavesdropper. C432.1. Guessing name of supernatural creature gives power over him. **Clodd Tom-Tit-Tol; **Polivka Zs. f. Vksk. X 254—272, 325, 382— 396, 438f.; **von Sydow Tvd Spinnsagor; Liungman Rig (1941) 89ff., and Folkminncn och Folktankar (1943) 94ff.; Hartmann Trollvorstellungcn 170; Boberg FFC GLI 1Off.; Coffin 3; *BP I 490 (Grimm No. 55).‘— Finnish 70; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 16; Lithuanian 8; Swedish 47 fUppsala 13, Stockholm 5, Goteborg 12, Lund 4, Liungman 3, misc. 10); Norwegian 4, Solheim 2; Danish 90, Grundtvig No. 50A; Icelandic 4; Irish 171, Beal I 301f., I ll 467f. No. 10, V 221, VII 105, V III 150, X 44ff., XII 165; English 3; Basque 2; French 39; Spanish 1; Flemish 4; German: Ranke 96; Austrian: Haiding No. 46; Italian 3 (Tuscan [908] 1, Sicilian 2, Gonzenbach No. 84); Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 129—131 4; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 3; Rus­ sian: Andrejev; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Anlage A c 4. — FrancoAmerican 9; Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 2; West Indies (Negro) 26. 500* The Monster Reveals the Riddle. Students must count the peaks of a mountain; they go to sleep; the monster comes and thinks they are a many-headed monster; says that he walked through all the peaks of the mountain and tells their number. Thus they hear and solve the riddle. Polish (377*) 3. 501 The Three Old Women Helpers. Invited to the wedding. I. Spinning Assigned to Girl, (a) Through false boast of a girl’s mother, or (b) of the girl herself, or (c) false reports by jealous servants a girl is compelled to spin an impossible amount (cf. Type 500). (d) She is to marry the prince if successful. II. Bargain with Helpers, (a) She receives help from three old women spinners who have become deformed from their much spinning, (b) In payment she must invite them to her wedding.

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III. Guests at Wedding, (a) The three old women appear by invitation to the wedding. The prince exclaims in disgust. They tell him that spinning has deformed them. He says that he will never let his wife spin. Motifs: I. H914. Tasks assigned because of mother’s foolish boasting. H915. Task assigned because of girl’s (boy’s) own foolish boast. H911. Task assigned at suggestion of jealous rivals. H I092. Task: spinning impos­ sible amount in one night. T67. Prince offered as prize. II. G201.1. Three witches (hags) deformed from much spinning. G244. Witch spins. D2183. Magic spinning. Usually performed by a supernatural helper. N233. Three deformed witches invited to wedding in exchange for help. III. H51. Sight of deformed witches causes man to release wife from spinning duty. They tell that their deformity has come from too much spinning. **von Sydow Tvd Spinnsagor. — Finnish 72; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 2; Livonian 3; Lappish 1; Lithuanian 15; Swedish 18 (Uppsala 4, Stockholm 5, Goteborg 3, Lund 1, Liungman 2, misc. 3 ); Norwegian 8; Danish 14, Grundtvig No. 50B; Irish 97, Beal IX 58ff.; English 2; French 12; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades No. 181; Flemish 1; German: Ranke 32, Meckl. No. 67; Italian 2 (Pentamerone IV No. 4, Tuscan [860] 1, Sicilian 1); Rumanian (1405 I — 501 III) 3; Hungarian 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 131 —134 4; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 15; Russian: Andrejev 1, Andrejev Ukraine 2; Greek 5; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 371 6. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1; West Indies (Negro) 1. 502

The Wild Man. The prince sets the prisoner free. The latter becomes his servant and helper. (The Ride on the Glass Mountain; cf. Type 530. Rescue of the Princess from the Dragon, cf. Type 300. Service as Shep­ herd; War or Other Adventures). The youth wins the princess. (For the whole tale cf. Type 314.) I. In the Wild Man’s Service, (a) A ptince frees a wild man (Iron John) out of the cage wherein he has been confined by the king; or (b) the prince flees from his cruel stepmother; or (c) the wild man brings about the birth of a son to childless parents and receives the promises to give him the boy at a specified time. II. Escapefrom the Wild Man. (a) At the wild man’s house where he has disobeyed instructions, the youth acquires golden hair and (b) is freely let go, or (c) flees on a speaking horse. III. Gardener Disguise, (a) He covers his gold hair with a hat or cloth and serves as gardener at the palace, (b) The princess falls in love with him. IV. The Tournament. At a tournament he appears three times on a

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splendid horse which the wild man has furnished him and wins the hand of the princess. V. Other Accomplishments. He shows his noble qualities fa) as victor in a battle, (b) as dragon-slayer (cf. Types 300, 303), (c) as bringer of a remedy for the sick king (cf. Type 551), or (d) in a hunt in which he humiliates his proud brothers-in-law. VI. Disenchantment. The wild man or the helpful horse is disenchaned. Motifs: I. F567. Wild man lives alone in wood like beast. G671. Wild man released from captivity aids hero. S31. Gruel stepmother. S211. Child sold (promised) to devil (ogre). S223. Childless couple promise child to devil if they may only have one. II. C611. Forbidden chamber. Person allowed to enter all chambers of house except one. B316. Abused and pampered horses. Hero is ordered by ogre to feed and care for certain horse and to neglect other horse. Latter is enchanted prince and helps hero. D672. Obstacle flight. Fugi­ tives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer’s path. II. K1818.2. Scald-head disguise. K1816.1. Gardener disguise. H311. Inspection test for suitors. Suitors for princess’s hand must present them­ selves for public inspection. H316. Suitor test: apple thrown indicates princess’s choice. (Often golden apple). H75.4. Recognition by golden hair. IV. H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. R222. Unknown knight. (Three Days’ Tournament). V. H55.1. Recognition through branding with hoof-marks. H56. Re­ cognition by wound. VI. D700. Person disenchanted. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. **Hartmann Trollvorstellungen 172; *BP III 94 (Grimm No. 136); See Comment in Ranke Schleswig-Holsteinische Volksmarchen I 169; Arts et Traditions Populaires I 279. — Finnish 28; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 11; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 15; Lappish 1; Swedish 16 (Uppsala 5, Lund 1, misc. 10); Norwegian 1; Danish 77, Grundtvig No. 8B; Irish 1; French 16; Dutch 2; Flemish 2; German 16; Rumanian 10; Hungarian 10; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 29—32 2, (alsopp.5ff.) 6, (pp. 48ff.) 2, Soupis I 290ff.,II (2) 278—281 16; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 5; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 7, Afanasiev 16; Greek 4. — Franco-American 12; West Indies (Negro) 3. 503

The Gifts of the Little People. Dwarfs take hump from hunchback and place it on another man. I. The Dwarfs' Favor. (a) A wanderer takes part in a dance of the witches or people from below the earth (elves, dwarfs) or plays for them; or (b) adds to their song by naming more days of the week; or (c) compla­ cently lets them cut his hair and shave him.

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IL The Reward. (a) They remove his hump; or (b) give him gold. III. The Companion Punished. (a) His avaricious and bungling com­ panion is given the hump or (b) receives coal instead of gold. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. F261. Fairies dance. F340. Gifts from fairies. F331.1. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by joining in their dance. F331.2. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by letting them cut his hair and shave him. F331.3. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by joining in their song and completing it by adding the names of the days of the week. F331.4. Mortal wins fairies’ gratitude by playing for their dance. II. F344.1. Fairies remove hunchback’s hump (or replace it). F342. Fairies give mortal money. F451.5.1.4. Dwarfs’ gold. Seemingly worth­ less gift given by dwarfs turns to gold. F342.1. Fairy gold. Fairies give coals (wood, earth) that turns to gold. III. N471. Foolish attempt of second man to overhear secrets (from animals, demons, etc.). Fie is punished. J2415. Foolish imitation of lucky man. Because one man has had good luck a numskull imitates and thinks he will have equal luck. He is disappointed. **Greverus Die Geschenke des kleinen Volkes Fabula I 263ff.; *BP III 324 (Grimm No. 182); *De Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 9Iff.; Coffin 1. — Finnish-Swedish (502*) 7; Lithuanian 5; Lappish (502*) 1; Swedish 5 (Uppsala 3, misc. 2); Danish 2; Scottish 7; Irish 279, Beal I 65f., II 10, III 211, VI 169ff. No. 161, VII 62; French 43; Spanish 1; Catalan: Amades No. 1444; Dutch 7; Flemish (502*) F2, Witteryck (p. 273) 15; Walloon 2; German: Ranke 22; Italian 10 (Tuscan 6', Fruili 5, Sicilian 1); Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 126f. 1; Slovenian 3; Polish 1; Greek: Dawkins 45Stories No 25; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 118, cf. 117 3; Persian: Masse No. 10; India 3; Japenese: Anesaki 283, Mitford 191. — Franco-American 4; English-American 1; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 255, 256 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 6; West Indies (Negro) 2. 503* Series of Helpful Dwarfs. Icelandic (505*) 3. 505—508 T h e G r a t e f u l D e a d Danish 30; Irish 283, Beal I 46ff., 167ff., 283ff., IV 292ff., VI 275ff., VII 62ff., 180ff. XI 5Off., XV 157ff., 263ff., XIX 134ff.; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 22f.; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 63, 215 IV. 505 Dead Man as Helper. Through the assistance of the dead man the hero wins the princess and the castle [E341.1]. (For detailed relationship see Types 506—508. Cf. also Types 513—514, and 545A and B.) **Liljeblad Die Tobiasgeschichte und andere Marchen mit toten Helfern

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(Lund, 1927); **Gerould The Grateful Dead (London, 1908); *BP III 490 (Grimm No. 217); Coffin L — Finnish 1; Estonian 7; Lappish 3; Danish 3, Grundtvig No. 67A; Scottish 1; Catalan: Amades No. 149, German 4; Hungarian 7, Degh No. 19; Slovenian 1; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 2; Dawkins Kyriakides Volume 154ff.; India (505A Irid) 3. — Franco-American 9; West Indies (Negro) 6'. 506

The Rescued Princess. I. The Grateful Dead Man. (a) The hero ransoms a corpse from creditors who refuse its burial, (b) The grateful dead man in the form of an old man, a servant, or a fox later helps the hero on condition that they are to divide all winnings. II. The Princess in Slavery, (a) The hero ransoms a princess from slavery and marries her. (b) The king has learned her whereabouts by means of a cloth or flag which she has sewed, and has sent the hero for her; or (c) the hero rescues a princess from robbers and flees with her to her father’s home. III. Overboard. The hero is thrown overboard by a rival but is rescued by a dead man and finally brought to the princess. IV. Recognition. He is recognized by means of (a) a ring thrown into a cup, (b) by recounting his life history by means of a picture, (c) or other­ wise. V. The Dividing in Halves. The dead man demands has half and exacts the dividing of the princess (or the child), but relents and reveals his identity. — Adapted from Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte pp. 39f. Motifs: I. Q271.1. Debtor deprived of burial. E341.1. Dead grateful for having corpse ransomed. Corpse is being held unburied because of nonpayment of debts. Hero pays debt and secures burial of corpse. M241. Bargain: to divide all winnings. T66.1. Grateful dead man helps hero win princess. II. R61. Person sold into slavery. R111.1.6. Princess ransomed from slavery. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. H35.3. Recognition by unique needlework. H I385.1. Quest for stolen princess. R111.1.2. Princess rescued from robbers. III. SI42. Person thrown into the water and abandoned. K 1931.1. Impostors throw hero overboard into sea. SI45. Abandonment on an island. R163. Rescue by grateful dead man. B541.2. Fox rescues man from sea. T68.1. Princess offered as prize to rescuer. IV. H94.4. Identification by ring dropped in glass (cup) of wine. HI 1.1. Recognition by telling life history. V. M241.1. Dividing the winnings: half the bride demanded. Most of the following references to Type 506 refer to 506B. **Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; Arts et Traditions Populaircs I 274; Coffin 6. — Finnish 108; Finnish-Swedish 15; Lithuanian 19; Lappish 4; Nor­ wegian 7, Solheim 1; Icelandic 2; Scottish 3; French 31; Spanish 4;

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Catalan: Amades No. 197; Flemish 7; German: Ranke 41; Austrian: Haiding No. 6; Hungarian 6; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 4; Polish 6; Greek 5; Indonesian: DeVries No. 173. — Spanish-American: RaelNos. 98, 99 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 3, (Dominican Republic) 2, (Puerto Rico) 2; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 344 n. 1—2; West Indies (Negro) 3. The two forms of the type follow: 506A The Princess Rescuedfrom Slavery. See analysis: I a, b; II a; III; IV; V. Swedish 5 (Uppsala 3, Liungman 7, misc. 1); Danish 13; Catalan: Amades No. 87; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 21 Off., Soupis I 468ff. 9; Serbocroatian 6; Russian: Andrejev; India L — Franco-American 30. 506B The Princess Rescuedfrom Robbers. See analysis: I a, b; II c; III; IV. Swedish 11 (Uppsala 4, Stockholm 7, Lund 7, Liungman 7); Danish 77, Grundtvig No. 67B; Dutch 2; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 210; Russian: Andrejev. — Franco-American 10; American Indian: Thomp­ son C Coll II 404ff.; Jamaica Negro: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 152, 284. 506* Prophecy Escaped. A child is born in answer to prayer [T548.1]. Prophecy: hanging when 20 years old [M341.1.4]. Is helped by companion whom he chooses be­ cause of his modest choice (or by a saint). Helper demands half of winnings. Princess is to be divided [M241.1], Cf. Type 934B. Spanish (*936) 1; Catalan: Amades No. 379. 506** The Grateful Saint. The hero redeems a sainFs maltreated picture and is after­ wards rewarded by the grateful saint [N848.1]. Lithuanian 12. 507A The Monster's Bride. I. The Grateful Dead Man. See Type 506 I. II. The Monster Husband. The hero woos a princess whose former suitors have all come to misfortune and whose heads have been stuck on poles. With the help of the dead man who has taken the necessary magic means from three giants, he succeeds in the tests assigned: finding objects which she hides, and in killing the evil monster with whom she is enamored. III. Rendering the Princess Harmless. The dead man by means of beating, burning, or bathing takes from her the remaining magic power. IV. The Dividing in Half. See Type 506 V. Motifs: II. T 172.0.1. All husbands have perished on bridal night. H901.1. Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task. H972. Tasks accomplished with help of grateful dead. D833. Magic object acquired by tricking the giant. D381. Magic object acquired by trick exchange. By means of second magic object hero recovers first. H322.1. Suitor test: finding object hidden by princess. T118. Girl (man) married to (en­ amored of) a monster. T172.2.1. Grateful dead man kills princess’s monster husband. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess.

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III. D712.5. Disenchantment by beating. D766.1. Disenchantment by bathing. **Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; **Hartmann Trollvorstcllungen 160; *BP III 83. — Finnish (507) 8; Finnish-Swedish (507) 4; Lithuanian 3; Lappish (507) 7; Swedish 10 (Uppsala 2, Goteborg 2, Lund 7, Liungman 7, misc. 4); Norwegian (507) 16, Solheim (507) 2 ; Danish (507) 27, Grundtvig No. 68; English 2; Catalan: Amades No. 126; German: Ranke 7; Austrian: Haiding No. 53 (507); Hungarian (507) 13\ Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 210, cf. 220; Polish (507) 10; Russian: Andrejev 7; Greek: Hahn No. 114; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 63 III 10. — Franco-American 4. 507B The Monster in the Bridal Chamber. I. The Grateful Dead Man. See Type 506 (I). II. The Monster in the Bridal Chamber. All bridegrooms of a princess have perished during the bridal night [T172.0.1], The hero marries her on advice of the grateful dead man who kills the dragon (or serpent) who comes into the chamber to kill the bridegroom [T172.2.1]. III. The Dividing in Half. See Type 506 (V). The dead man cleanses the princess of enchantment by cutting her in two so that her serpent brood is driven from her body. **Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte; BP III 490ff., 494; *Wesselski Marchen 201ff., No. 12. — Lithuanian 7; Italian (Sicilian 7, Gonzenbach No. 89); Rumanian (507 I*) 3; Russian: Afanasiev 5; Greek: Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales Nos. 36, 48, 45 Stories No. 14; India 2. 507G The Serpent Maiden. I. The Grateful Dead Man. See Type 506 (I). II. The Serpent Maiden [F582]. All bridegrooms of a princess have perished during the bridal night. The hero marries her and the dead man saves his life by killing the serpent (serpents) that creeps from the mouth of the bride to strangle the bridegroom [T172.2]. *Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte. See also references to Type 507 A and B. — Lithuanian (*306A) 3; Catalan: Amades No. 10; Rumanian (306A*); Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 217ff., Soupis I 48Iff. 7; Russian: Andrejev 2; Greek 7, Dawkins Kyriakides Volume 164, Dawkins Modern Greek Folk­ tales Nos. 36, 48, 45 Stories No. 14; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 62 12; Aramaic: Bergstrasser No. 17; Arab (lower Euphrates): G. G. Campbell 77; India 18. — Franco-American 7; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 317—320 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 7; American Indian (Thompson River): Teit JE VIII 385 No. 93. 508

The Bride won in a Tournament. I. The Grateful Dead Man. See Type 506 (I). II. The Tournament. The hero wins a bride in a tournament [H331.2] by means of a horse or of weapons which he has received from the dead man [H972].

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III. The Dividing in Half. See Type 506 (V). **Liljeblad Tobiasgeschichte. — Lithuanian 3; Swedish (misc.) 2; Danish 1; Spanish 1 (508*A); Slovenian 9; Russian: Andrejev (508A) 3. 508*

Dead M an Performs D ifficidt Tasks. H e b u ild s a ch u rch , etc. R u ssia n : A n d rejev (508*B )

2.

510 Cinderella and Cap o’ Rushes. I. The Persecuted Heroine, (a) The heroine is abused by her stepmother and stepsisters and (a1) stays on the hearth or in the ashes and, (a2) is dressed in rough clothing — cap of rushes, wooden cloak, etc., (b) flees in disguise from her father who wants to marry her, or (c) is cast out by him because she has said that she loved him like salt, or (d) is to be killed by a servant. II. Magic Help. While she is acting as servant (at home or among strangers) she is advised, provided for, and fed (a) by her dead mother, (b) by a tree on the mother’s grave, or (c) by a supernatural being or (d) by birds, or (e) by a goat, a sheep, or a cow. (f) When the goat (cow) is killed, there springs up from her remains a magic tree. III. Meeting the Prince, (a) She dances in beautiful clothing several times with a prince who seeks in vain to keep her, or she is seen by him in church, (b) She gives hints of the abuse she has endured as servant girl, or (c) she is seen in her beautiful clothing in her room or in the church. IV. Proof of Identity, (a) She is discovered through the slipper-test or (b) through a ring which she throws into the prince’s drink or bakes in his bread, (c) She alone is able to pluck the gold apple desired by the knight. V. Marriage with the Prince. VI. Value of Salt. Her father is served unsalted food and thus learns the meaning of her earlier answer. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. S31. Gruel stepmother. L55. Stepdaughter heroine. L52. Abused youngest daughter. L102. Unpromising heroine. L I31. Hearth abode of unpromising hero (heroine). K521.1. Escape by dressing in animal (bird, human) skin. K 1821.9. Disguise in wooden covering. F821.1.4. Wooden coat. F821.1.3. Dress of raw fur. M255. Deathbed promise concerning the second wife. H3G3.1. Bride test: wearing deceased wife’s clothes. T411.1. Lecherous father. S322.1.2. Father casts daughter forth when she will not marry him. T311.1. Flight of maiden to escape mar­ riage. H592.1. Love like salt. K512. Compassionate executioner. Servant charged with killing the heroine arranges her escape. II. E323.2. Dead mother returns to aid persecuted daughter. E366. Return from dead to give counsel. D815.1. Magic object received from mother. D842.1. Magic object found on mother’s grave. E631. Re­

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incarnation in plant (tree) growing from grave. N810. Supernatural helpers. F311.1. Fairy godmother. N815. Fairy as helper. D813. Magic object received from fairy. D 1473.1. Magic wand furnishes clothes. D 1050.1. Clothes produced by magic. D1111.1. Carriage produced by magic. F861.4.3. Carriage from pumpkin. D411.6.1. Transformation: mouse to horse. D315.1. Transformation: rat to person. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. B313.1. Helpful animal reincarnation of parent. The dead mother appears to the heroine in the form of an animal. B450. Helpful bird. E611.4. Man reincarnated as goat. B413. Helpful goat. B400. Helpful sheep. B411. Helpful cow. B394. Cow grate­ ful for being milked. E611.2. Reincarnation as cow. D 1470.1. Magic wishing object causes wishes to be fulfilled. D 1470.2. Provisions received from magic object. D 1470.2.1. Provisions received from magic tree. D1470.2.3. Horn of plenty (cornucopia). B115.1. Ear-cornucopia. Animal furnishes treasure or supplies from its ears. B 100.2. Magic animal supplies treasure. D842.3. Magic object found on grave of slain helpful animal. B100.1. Treasure found in slain helpful animal. B335. Helpful animal killed by hero’s enemy. E631. Reincarnation in plant (tree) growing from grave. D950. Magic tree. D1658. Grateful objects. D 1658.1. Objects repay kindness (cf. Type 480). III. N711.6. Prince sees heroine at ball and is enamored. C761.3. Tabu: staying too long at ball. Must leave before certain hour. R221. Heroine’s three-fold flight from ball. R255. Formula for girl fleeing: behind me night, etc. N711.4. Prince sees maiden at church and is en­ amored. N712. Prince first sees heroine as she comes forth from her hiding-box. H151.6.2. Recognition because of imperfection of disguise. H I51.5. Attention attracted by hints dropped by heroine as menial: re­ cognition follows. H I51.6. Heroine in menial disguise discovered in her beautiful clothes: recognition follows. IV. K2212.1. Treacherous stepsisters. H ill. Identification by garment. H36.1. Slipper test. Identification by fitting of slipper. K1911.3.3.1. False bride’s mutilated feet. F823.2. Glass shoes. J 1 146.1. Detection by pitch-trap. Pitch is spread so that footprints are left in it, or that shoe is left behind as clue. H94-.4. Identification by ring dropped in glass of wine. H94.2. Identification by ring baked in bread. D 1648.1.1. Tree bends only to heroine. H31.12. Only one person able to pluck fruits from tree. V. L I62. Lowly heroine marries prince. VI. H592.1. Love like salt: the value of salt. **Rooth The Cinderella Cycle (Lund, 1951); * *Cox Cinderella (London, 1893); *R. Th. Christiansen »Ginderella in Ireland)) Beal XX 96—107; Coffin 17. — Finnish-Swedish 23; Swedish 46 (Uppsala 19, Goteborg 19, Lund 9); Norwegian: Solheim 5; Danish 68; Irish 293, Beal I 366ff., II 333, 363f. No. 3, III 69ff., 457f. No. 3, VI 293ff., VII 65, V III 3f. No. 2, IX 66f. No. 5, XI 83f. No. 35, XX 3f. No. 3; Dutch 1; Austrian: Haiding

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No. 52; Slovenian 10; Serbocroatian 3; Chinese: Graham No. 76 p. 266. — West Indies (Negro) 30. Two forms of the type follow. See also Type 511. 510A Cinderella. The two stepsisters. The stepdaughter at the grave of her own mother, who helps her (milks the cow, shakes the apple-tree, helps the old man; cf. Type 480). Three-fold visit to church (dance). Slipper test. See analysis: I a; II a, b; III a; IV a; V. **Rooth The Cinderella Cycle (Lund, 1951); **Cox Cinderella (London, 1893); *BPT 165 (Grimm No. 21); *Loukatos in Parnassos (Athenai, 1959) I 463—485; Arts et Traditions Populaircs I 280; *Parsons MAFLS XV (2) 170; S. Morosoli A Theoretical Reconstruction of the Original Cinder­ ella Story (Stanford University, 1930) ; M. J. Woods A Study of the Cinder­ ella Story in the Spanish Folklore of New Mexico and Colorado (Stanford Uni­ versity, 1948); Arthur Waley »The Chinese Cinderella Story» Folklore LVIII 226ff.; *Anderson Novelline No. 12; *Espinosa II 414—421. — Finnish 141; Estonian 17; Livonian 3; Lithuanian 15; Lappish 14; Swedish 25 (Stockholm 7, Liungman 13, misc. 11); Norwegian 43; Danish: Grundtvig No. 47; Basque 1; French 37; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades No. 4; Flemish 5, Wittcryck p. 294 13; German: Ranke 47; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 27 (Tuscan 403A m, n, 510 a—c 5, Pentamerone I No. 6, Fruili 1, Sicilian 3, Gonzenbach No. 32); Rumanian 11, Sainenu 725; Hungarian 21; Czech: Tille Soupis I 38Iff., II (1) 242ff. 22; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 21; Polish 18; Russian: Afanasiev 6; Greek 29, Hahn No. 2, Loukatos No. 12, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 21, 45 Stories No. 14; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 60, 240 III 23; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 83ff.; India 8; Indonesian: DeVries No. 174; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 52ff. No. 32. — Franco-American 21; English-American: Baughman 2; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 106—108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 116—118, 237 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 1, (Cuba) 4, (Puerto Rico) 8; West Indies (Negro) 1; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 382ff. 510B The Dress of Gold, of Silver, and of Stars. (Cap o’ Rushes). Present of the father who wants to marry his own ^laughter. The maiden as servant of the prince, who throws various objects at her. The three-fold visit to the church and the forgotten shoe. Marriage. Cf. Type 451. See analysis: I b, III a; IV (a), b; V. **Rooth The Cinderella Cycle; **Cox Cinderella (London, 1893); *BP II 45 (Grimm No. 65); Arts et Traditions Populaircs I 275; Espinosa II 406—421; *Anderson Novelline Nos. 90, 91. — Finnish 2; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 39; Swedish 46 (Uppsala 8, Stockholm 2, Goteborg 19, Liungman 3, misc. 14); Norwegian 3; Danish: Grundtvig No. 47; English 2; Basque 3; French 26; Spanish 7; Catalan: Amades Nos. 4, 24, 65, 133, 139 n., cf. 48, 106, 134, 369; German: Ranke 27; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe (Pentamerone II No. 6, Tuscan 4-03A a, 510 Via, 923 a—s 19, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach No. 38); Rumanian (871*) 6; Hungarian 12, 12

Degh No. 20; Czech: Tillc Soupis II (!) 9 Iff. 8; Slovenian 2; Scrbucroatian 10; Polish 15; Russian: Afanasiev 13; Greek: Archive 16, Laographia XV 323ff., 45 Stories No. 14; Argcnti-Rose Chios I 445ff., Loukatos No. 13, Hahn No. 27; Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 188 III, 189, 244, 245 III 35; India 11; Franco- American 15; English-American: Baughman 4; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 106—108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 116—118, 237 (U.S.), Hansen (Cuba) 2, (Dominican Republic) 3, (Puerto Rico) 5; West Indies (Negro) 4. 510A* The Golden Shoe in the Cave. A girl buries her only lamb in a cave and leaves there a golden shoe. A prince sees it and will marry none but the owner of the shoe. The girl presents three such shoes and wins the prince. [H36.1]. Italian (Sicilian 512* 1). 511

One-Eye, Two-Eyes, Three-Eyes [F512.1, F512.2.1.1]. Two-Eyes (or a stepdaughter) is abused by her mother [SI2]. She has to act as goat­ herd and she becomes hungry. A wise old woman [N825.3] provides the maiden with a magic table flD1153] and food [D1031]. The sisters spy upon her [D830.1]. Gold-producing tree from animal’s entrails [B100.1, D1461, D 1470.2.1]. The wonderful tree whose fruit Two-Eyes alone can pluck [D590, H 31.12]. She becomes the wife of a lord [L162]. Cf. Tvpc 403. For analysis see Type 510: I a; II c, e, f; IV c; V. **Rooth The Cinderella Cycle; **Cox Cinderella; *BP III 60 (Grimm No. 130); *Krappe FL XXXIV (1923) 141ff.; Coffin 1; *Wesselski Deutsche Marchen vor Grimm 7ff., 9Iff, 304ff. ■ — Finnish 16; FinnishSwedish 1; Estonian 10; Livonian 3; Lithuanian (*481) 55; Swedish 18 (Uppsala 1, Stockholm 1, Liungman 2, misc. 14); Danish 4; Scottish /, Irish 130, Beal VII 197f. No. 3; French 21; Dutch 1; German: Ranke 16; Austrian: Haiding No. 50; Hungarian 3; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 8; Russian: Afanasiev 11; Greek 3; India 13. — Franco-Amcrican 2; English-American: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Rael No. 112 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 2.

5I1A The Little Red Ox. Cf. Type 302 I*. I. The Ox Helper. A stepbrother of One-Eye, Two-Eyes and ThreeEyes is cruelly treated by his stepmother and stepsisters. He is assisted by a magic ox which furnishes him food from his removable horn. II. Spying on the Ox. The stepsisters try to spy on him, but he puts them to sleep except for a single eye. The stepmother feigns illness and de­ mands the meat of the ox. III. Flight. The ox carries the boy on his horns through woods of copper, silver, and gold, where they pick twigs and must fight successive animal guardians. The ox is eventually killed. IV. Magic Horn. The boy takes the ox’s horn, which furnishes him property and leads to success. (The tale may lead into Type 590.)

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Motifs: I. S31. Cruel stepmother. S34. Cruel stepsisters. F512.1. One-eyed person. F512.2.1.1. Three-eyed person. B411.2. Helpful ox. D1470.2.3. Horn of plenty. HI 15.1. Ear-cornucopia. Animal furnishes treasure or supplies from its ears (horn). B 184.2.3.1. Magic bull to be flayed. II. D830.1. Attempt to learn about magic object by spying. D1961. Magic watchful eye remains awake while many other eyes sleep. B335.2. Feigned illness to take life of helpful animal. III. B551.1. Man carried on animal’s horns. F811.1. Trees of extra­ ordinary material (copper, silver, gold). C513. Tabu: breaking twig. B576. Animal as guard. IV. B505. Magic object received from animals. B115. Animal with horns of plenty. *BP III 65; *Cox Cinderella p. 455; A. Kovacs »The Hungarian Folk­ tale Catalogue in Preparation)) Acta Ethnographica (Budapest) IV (1955) 457ff.; Thompson Folktale p. 129; *Rooth The Cinderella Cycle 135ff.; Arts et Traditions Popidaircs I 178. — Icelandic ^302 I*) 9; French (511*) 2; Hungarian: Honti (535) 4, Berze Nagy (469*, 340*) 23; Serbocroatian 2; Egypt (modern): Artin Pasclia 1111; Gypsy: Groome 203 No. 53; India 8. — Franco-American 18; American Indian (Wyandot): Thompson C Coll II 415. 511A* The Helpful Cow. A girl is treated cruelly by an old woman with whom she lives. For lack of food she faints in the stable. When she revives, a cow is licking her face. The latter tells her to pull off her right horn and she will find whatever she wants. From the horn come many good things to eat. The girl forgets to cut wood and the old woman beats her. The cow tells her that the old woman is a witch and is going to kill her. The cow carries the girl to an enchanted field guarded by serpents and lions belonging to a fairy. They pass through it success­ fully. The next field is much the same but they make noise and arc attacked. Both are wounded but they manage to escape. The cow dies and becomes an angel and flies to Heaven. Spanish-American: Hansen (**542) (Cuba) L 512* The Sister Driven from Home. The elder sisters [K2212] drive the youngest away. On the advice of an old man [N825] she takes service at a castle. The old man in the chest gives good advice. The son of the lord of the castle pledges himself to the girl [LI62]; wants to see her castle. The old man shows her how to provide the castle [D1131.1]. Cf. Type 545. Finnish (512); Russian: Andrejev. 512A* The Stepdaughter Driven from Home. A stepfather forces a girl to leave home and tells her never to return. She finds refuge in the home of another couple. One day while his wife is away the husband asks her to marry him. She flees (cf. Type 510 I c). She wanders to an old woman's house in the woods. The latter gives her a hunter's suit, with which she disguises as man and travels through the woods unrecognized by bandits. She acts as page for a queen who falls in love with her. She is assigned task of securing a feather of a certain bird. An old man tells her that the queen is a witch and how to secure the feather. She returns with it to he queen who proposes marriage again and asks her to kill the king. When the girl refuses, the queen tells the king that the girl is a witch. The king orders her burned. The feather becomes a bird that tells the queen that the page

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is a girl and the king that the queen is a witch. The queen is burned and the king marries the girl. Cf. Types 425K, 434, 514, 514**, 881*. Spanish-American: Hansen (Cuba) 1. 512B* The Ghost is Avenged. Youngest of three sisters follows a mysterious dog into a deserted palace. The sisters watch in turn and hear voice crying »I am coming)) |H 1411.1, E373.1]. The youngest answers and ghost comes and begs to have her murder avenged. The girl entices the murderer, gives him a soporific and kills him. She is rewarded with the palace. Gf. Type 326 II e. Italian (Sicilian **512 3, Gonzenbach No. 78). 513, 514 The Helpers. (Cf. Type 653). I. The Hero. (a) The hero unlike his elder brothers has been kind to an old man (b) who helps him provide a ship that goes both on land and water (c) for the building of which the king will give his daughter in marriage. — (d) The hero is aided by a grateful dead man (cf. Type 506). II. The Companions. The hero is joined one after the other by extra­ ordinary companions: (a) a man so strong that he pulls up trees, (b) one who shoots the left eye of a fly at two miles5 distance, (c) a great blower, (d) a great hearer, (e) great runner, (f) a withstander of cold, (g) etc. III. Help of the Companions. They help the hero (a) defeat the princess in a race for her hand, (b) perform tasks set by the king or enchantress: (c) eating, (d) drinking, (e) withstanding cold, (f) carrying off money, (g) bringing a ring from the sea, (h) guarding a maiden, (i) bringing a maiden, (j) bringing a magic remedy, (k) annihilating a pursuing army, etc. Motifs: I. Q2. Kind and unkind. L I3. Compassionate youngest son. N825.2. Help from old man. D 1533.1.1. Magic land and water ship. H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. H331. Suitor contest: bride offered as prize. H972. Tasks accomplished with help of grateful dead. II. F601. Extraordinary companions. A group of men with extra­ ordinary powers travel together. F621. Strong man: tree-puller. Can up­ root all trees. F622. Mighty blower. Man turns mill with his blowing. F661.5.3. Skillful marksman shoots left eye of fly at two miles. F641.1. Man can hear grass (wool) grow. F641.2. Man can hear ant leave nest fifty miles away. F641.3. Man can hear one sleeping by putting ear to ground. F681.1. Marvellous runner keeps leg tied up. To prevent him him from running away. F685. Marvellous withstander of cold. F633. Mighty drinker. Drinks up whole pool of water, or the like. F632. Mighty eater. Eats whole ox at a time, or the like. D2144.1.2. Man with power to make everything freeze wears cap over his ear to prevent this. III. F601.2. Extraordinary companions help hero in suitor tests. H331.5.1. Race with princess for her hand. F601.1. Extraordinary companions perform hero’s tasks. H1450.1. Waking contest. HI 114.

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Task: eating enormous amount. HI 142. Task: drinking enormous amount. H1512. Cold test. Attempt to freeze hero to death. H1511. Heat test. Attempt to kill hero by burning him in fire. HI 127. Task: carrying off huge quantity of money. HI 132.1. Task: recovering lost object from sea. HI 132.1.1. Task: recovering lost ring from sea. H I324. Quest for marvelous remedy. D1240. Magic waters and medicines. HI 135. Task: annihilating (overcoming) army single-handed. L161. Lowly hero marries princess. 513 The Extraordinary Companions. Cf. Types 301B, 571. *BP II 79ff., 95; Coffin 8; *Motif-Index F601. — Lappish 2; Swedish 56 (Uppsala 13, Goteborg 12, Lund 5, Liungman 6', misc. 20); Norwegian 24, Solheim 1; Danish 48; Scottish 1, Campbell-McKay No. 3; Irish 353, Beal IV 228f. No. 1, VII 180ff., XVIII 79ff.; French 31; Dutch 3; Austrian: Haiding p. 470; Czech: Tille Soupis I 253—257, II (1) 303— 308, 373f., FFC XXXIV 225—229, 231—234 .9; Slovenian 8; SerboCroatian 2; Polish 15; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 207 III. — African 4. 513A Six Go through the Whole World. The helpers perform various deeds for the hero at the king’s court. See analysis (513, 514): II; III. See also references to Type 513. *Anderson in Tauscher Volksmarchen 191; *BP II 79ff., I ll 84f, 556ff. (Grimm Nos. 134, 224); Wesselski Mdrchen vor Grimm No. 2; Chauvin VII 124 No. 392; Espinosa II 89 No. 9; Liungman SSF III 434; An­ derson Novelline No. 92. — Finnish 164; Finnish-Swedish 4; Estonian 7; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 10; Danish: Grundtvig No. 9 A B; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 25, 76, 145, cf. 164; Flemish 14, Witteryck p. 299 18; Walloon (*513C) 7; German: Henssen Volk No. 132a, 132b, Ranke 57; Italian 4 (Pentamerone cf. I No. 5, Tuscan 571b, cf. [855] a, b 3); Rumanian 7, Sainenu 557; Hungarian 12; Czech: Tille Soupis I 248, 253, II (1) 303ff., FFC XXXIV 225ff., 231 24; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 16, Afanasiev 21; Greek 14, Hahn No. 63; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 77, 86 IV, 197 III, 215 III 8; India 6. — Spanish-AmericaiK Raet Nos. 10, 11, 16, 267 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 2, (Puerto Rico) 1; Cape Verde Is­ lands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 244 n. 4; West Indies (Negro) 5; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 345ff. SI3B The Land and Water Ship. See analysis (513, 514): I a, b, c, (d); II; III. *BP II 79ff. (Grimm No. 71), III 272. — Finnish 4; Finnish-Swedish 9; Estonian 9; Lithuanian 2; Swedish (Lund) 4; Icelandic 1; Catalan: Amades No. 170; Flemish 6; German 13, Merk. p. 251; Italian (Sicilian 1, Gonzenbach No. 74); Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 229, Soupis II (1) 307ff., 373f. 6; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Afanasiev 5. — Franco-American 23; English-American 2; West Indies (Negro) 2.

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513C The Son of the Hunter. I. The Worker's Secret. A mother reluctantly lets her son know that his father has been a hunter. The son becomes a hunter and is persecuted by a courtier who hated his father. II. The Tasks. The boy is assigned difficult tasks at the courtier’s sug­ gestion [H911]: (a) to build a castle of ivory (done by pouring wine in lake where elephants bathe and intoxicating them); (b) other tasks; (c) bringing a distant object to the king (done with the help of extra­ ordinary companions [F601.1]). III. Marriage to Princess. Greek: Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales Nos. 42a, 42b 10; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 207 6; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 32ff.; Kurd: Lescot No. 2. 513G* The Seven Magic Talents. A king offers daughter for marriage to gain an heir to ^ his throne. The princess chooses a handsome prince who is killed by a Moor. The princess is taken captive, but she plans to get the better of the Moor and re­ turns his love. She sends word to her father by birds that she is still alive, but will have to be rescued by a widow's seven sons. An orphan finds a widow and seven sons, each of whom has a magic talent. With the help of the seven sons, the orphan rescues the princess. The Moor recovers her, but he and the princess arc killed. The princess is revived by one of the seven sons and returned to the king. The prince who was killed by the Moor is also revived and marries the princess. The king rewards the orphan and the seven sons% Spanish-American: Hansen (513**C) (Chile) 1. 514 The Shift of Sex. The sister becomes a soldier in place of her brother. Marries the daughter of the king [K1837, K1322]. She is driven away and rescued by her companions. The change of sex in the ogress’ house [D ll]. Marriage with the princess [LI61]. *Anderson inTauscher Volksmarchen 174; *BP II 58, 79ff., 87, *III 24f., 84; *Espinosa III 97ff.; Chauvin V III 43f. No. 11. — Finnish 17; Lithuanian 10; Norwegian 1; Danish 9; Scottish I, Campbell-McKay No 3; Irish 10; Spanish 4; Walloon (*514) 1; German 1; Austrian: Haiding p. 470; Italian (Tuscan [312], cf. [317] a 2); Rumanian 4; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 6; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 6; Turkish: Eber­ hard-Boratav No, 97, 374 III 13; Indonesian: DeVries No. 175. — Franco-American 1; Gape Verde Islands: cf. Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 281 n. 2; West Indies (Negro) 3. 514* The Unlaughing Fate. Old woman becomes a lizard who becomes a girl and marries a king. The girl again becomes a lizard. The lizard climbs on a cock. The unlaughing fate sees this and laughs. This causes disenchantment: the cock becomes a horse; the lizard becomes a girl with roses issuing from her mouth (or the old woman becomes a young girl, or the unlaughing fates are made to laugh and cause other transformations). Greek 6. 514** The Court Physician. A poor girl masks as a doctor and is made court physician [K1825.1.2]. The queen falsely accuses her of attempted seduction [K2111]. Tasks are imposed which are performed with the help of a saint [H984]. The truth comes to light. Cf. Types 425K, 434, 881*, 884A. Spanish: *Espinosa No. 146.

IT C 1114

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515 (formerly 515**) The Shepherd Boy. The boy finds three objects (shoes, cap, etc. [D 1065.2, D1067]) which he in turn gives to a little girl [N827] and an old man [N821]. They promise to be his helpers [Q4-2]. With their aid he brings back the lost princess [R ill] and wins her hand fL 161]. Livonian 2; Swedish 2; Flemish 1; Russian: Andrejev; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 177 4. 515* The Magic Pipe. A boy gives an old man the first fish he catches. In return he re­ ceives a pipe that gives him power over all wild animals [D1441.1.2]. Lappish L . 516/ Faithful John. The picture of the princess. She is carried off on a ship. The conversation of the ravens. The true servant transformed to stone. Brought back to life. I. The Prince Falls in Love, (a) A prince becomes enamored of a far­ away princess by seeing her picture or (b) by dreaming of her. II. The Princess is Carried Off. With the help of a faithful servant, brother or foster brother, he carries her off (a) by enticing her aboard a merchant ship, (b) by stealing into her presence in women’s clothes, or (c) through an underground passage, or by other means. — (d) The servant woos her as adviser of the prince. III. Perils on the Voyage, (a) On the return voyage the prince and his bride are submitted to three perils, such as (a1) poisoned food, (a2) poisoned clothing, (a3) meeting with robbers or a drowning person, (a4) crossing a stream or passing through a door, etc. (a5) The last peril is the entrance of a snake into the bedchamber of the bridal pair, (b) These perils are arranged (b1) by the father of the princess, (b2) by the father, or (b3) the stepmother of the prince. IV. The Misunderstood Servant, (a) Through the conversation of birds (ghosts), (b) the faithful servant learns of the dangers and strives to prevent them, (c) Since he has touched the prince’s sleeping wife, he is thought to be treacherous to his master and must justify himself by an explanation of the circumstances, (d) Immediately following the ex­ planation, the servant is turned to stone. V. Disenchantment of the Servant, (a)" The servant can be brought to life only by the blood of a prince’s child or (b) through a remedy which the prince must fetch from afar, (c) The prince kills his own child and re­ stores the servant. The children are then resuscitated. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. T11.2. Love through sight of picture. F674. Skillful painter. Gan paint from description of a dream. T 11.2.1. Love through sight of statue. TI LL Love from mere mention or description. T11.3. Love through dream. T24.2. Swooning for love. M301.2.1. Enraged old woman prophesies for youth. T12. Love through prophecy that prince shall marry the fairest. T381.1. Guarded maiden first seen by hero in church.

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II. P361. Faithful servant. N801. Helper grateful for being bought from slavery. N861. Foundling helper. L31. Youngest brother helps elder. P311. Sworn brethren. P273.1. Faithful foster brother. T381. Imprisoned virgin to prevent knowledge of men (marriage, impregna­ tion). R10.1. Princess abducted. R16.1. Maiden abducted by trans­ formed hero. K1332. Seduction by taking aboard ship to inspect wares. K1321.2. Man disguised as woman abducts princess. R25.1. Princess abducted through underground passage. R225.1. Elopement on winged horse. T51. Wooing by emissary. III. B211.3. Speaking bird. B143. Prophetic bird. M352. Prophecy of particular perils to prince on wedding journey. M302.1. Prophesying through knowledge of animal languages. N451. Secrets overheard from animal (demon) conversation. H I515. Poisoned food test. H I516. Poisoned clothing test. T175. Magic perils threaten bridal couple. T 172.2. Bridal chamber invaded by magic dragon (serpent). B 176.1. Magic serpent. H1510. Vain attempts to kill hero. SI 1. Gruel father. S31. Gruel stepmother. S52. Gruel father-in-law. IV. R169.4.1. Rescue of bride from mysterious perils by hidden faith­ ful servant. N342.1. Faithful servant guarding master’s wife from danger falsely condemned for betraying his master. G423.4. Tabu:uttering secrets heard from spirits. G961.2. Transformation to stone for breaking tabu. V. H1558. Test of friendship. El 14. Resuscitation by spittle. El 13. Resuscitation by blood. D766.2. Disenchantment by application of blood. D1818. Magic remedy learned by magic. S268. Child sacrificed to pro­ vide blood for cure of friend. EO. Resuscitation. **Rosch Der Getreue Johannes (FFG LXXVII); **Krohn FFG XGVI 82ff.; *BP I 46 (Grimm No. 6); *Liungman SSF III 435. — Finnish 24; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 2; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 49; Swedish 6 (Goteborg 7, Lund 7, Liungman 7, misc. 3 ); Danish 5; Scottish 7; Irish 211; French 6; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 44, 123, 171, 189; Flemish 7; German: Ranke 76*, Meckl. No. 68; Austrian: Haiding No. 67; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 14 (Pentamerone IV No. 9, Tuscan 425A a—g, [305] a, b 9, Sicilian 7); Rumanian 13, Sainenu 598; Hungarian 19, (520*) 2; Czech: Tille FFG XXXIV 201—206, Soupis II (2) 173—180 3; Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 5; Polish 13; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 2, Afanasiev 9; Greek 12, Dawkins 45 Stories No. 2, Modern Greek Folk­ tales No. 37; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 125 V, 214 16; Albanian: Lambertz 24ff.; Arab: Littmann 159f; India 22. — Franco-American 8; Spanish-American: Rael No. 205 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 2, (Dominican Republic) 7, (Puerto Rico) 2; Portuguese-American (Brazil): Camara Cascudo p. 148; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 223 n. 1, 229; West Indies (Negro) 4. — Literary Treatment: Chauvin IV 8, 57, VII 98.

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516A The Si,gn Language of the Princess. I. The Friends. A prince and a youth of lower rank (vizier’s son, etc.) are close friends, (a) The Old Woman as Trouble-Maker [M301.2.1, T12]; (this element appears sometimes as a separate tale), (b) For other false reasons the prince commands that his friend be executed. Compas­ sionate executioner. Later, the friend appears to interpret signs, (c) The two friends are banished. (They break the villager’s water pots, etc.) (d) The prince dreams of a princess [T 11.3] and he and his friend search for her. II. The Princess and her Sign Language. The prince sees a lovely princess who makes signs to him [H607.3]. The friend interprets them [H611.2]. (Example: the princess strikes her teeth with a rose [Z 175.1, Z 175.2], signifying that her father’s name is Rajaj Tooth). III. Winning the Princess [K1300]. They travel to the city where dwells the princess, (a) Through the help of an old woman (flower-seller, etc.) they gain access to the princess, (b) The prince, disguised as a girl, gains access to the princess [K1321.2]. (c) The princess tries to poison the friend, but fails, (d) The friend drugs the princess and brands her back. In the guise of a fakir he then tells the king he has driven a witch away from a human corpse which the witch was eating and has branded the back of the witch. The king, believing the princess to be a witch, drives her out and his friend carries her off. (e) The prince, disguised as a wo­ man, is left in the care of the king by the friend. The prince then escapes. The friend returns and demands the »woman.» The king is forced to give the princess instead, (f) Other means of winning the princess. India 20. 516B The Abducted Princess (Love Through Sight of Floating Hair). I. A Hero Wins a Princess. After the marriage, the princess (a) loses a hair or (b) a shoe, which floats down the river, or (c) which is swallowed by a fish. A strange prince sees the hair [T11.4.1] (shoe) [T11.4.2] and falls in love with the princess. Or (d) the strange prince falls in love with the princess in other ways [T10]. ^ II. The Abduction. An old woman, sent by the strange prince, in­ gratiates herself with the princess and abducts her [R39.2] (a) by using a flying bedstead [D1520.17.1], (b) by killing the hero, (c) or by stealing the hero’s magic object. III. The Recovery. The princess refuses to marry the strange prince for a period of time, using as an excuse a vow. The hero’s helper [P361] in disguise recovers the princess, (a) kills the old woman and (b) restores the hero to life. Or (c) the hero’s helpers recover the magic object. See Type 560. Note: This story rarely appears as a separate tale. Instead it is usually found combined with other tale types such as 516, 534, 560. India 11.

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516G St. James of Galicia. Amicus and Amelins. To carry out the vow of parents' who have prayed for a child [T548.1] the hero goes to a shrine accom­ panied by a man who has chosen the smallest of three apples offered [H1558.0.1.1.]. At court the king poisons the companion. He is restored bv blood of the hero’s children [S268]. ' *Kohler to Gonzenbach No. 90; *BP II 39 n. 2, III 236. — Italian (Sicilian 7, Gonzenbach No. 90). 517

The Boy who Learned Many Things. Vaticinium. The learning of the speech of birds; cf. Types 670, 671. The princess who has destroyed her child; cf. Type 781. A boy understands the language of birds. The birds pro­ phesy that the parents shall humble themselves before him. On re­ petition of the prophecy, the parents drive him away. The boy becomes great, returns unknown to his parents, and the prophecy is fulfilled. Cf. Type 725. Motifs: B215.1. Bird language. B216. Knowledge of animal languages. B143. Prophetic bird. N451. Secrets overheard from animal (demon) con­ versation. M312.0.2. Prophecy of future greatness given by animals. S10. Cruel parents. M373. Expulsion to avoid fulfillment of prophecy. N682. Prophecy of future greatness fulfilled when hero returns home unknown. *BP I 322f., 323 n. 1; *Wesselski Marchen 221 No. 35; Coffin 1; Liungman SSF III 173f., 435. — Finnish 82; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 6; Swedish 7 (Uppsala 7, Stockholm 7, misc. 5); Danish 3; Scottish 5, Campbell-McKay No. 14; Irish 27; Basque 2; French 6 (often with Type 671); German 7; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 9} Fruili 1; Hungarian: Degh No. 21; Czech: Tille Soupis I 30ff. 7; Russian: Andrejev; Greek: Laographia XI 444ff.; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 214 IV; Jewish: Gaster Rabbis 248 No. 352. — Franco-American 2; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 100, 101 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 7.

518

Devils (Giants) Fight over Magic Objcctsy which the hero gets by trickery (cf. Type 400, incident V g) [D832], and with the help of which he per­ forms the tasks imposed on the suitors of the princess [H335] and frees her from an enchantment [D753]. Cf. Types 51***, 302, 552, 926 D. *BP III 424 (Grimm No. 197;; cf. BP II 33Iff. (Grimm No. 92) for the fighting over the magic objects. — Finnish 6; Estonian 2; Livonian 3; Lithuanian 19; Swedish 7 (Goteborg 1, Liungman 3y misc. 3 ); Danish 7; Catalan: Amades No. 154, cf. No. 37; Flemish 7; German 6; Italian 4 (Tuscan [307] b, c, [901] 3, Sicilian 7); Rumanian 6; Hungarian 10; Czech: FFG XXXIV 126f., Soupis II (1) 416f., II (2) 209f. 4; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine l l yAfanasiev 15; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 84 IV, 97 III, 174 IV, 205, 212 III, 213 III; India 3. — Franco-American 5; Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican

FFG 184

T h e Types of the Folktale

187

Republic) 1; Gape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 293 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 1. — African 1. 518* Unjust Umpire Misappropriates Disputed Goods. [K452]. Gf. Types 51***, 926D. Chauvin VII 38ff.; Wesselski Arlotto II 254 No. 171. — Spanish (*1593) 1; India: Thompson-Balys; U.S.: Baughman. 519

The Strong Woman as Bride (Brunhilde). The helper in the suitor test. Gf. Type 513A. I. The Suitor. A prince with his extraordinary companion woos a bride who is beautiful, strong, and warlike, and who will have as hus­ band no man who is not her equal in strength. II. Suitor Tests, (a) The prince must wield her gigantic weapons and ride her untamed steed, (b) By substitution of his companion this is ac­ complished. III. The Bridal Night, (a) In the bridal night she lays her feet and hands on the prince and almost stifles him. (b) He asks permission to go outside and in the darkness the helper substitutes himself and overcomes the princess. IV. The Princess''s Revenge, (a) When on the return to the prince’s home she discovers the betrayal, she cuts off the feet of the helper and drives forth the prince, who becomes a swineherd, (b) The lamed helper joins a blind man and they assist each other, (c) They overcome a giant and compel him to show healing water, (d) The helper with his feet restored returns and compels the restoration of his master. Motifs: I. F601.2. Extraordinary companion helps hero in suitor test. T58. Wooing the strong and beautiful bride. H345. Suitor test: overcoming princess in strength. II. H345.1. Suitor test: Lifting strong princess’s giant weapon. H345.2. Suitor test: riding strong princess’s horse. K3. Substitute in contest. III. T173.1. Strong bride tries to stifle husband in bed. K1844.1. Husband has his strong servant substitute in bed with strong wife. IV. Q261. Treachery punished. ^Q451.2. Laming as punishment. SI62. Mutilation: cutting off legs (feet). K1816.6. Disguise as herdsman. N886. Blind man carries lame man. D 1500.1.18. Magic healing water. R 169.4. Hero rescued by servant.. **A. von Lowis of Menar Die Brixnhildsage in Russland (Leipzig, 1923); See Anderson Zeitschrift fur slavische Philologie XXV (1956) 31 If. — Estonian (519*) 3; Lithuanian 2; Swedish 2 (Lund 1, misc. 7); German 1; Hungarian (523*) 9; Gzech: Tille Soupis I 101—104 2; Polish 1; Russian: Afanasiev 18. — Franco-American 1. 520* Poor M an and Rich Travel. Poor agrees to let rich always seem the more skillful. Poor does deeds, rich gets credit. — Kills robbers, giant, etc. In a tournament the poor refrains and shows up the rich. Icelandic 1.

188

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524* The Stupid Prince in the Cave. An enchanted queen rescues a stupid prince whom his brother has pushed into a cave. The queen gives him her daughter for wife and he forgives his brothers. Polish 7. 530—559 A n i m a l s as H e l p e r s 530

The Princess on the Glass Mountain. Cf. Types 300, 329, 502, 550. I. Rewardfor the Vigil, (a) Three brothers one after the other are sent to guard a meadow which is devastated at night by a monster or (b) they must in turns keep vigil for their dead father, (c) The elder brothers are frightened away but the youngest umpromising brother succeeds and secures three fine horses with saddle and bridle and armor of copper, of silver, and of gold, (d) He tells no one of this. II. The Glass Mountain, (a) The king offers the princess to one who can take three golden apples from her as she sits on top of a glass moun­ tain or (b) one who can ride to the fourth story of a tower, or (c) up a mast or (d) over a pit. (e) The hero rides with his three horses ever higher and at last to the top. (f) The hero alone succeeds. III. Unknown Knight, (a) The hero disappears without telling who he is. (b) All suitors are summoned but only he can show the golden apples, (c) He marries the princess. Motifs: I. G346. Devastating monster. H1471. Watch for devastating monster. Youngest alone successful. H1462. Vigil for dead father. L10. Victorious youngest son. L 131. Hearth abode of unpromising hero. B315. Animal helpful after being conquered. B401. Helpful horse. 6181. Magic horse. F824. Extraordinary armor. II. F751. Glass mountain. H331.1.1. Suitor contest: riding up glass mountain. H331.1.2. Suitor contest: riding to fourth story of tower. F 1071. Prodigious jump. To fourth story (or the like). R 111,2.2. Rescue of princess from mountain. F989.1. Horse jumps over high wall. H331.1.3. Suitor contest: riding up mast (spear). H331.1.4. Suitor con­ test: riding across pit. III. R222. Unknown knight. H311. Inspection test for suitors. H80. Identification by tokens. LI61. Lowly hero marries princess. **Boberg Danske Studier 1928 pp. 16—53; *BP III *111, 340; *Hartmann Trollvorstellungen 172f.; *Honti Beal VI 34; *Ranke SchleswigHolsteinische Volksmarchen II 146; Kohler-Bolte I 55, 67, Coffin 1. —■ Finnish 208; Finnish-Swedish 10; Estonian 33; Livonian 5; Lithuanian 11; Swedish 21 (Uppsala 6, Goteborg 4, Lund 2, Liungman 2, misc. 7); Norwegian 20; Danish 47, Grundtvig No. 3A; Irish 56; French 3; Flemish 1; German: Ranke 56“, Meckl. No. 50, 51; Rumanian (300 I*C) 21; Hungarian 32, (5301*) 18; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 52-ff. 6, Soupis II (1) 148ff. 6; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 18; Polish 40, (530A)

FFG 184

T he Types of ihe Folktale

189

6', (530B) 7, (536) 1; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine (530A) 16, Afanasiev (530A) 20; Albanian: Lambert/- 831T.; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 73, 257 IV, 258 11; Caucasus: Dirr 30; Arab: Littmann 183f., Spitta 152; India 8. — Franco-American 9; English-American: Baughman 2; Spanish-American: Rael No. 229 (U.S.). 530A The Pig with the Golden Bristles. A tsar commands his sons-in-law to get a pig with golden bristles, a golden-horned stag, etc. A foolish boy gets these wonders, but yields them to the sons-in-law, when they cut off his fingers and cut the skin from his back. At the feast they are exposed by the fool and the mutilations. Cf. Type 314. Russian: Afanasiev (530B*) 28. 530B* The Stolen Brides. Aided by wonderful horses, the fool steals three brides. All three brothers shoot at their granaries; sound of girls' laughter is heard from the fool's granary. The fool gives a girl to each brother, keeping the youngest for himself. Lithuanian (*530B) 8. 531 Ferdinand the True and Ferdinand the False. On the advice of a jealous courtier the king assigns the hero difficult tasks, which he performs with the help of grateful animals. Bringing the beautiful bride for the king. I. The Hero's Horse and Magic Object, (a) The hero at his christening is given by a beggar a key, with which he later obtains a horse which speaks and gives advice, or (a1) the king appears, serves as his godfather, and gives him a ring as a means of recognition: when fifteen years old he sets out to find his godfather; or (a2) an illegitimate son of the king seeks his father; or (a3) the hero is on some other quest; or (a4) the hero, son of a huntsman, goes as hunter unto the king’s service, (b) He finds a golden pen (or a golden bird, a spotted animal, a weasel, a diamond, a wild animal covered with glistening diamonds, or an elephant skin) and in spite of the advice of his horse (or his mother or his teacher) picks it up from the ground; he gives this to the king who on the advice of a treacherous courtier sends the hero on dangerous quests, (c) From a thankful fish he receives a fin and from a bird a feather. II. The Treacherous Companion. (a) On the way to the king he is forced to change places with a treacherous^ companion and to swear silence; together they go into the king’s service, (b) At the companion’s sug­ gestions he is assigned dangerous quests: (bringing the golden bird, or its cage, or the water of life, etc.), especially the bringing of a golden­ haired maiden. III. Fetching the Princess, (a) The hero is to fetch a beautiful princess for the king, (b) On the advice of his horse, he demands as a condition from the king a supply of meat and bread, (c) With these he obtains help from giants, lions, birds, ants who help him perform tasks assigned by the golden-haired maiden, (d) The fish returns his pen which has fallen into the water. IV. Beautification by Decapitation, (a) The princess beheads him and then replaces his head to make him handsomer, (b) The king has the

190

Stith T hom pson

FFG 184

same thing done to him with fatal results, (c) The magic horse changes himself into a prince. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. N811. Supernatural godfather. H1381.2.2.1. Son seeks unknown father. N826. Help from beggar. D1158. Magic key. B211.1.3. Speakinghorse. B133. Truth-speaking horse. B401. Helpful horse. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. B350. Grateful animals. B391. Animal grateful for food. B470. Helpful fish. B501. Animal gives part of body as talisman for summoning its aid. II. K1934. Impostor forces hero (heroine) to change places with him (her). H911. Tasks assigned at suggestion of jealous rivals. III. T11.4.1. Love through sight of hair of unknown princess. H75.2. Identification by hair dropped by bird. H75.1. Identification by hair found floating on water. H I213.1. Quest for princess caused by sight of one of her hairs dropped by bird (or floating on river). H1381.3.1.1. Quest for bride for king (prince). H951. Countertasks. When a task is assigned, the hero agrees to perform it as soon as the assigner performs a certain other task. N812.0.1. Giant’s help secured by feeding him. N812. Giant or ogre as helper. B325.1. Animal bribed with food. H982. Animals help man perform task. B450. Helpful birds. HI 132.1.4. Task: recovering pen from sea. B548.2.4. Fish recovers pen from sea. IV. E15.1. Resuscitation by boiling. E12. Resuscitation by decapita­ tion. D1865.1. Beautification by decapitation and replacement of head. J2411.1. Imitation of magic rejuvenation unsuccessful. D131. Trans­ formation: man to horse. D700. Person disenchanted. **G. Megas Der Bartlose im neugriechischen Marchen FFG GLVII 7ff.; *BP III 18 (Grimm No. 126); *Hartmann Trollvorstellungen 174f.; *Meyer FFG GLVII; Coffin 2; *Aarne FFC XXIII 125, 126. — Finnish 14; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 12; Livonian 4; Lithuanian (*531) 76; Swedish 24 (Uppsala 2, Goteborg 1, Lund 6, Liungman 7, misc. 14); Norwegian 29, Solheim 1; Danish 49, Grundtvig No. 10; Icelandic 8; Scottish 1; Irish 171, Beal II 290ff., XI suppl. 50ff.; French 40; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 20, 46, 81, 149, cf. 84, 101, 128; German: Ranke 39, Meckl. No. 69; Austrian: ITaiding Nos. 9, 39; Italian 11 (Pentamerone III No. 7, Tuscan [317] c, [320], [888] 3, Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach Nos. 30, 83); Rumanian (4031)*) 3; Hungarian 37; Czech Tille FFG XXXIV 162—177, Soupis II (2) 188—205 6; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 8; Polish 15, (531 A) 1, (509) 8; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 16, Afanasiev 30; Greek 40, Hahn Nos. 6, 37, Loukatos No. 14; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 81, 207 III, 248, Radloff IV 136f., 373f.; India 3. — Franco-American 56; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 232, 233 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 1, (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 4, (Puerto Rico) 5, (cf. Puerto Rico 531**A) 1; Portuguese-American (Brazil): Camara Gascudo p. 155; West Indies (Negro) 5; American Indian (San Carlos Apache): Goddard Pa AM XXIV 77.

FFC 184

Tin* Types of the Folktale

191

532 I Don't Know. The helpful horse. The hero is driven from home by his stepmother [S31]. He acquires a helpful horse which advises him [B401] to dress in poor clothing- [K1816] and to answer all questions with »I don’t know» [C495.1]. He takes service as gardener to the king [K 1816.1]. He thrice rescues the king (or the princess) from a dragon [R111 .5.4.] or other danger [R110] but conceals his identity each time [R222]. The princess notices him, is enamored and marries him [LI61]. The hero’s name is often »Thirteen» [LI0-1 -1]. Cf. Type 314. Finnish 37; Estonian 1; Livonian 1; Lappish 1; Irish 2; German 2; Austrian: Haiding No. 63; Rumanian 1 (also with Type 300 IB); Hungarian 5; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 29—44, Soupis II (2) 261— 283 21; Serbocroatian 11; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 31; Greek 23, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 39; Turkish: EberhardBoratav Nos.T 75 III, 247, 257, 258 III 15; India 1. — Franco-American 2; Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1. 532* Son of the Cow (God's godson). Two oxen plow the copper (iron, stone) field of the king. The hero receives the hand of the princess and the possessions of the kingdom. Rumanian 15. 533 The Speaking Honehcad. On the journey to her wedding the princess is forced by her waiting-maid to change clothes and places with her. The princess’s horse is killed, but through the speaking horsehead which hangs on the wall, the betrayal is revealed. Cf. Types 403, 450. The princess is sometimes blinded and her eyes later bought from the person who has blinded her. She is recognized not only from the speaking horsehead but also by her golden and silver hair, and by a song sung in a stove. Motifs: K2252. Treacherous maid-servant, K1911.1.1. False bride takes true bride’s place on the way to the wedding. K1934. Impostor forces heroine to change places with her. K1933. Impostor forces oath of secrecy. B401. Helpful horse. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. B335. Help­ ful animal killed by hero’s enemy. K1816.5. Disguise as goose-girl (turkey-girl). H 151.12. Geese tell of beauty of their mistress and bring about recognition. D1011. Magic animal head. B133.3. Speaking horse­ head. The helpful horse is killed. The head is preserved and placed on the wall. It speaks and reveals the treachery practiced against the heroine. S165. Mutilation: putting out eyes. E781.2. Eyes bought back and replaced. H71. Marks of royalty. F545.2.1. Gold star on forehead. F171.2. Gold (silver) hairs as sign of royalty. H12. Recognition by song. H13.2.7. Recognition by overheard conversation with stove. H13.1.2. Recognition by overheard conversation with dog. **Liungman SSF III 184ff.; *BP II 273 (Grimm No. 89). — Lithua­ nian 1; Swedish 6 (Uppsala 1, Goteborg 1, Liungman 7, misc. 3); Irish 2; French 2; Spanish 1; Catalan: cf. Amades Nos. 27, 191; Flemish: cf 403A; German: Ranke 5; Italian (Pentamerone cf. IV No. 7, cf.

Stith T hom pson

192

FFG 184

Tuscan 403a, c, p, [895] a 4)\ Hungarian 1; Polish 6; Russian: Afanasiev (533A) 5; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 75. cf. No. 240 2; India O'. — Franco-American 17; West Indies (Negro) 2. — African 3. 533* The Snake Helper. A girl is kind to snake and receives gift of dropping gold from her fingers‘when she washes her hands. Her father tells the king, who demands to see her. Her wicked godmother and daughter accompany her. En route they take her eyes out and throw her overboard. She is picked up by a kind fisherman. The godmother substitutes the daughter as bride to the king. A fisherman cares for the girl and becomes rich with gold from her hands. The snake seizes the fisherman's boy and commands the fisherman to take the son's eyes and give them to the girl. The girl dresses in beautiful clothes and goes to king's court. She is recognized by king when she washes her hands. He marries her and burns the old woman and her daughter. Hie snake is the girl's guardian angel and re­ turns to Heaven (cf. Type 506). The fisherman's son recovers sight. Spanish-American: Hansen (403**D) (Chile) /, (Dominican Republic) /, (Puerto Rico) 1. 534 The Youth Who Tends the Buffalo Herd. Cf. Types 181, 510C, 511A. I. The Youth and the Wild Buffaloes (Cows). A youth cares for wild buffaloes which he comes upon in the forest and is befriended by them [B395, B396, N832.1, B537]. (a) The youth is lost or abandoned, (b) A tiger carries a youth into the forest, but the youth escapes, (c) A helpful bull (cow) carries the boy into the forest. See 511 A. (d) The buffaloes give the youth a horn (flute) with which to call them when he needs help [B501.1] (e) The youth’s hair is made golden [F555.1.1, D475.1.10] (he pours milk into a snake hole and the snake is grateful.) II. The Abduction of the Youth, (a) One of the youth’s hairs floats down the river (swallowed by a fish) and is found by a princess who falls in love with the youth [T il.4.1.1]. (b) The king sends a parrot (crow) to find the boy (the parrot steals the boy’s horn or flute), (c) The boy is brought to the palace. III. Conclusions, (a) The boy calls his buffaloes to the palace, (b) The boy marries the princess. India 24. 534* The Magic Stick, the Golden Feather, and the Speaking Ass [D1401.1, D1021, B211.1.3.1]. With the aid of the ass the youngest son [L. 11] heals the horses and can withstand boiling water [D1841.2]. The ass is disenchanted into a princess [D700].

535

Flemish 1. The Boy Adopted by Tigers (Animals). I. A Boy is Adopted by Wild Animals, (a) The boy is abandoned in the forest, (b) and adopted by tigers, (c) He is given a magic bow and arrow, or (d) magic axe. II. The Substitute Bridegroom, (a) The animals arrange a marriage for him. (b) A monkey or (c) a barber takes his place, (d) The boy goes to live with an old widow who has a lovely daughter, (e) He proves his identity by using his magic objects, (f) He marries the girl to whom he was betrothed and (g) the widow’s daughter. India 7.

m :

536*

m

The Types of the Folktale

193

The Diamond Mountain. A d ragon shows th e h ero a d iam on d m o u n ta in . W ith th e jew els h r wins a princess. P olish (536) L

537

The Marvelous Eagle Gives the Hero a Box which he must not open. I. The Speaking Eagle. A man aims to shoot an eagle, when suddenly the bird begins to speak like a human being [B21I.3]. The man spares him. II. The Grateful Eagle. The bird has a wing broken. The man cares for it for three years and wastes all his property by feeding the bird. Finally the eagle recovers and will repay the man for his kindness [B380, Q45]. III. The Journey by Air. The bird then carries the man on his back across the sea [3552] to his kingdom [B222], and intimidates him three times by nearly dropping him into the sea (the hunter has once aimed three times with his gun at the bird). IV. The Secret Box. The eagle’s father (sister) gives him a box [D1174.1] with the warning not to open it before the man reaches home [C321]. V. The Castle. Overcome with curiosity, the man, on his way home, opens the box. A castle springs therefrom. For getting the castle back into the box, the man promises his son to the devil [S222]. This is usually an introduction to Type 313B. **Haavio Der Eianamythos in Finnland (FFC GLIV); study in prepara­ tion by Isidor Levin (Leningrad); *Anderson FFC XLII 165. — Lithua­ nian (*320) 22; Russian: Afanasiev (222*B) 19; Babylonian Etana myth. 540 (formerly 540*) The Dog in the Sea. The dog rescues a man who tries to drown himself [B541.4]. They come to the bottom of the sea, where the man disenchants [D711] the king along with his son (— the dog) and his kingdom. Finnish 2; Danish 7, Grundtvig No. 86; Russian: Andrejev. 541*

Restoring Blind K ing’s Eyes. T h e h ero receives m a g ic sw ords from a b lin d king. H e prep ares a large w a g o n lo a d o f m e a t, w a ter, a n d w m e a n d sets o u t to recover th e k in g ’s eyes frorn a m onster. H e g ives food a n d drink to th e m on ster a n d is to ld w h ere to fin d th e k in g’s eyes. T o m arry th e em press h e m u st p ick h er from a g rou p o f girls id en tica lly clad (cf. T y p e 313 II d ). T h e m o n ster app ears as a sn ak e in fron t o f th e em press an d th e herp chooses correctly. Gf. T y p e 533. S p a n ish -A m e rica n : H an sen (* * 5 4 0 ) (D o m in ic a n R e p u b lic) 1.

545

13

The Cat as Helper. Visit to the castle. Disenchantment. I. The Helpful Cat. (a) A bov or (b) girl inherits nothing but a cat (or fox). II. The Cal at the Palace, (a) The cat takes the girl (boy) to the palace, (b) He tells the king that the boy (girl) is a dispossessed prince, (c) The cat woos the princess for the boy. (d) The boy (girl) always says that he (she) has better things at home. III. Visit to the Castle, (a) The king is to visit the boy’s (girl’s) castle, (b) The cat goes ahead and has peasants say they are working for his master (mistress), (c) He goes to a giant’s castle and through trickery kills the giant and takes possession of the castle for his master (mistress).

194

Stith Thom pson

FFC 184

IV. Disenchantment. (a) The cat’s head is cut off and it becomes a prince (or princess). Motifs: I. N411.1.1. Cat as sple inheritance. B211.1.8. Speaking cat. B422. Helpful cat. B435.1. Helpful fox. II. B580. Animal helps man to wealth and greatness. B581. Animal brings wealth to man. 13582.1.1. Animal wins wife for his master (Puss in Boots). B582.1.2. Animal wins husband for mistress. K1952.1. Poor boy said by helpful cat to be dispossessed prince. K1952.2. Better things at home. K 1954.1. Helpful cat borrows measure for his master’s money. K1917.3. Penniless wooer: helpful animal reports master wealthy and thus wins girl for him. Iv 1952.1.1. Poor boy said by helpful animal to be dispossessed prince (wealthy man) who has lost clothes while swimming (in shipwreck). III. F771.4.1. Castle inhabited by ogres. K722. Giant tricked into becoming mouse. IV. D711. Disenchantment by decapitation. Finnish 112; Estonian 7; Swedish 51 (Uppsala 13, Stockholm 5, Goteborg 11, Liungman 4, misc. 18); Danish 35; Irish 58, Beal I 239ff., II 10; Spanish (545C*) 1; Flemish 5, Witteryck p. 293 4; German: Ranke 4; Italian (Pentamerone II No. 4); Slovenian 4; Scrbocroatian 1; Polish 1. ■ — Franco-American 8; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 240, 242 (U.S.), Hansen (Dominican Republic) 5. — African 10. Two forms of the type follows: 545A The Cat Castle. The boy inherits a cow, the girl a cat. The cat helps the girl so that she gains the love of a prince and takes possession of the giant’s castle for the girl. Cf. Type 505. See analysis: I b; II a, b, d; III a, b, c; IV a. Finnish-Swedish 3; Lappish 1; Swedish (Lund) 1; Norwegian 4; French 16; Italian (Sicilian 4); Russian: Andrejev; Turkish: EberhardBoratav No. 54 III, IV. 545B Puss in Boots (or the helpful fox). The cat coerces the shepherd (and others) to say that they are servants of the hero, and takes possession of the castle of the serpent (or magician). See analysis: I a; II a, b, c, d; III a, b, c; IV a. *BP III 487 (Grimm No. 214); Coffin 1. — Finnish-Swedish 1; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 4; Lappish 8; Norwegian 29, Solheim 2; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 13 (Tuscan 545 a—e 5, Sicilian 4, Gonzenbach No. 65); Rumanian 6, Sainenu 165; Hungarian 5; Serbocroatian '2; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 9; Greek 20, Hahn II 340ff., ArgentiRose I 514ff. No. 11, Loukatos No. 15; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 34, 36 IV, 189 III 21; India 19; Indonesian: DeVries No. 179. — West Indies (Negro) 7. — African: Frobenius Atlantis III No. 26.

Y V G 184

The Types of the Folktale

195

545 G* Boaster Wins the Bride. (L ike T y p e 545 w ith o u t a n im al h elp er.) Ita lia n (S icilian * 5 4 5 C 7). 545D * The Bean King. U n e m p lo y e d y o u th fin d s a b ea n on th e road. H e im a g in es h o w rich h e could b e c o m e if he grow s beans. H e goes to a k in g an d asks for lo a d in g places a n d barrels for his co m in g crops. T h e k in g su pp oses h im w e a lth y a n d offers h im the princess as w ife. W h en th e k in g w an ts to see th e p ro p erty o f his so n -in -la w , a gratefu l ghost w h o m he has earlier h e lp e d furnish es a castle an d reports to the k in g th a t everyth in g in sigh t b elo n g s to th e y o u th . H u n g a ria n 7. 54-5E* The Cat Leads to Money. Brother tells his sister to fry fish w h ile h e goes to to w n . A ca t steals the fish an d the girl follow s it. S h e fin d s tw o p iles o f m o n e y . S h e tells her b roth er an d th ey take it an d b eco m e rich. S p a n ish -A m e rica n : H a n sen (545* * D ) (D o m in ic a n R e p u b lic) 7.

The Clever Parrot. I. The Parrot Wins a Princessfor the King, (a) The king wins the gratitude of a parrot, (b) The parrot takes the king to a princess, (c) The parrot brings a princess to the king. II. Separation. On the return trip the-king and his bride are separated. The parrot reunites them. India 9. 550 Search for the Golden Bird. Quest for the wonderful bird. With the help of an animal (wolf, fox) the youngest brother succeeds. On his return he saves his brothers, who betray him. See analysis below: I a, b; II; III a, b; IV; V.

546

A N A L Y S IS

T y p e s 5 5 0 a n d 551 I. Object of the Quest, (a) A bird which steals golden apples from the king’s orchard at night drops a golden feather: the king orders a quest: for the bird, (b) A sick (blind) king orders a quest for a magic remedy or (c) for the water of youth. II. The Three Sons. Three sons of a king go on the quest. The two elder are unkind to animals (old woman, dwarfs) that they meet, and they fail; but the third is kind and receives the help of the animals. III. Success of the Qiiest. (a) The hero reaches the tree of the golden bird, but is to receive the bird only after he undertakes further quests, (b) On these he receives a magic horse and a princess, and he takes them, along with the magic bird, home; — or (c) with the help of friendly animals and people the hero reaches a magic garden, where he sees a sleeping princess, lies by her, and on his departure writes his name and leaves it with her. (d) He secures the water of life (youth) and returns home. IV. The Treacherous Brothers, (a) The hero’s elder brothers rob him and throw him into a well or (b) wolf’s den. (c) He is helped out and his goods restored by his helpful fox or (b) by the wrolf, to which he feeds meat.

196

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V. Conclusion, (a) The fox is decapitated and becomes a prince, (b) The princess seeks the father of her child and, in spite of the treachery of the elder brothers, finds and marries the hero. Motifs: I. F813.1.1. Golden apple. H1471. Watch for devastating monster. Youngest alone successful. B102.1. Golden bird. Bird with golden feathers. H1210.1. Quest assigned by father. H 1331.1. Quest for marvelous bird. H I213. Quest for remarkable bird caused by sight of one of its feathers. HI 331.1.2. Quest for three feathers of marvelous bird. H I331.1.3. Quest for golden bird. H I324. Quest for miraculous remedy. H I321.2. Quest for healing water. D 1500.1.18. Magic healing water. H1321.3. Quest for water of youth. D1338.1.2. Water of youth. II. Q2. Kind and unkind. L I3. Compassionate youngest son. B313. Helpful animal an enchanted person. B560. Animals advise man. H I233.6. Animals help hero on quest. III. H1241. Series of quests. One quest can be accomplished when a second is finished, etc. HI 239.3. Quest accomplished by means of objects given by helpers. B184.1. Magic horse. D961. Magic garden. N711.3. Hero finds maiden in (magic) garden. T475.2. Hero lies by princess in magic sleep and begets child. H81.1. Hero lies by sleeping girl and leaves identification token with her. H I242. Youngest brother alone succeeds on quest. IV. K2211. Treacherous brother. W154-.12.3. Ungrateful brothers plot against rescuer. K1932. Impostors claim reward (prize) earned by hero. K1931.4. Impostors throw hero into pit. B391. Animal grateful for food. B544. Animal rescues captive. B435.1. Helpful fox. B435.3. Helpful wolf. V. D711. Disenchantment by decapitation. H1381.2.1. Princess seeks unknown father of her child. L10. Victorious youngest son. LI 61. Lowly hero marries princess. **Draak Onderzoekingen over de Roman van Walewein (Haarlem, 1939); *BP I 503 (Grimm No. 57), Coffin 3. — Finnish 55; Finnish-Swedish 4, (554*) 1; Estonian 7; Livonian 7, (cf. also 53IB*) 1; Lithuanian 75; Lappish 2; Swedish 26 (Uppsala 3, Goteborg 7, Lund 4, Liungman 3, misc. 75); Norwegian 75, Solheim 7; Danish 9, Grundtvig No. 13; Irish 225, Beal XI suppl. 1,14, XII 86f. No. 3; Basque 2; French 29; Catalan: Amades cf. Nos. 113, 114, 143; Flemish 7; Walloon 7 (cf. 569A); Ger­ man: Ranke 41, Meckl. 69, 70; Austrian: Haiding No. 71; Italian 9 (Tuscan 301 1, m, q, u, v, cf. 301 z 5, Sicilian 2, Gonzenbach No. 51); Rumanian 13, Sainenu 540; Hungarian 77, Degh (551) No. 23, Honti (320), Berze Nagy (728*) 4; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 177—184, Soupis II (1) 2—18 4; Slovenian 16; Serbocroatian 6; Polish 25, (417) 4; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 12; Greek 77, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 2; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 76, 204 III, 206, 257 III 21; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 105; India 27; Indonesian:

FFC 104

T h e Types of the Folktale

197

DeVries No. 181. — Franco-American 51; Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 199, 200, 201, 235, 238, 239 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 1, Dominican Republic) 5, (550**A) 6, (Puerto Rico) 12, (307**A) 1, (Cuba) (550**B) 1; West Indies (Negro) 12. — African 3. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin VI 6 f.; Wessclski Marchen 217 No. 28. 550A Only One Brother Grateful. A magician grants three brothers each a wish [D1761.0.2]. The two elder ones wish for wealth and later show un­ gratefulness and are punished [QJ.l]. The youngest receives a noble wife and later is hospitable to the disguised magician to the point of sacrificing his child to cure him [S268]. Cf. Type 516. *Winstedt FL LVII 143. — Greek: Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales (No. 70) 3 (references to Armenian, Slavic, Berber, Albanian); Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav (No. 110) 1; Arabic: Basset 1001 Contes III 302. 551

The Sons on a Qiiest for a Wonderful Remedy for their Father. The youngest succeeds with the help of an eagle (dwarf) and various magic objects. The brothers gain possession of the remedy. The princess searches for the father of her child. For analysis see Type 550: I b, (c); II; III c, d; IV; V b. Motifs: see Type 550. **Draak Onderzoekingen over de Roman van Walewein (Haarlem, 1939); *BP II 394 (Grimm No. 97); Coffin 2. — Finnish 78; Finnish-Swedish 12; Estonian 8; Lithuanian 13; Lappish 3; Swedish 20 (Uppsala 1, Goteborg 3, Lund 3, misc. 13); Norwegian 4; Danish 28; Icelandic 1; Scottish 4; Irish 70; French 13; Spanish 1; Flemish 3; German: Ranke 56; Austrian: Haiding Nos. 6, 31; Italian (Tuscan 301 d, i, o, p, r 5, Sicilian 1, Friuli 3); Rumanian 2; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 193—200, Soupis II (1) 18—36 16; Hungarian 15; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 5; Polish 8; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 27; Greek 8; Turkish: Eber­ hard-Boratav No. 72 V, 81, 206 III, 215 III, IV; India 10. — FrancoAmerican 37; Spanish-American: Rael No. 236 (U.S.), Hansen (Ar­ gentina) 1, (Chile, 551+551**A) 2, (Dominican Republic) 6, (Puerto Rico) 5, (Uruguay) 1; West Indies (Negro) 4. — African 4. (The Man on a Qiiesl for his Lost Wife; see Type 400.) 551* A Youth Sets Out to Seek Riches. Lappish 2. 551** Three Brothers Seek Riches. Two of them acquire silver and gold. The third receives magic objects from an old man [N821]. Lappish 1; Slovenian 5. 552

The Girls Who Married Animals. • ^ I. Marriage to Animals, (a) A bankrupt man promises his daughters in in marriage in return for safety and money to three animals (bear, eagle, whale); or (b) three girls despairing of marriage say that they will marry any one even if it is an animal (a bear, fox, squirrel, etc.), (c) The animals take the girls as wives.

190

Stith T hom pson

FFG 184

IT. Visit to Animal Brothers-in-law. (a) The girls’ brother visits them and finds that the animals periodically become men. (b) The brothcrs-in-law give him parts of their bodies (eagle’s feather, etc.) with which their aid may be summoned. — (c) The girls’ father visits them and finds food and other things magically provided, (d) The father later tries the same method at home without success. III. Help of the Animals. The brother receives the help of his animal brothers — (a) in saving a princess from a monster (see Type 302 [I c], 518); (b) in recovering a lost castle, wife, and magic objects (see Tvpe 560). Cf. also Types 531, 553. Motifs: I. S221.1. Bankrupt father sells his daughters in marriage to animals. B620.1. Daughter promised to animal suitor. C26. Wish for animal husband realized. Girl says she will marry a certain animal. Latter ap­ pears and carries her off. B640. Marriage to person in animal form. II. D620. Periodic transformation. D621.1. Animal by day; man by night. B501. Animal gives part of body as talisman for summoning its aid. B505.1. Magic objects received from animal brother-in-law. D532. Transformation by putting on claw, feather, etc. of helpful animal. D2105. Provisions magically furnished. J2411.3. Unsuccessful imitation of magic production of food. III. B314. Helpful animal brothers-in-law. Two forms of the type follow: 552A Three Animals as Brothers-in-law. Three princesses arc married to animals. The animals help their brother-in-law. See analysis: I a, c; II a, b; III b. *BP II 198, III 426ff. (Grimm Nos. 82 a, 104 a). — Finnish 41; Fin­ nishes wedish 1; Estonian 9; Lithuanian 30; Lappish 1; Swedish (misc.) 1; Norwegian 2; Danish 5, Grundtvig No. 7; Irish 8; German 41; Austrian: Haiding Nos. 30, 31; Italian 9 (Tuscan 554 b, [314] d, [891 quatcr], [891 quinquies] 4y Sicilian 5, Gonzenbach Nos. 29, 177); Ru­ manian 6, Sainenu 459; Hungarian 45; Czech: Tillc Soupis II (2) 3— 17, 72—87, FFG XXXIV 101ff., 10\ Slovenian (552) 1; Serbocroatian (552) 3; Serbocroatian (552A) 6; Polish 2; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 8, Afanasiev 25; Greek 13y Hahn No. 25, Dawkins 45 Stories 157f.; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 218, cf. 215. — Franco-American 6; SpanishAmerican: Rael Nos. 203, 204 (U.S.); Gape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 208 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 2; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 409ff. 552B The Animal Sons-in-law and their Magic Food. The unsuccessful imitation. See analysis: I b, c; II c, d. Latvian (*299) 5; Lithuanian 3; Swedish 8 (Liungman 5, misc. 3); Norwegian (552**) .9, Solheim 1; Russian: Afanasiev 3; India 2.

FFG 184

553

The Types of the Folktale

199

The Raven Helper. A youth shoots a raven; saving of the princess from a sea-monster. Cf. Type 300. I. The Raven-feather. (a) With a feather of the raven the youth gets magic objects and treasure from the raven’s sister. II. Rescue of Princess. See Type 300: IV (recue from sea-monster); VI e; VII a, d, (ej. Motifs: I. IT78.4. Youth shoots raven and takes feather to raven’s sister as token. B451.5. Helpful raven. B501. Animal gives part of body as talisman for summoning its aid. D532. Transformation by putting on claw, feather, etc. of helpful animal. D1021. Magic feather. II. H982. Animals help man perform task. B582.2. Animals help hero win princess. *BP II 22 n. 1 (Grimm No. 62). — Finnish 3; Finnish-Swedish 1; Lithuanian 1; Swedish 9 (Uppsala 7, Stockholm 7, misc. 7); Norwegian 7; Danish 10, Grundtvig No. 4; Irish 1; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 112; German 3; Hungarian 1; Slovenian 1; Russian: Andrejev. — FrancoAmerican 2. 554 The Grateful Animals. A youth earns the thanks of several animals (ants, fish, etc.) and with their help wins the princess by performing three tasks imposed upon him (brings a ring from the bottom of the sea, etc.). I. The Animals’ Gratitude. The hero, (a) the youngest of three brothers, (b) rescues from danger or starvation three animals (ants, ducks, bees, raven, fish, fox, etc.). II. The Tasks. With their help (a) he wins a beautiful bride and per­ forms various tasks: (b) sorting out scattered seeds or beads, (c) bringing a ring or key from the bottom of the sea, (d) bringing the water of life and of death (cf. Type 551), (e) building a magic palace, (f) choosing a princess from others identically clad, (cf. Type 313 II d), or (g) hiding from the princess (cf. Type 329). Cf. Types 302, 316, 329, 531, 552, 553, 559. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: v I. L10. Victorious youngest son. Q2. Kind and unkind. B350. Grateful animals. B391. Animal grateful for food. B360. Animals grateful for rescue from peril of death. B481.1. Helpful ant. B469.4. Helpful duck. B4-81.3. Helpful bee. B451.5. Helpful raven. B470. Helpful fish. B435.1. Helpful fox. B463.1. Helpful sea-bird. II. B582. 2. Animals help hero win princess. H982. Animals help man perform task. B571. Animals perform tasks for man. H I091. Task: sorting a large amount of grain (beads, beans, peas) in one night. B548.2.1. Fish recovers ring from sea. B548.2.2. Fish recovers key from sea. HI 132.1.1. Task: recovering lost ring from sea. H1132.1.2. Task: recovering lost key from sea. H I321.1. Quest for water of life. HI 133.1. Task: building magic castle. HI 131.1. Castle produced by magic. H324-.

200

Stith T hom pson

FFG 184-

Suitor test: choosing princess from others identically clad. H162. Re­ cognition of disguised princess by bee lighting on her. H321. Suitor test: hiding from princess. She has magic sight. *BP I 134, II 19, cf. II 451 (Grimm Nos. 17, 62); Coffin 2. — Finnish 11; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 60; Livonian 6; Lithuanian4#, (554 A*) 14; Lappish 1; Swedish 11 (Uppsala 2, Goteborg 2, Liungman 4, misc. 3 ); Danish 15; Norwegian 2; Scottish 2; Irish 55; French 7; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 3, 149, 152, 194; Flemish 10; Walloon 1 (cf. 514A); German 37; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 24, (Tuscan 554 a, c, [878], [889], [916], cf. [308 a] 7, Friuli 5, Sicilian 6, Gonzenbach Nos. 29, 83); Hungarian 16; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 317f., 374—387, II (2) 171ff. FFG XXXIV 207—210, 345f. 16; Slovenian 18; Serbocroatian 5; Polish 24; Russian: Azadowsky Russkaya Skazka No. 5, Andrejev Ukraine 16>Afanasiev 24; Greek24, Loukatos No. 16; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 61, 215 III, 253 III 3; India 15; Indonesian: DeVries No. 184. — Franco-American 12; Spanish-American: Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Puerto Rico) (554**A, 554* *B, 554**0) 5, (Cuba) 1; West Indies (Negro) 7. 554* A Youth Rescues Two Sea Birds [B360]. They provide him with a knife [D1083] and a ring [D1076]. Wooing a bride. Lappish 1. 554A* King of Fishes Protects Fisher who puts him back in the water. Calls fish by whistl­ ing. Performs king's tasks, etc. Cf. Type 303. French 1. 554B* The Boy in the Eagle’s JVcst. Boy is carried off by eagle and raised in nest with eaglets. Eagle helps him woo princess and later rescues her from giant. Swedish: Liungman (GS 553) 1. 554C* Dog Warns Master against Buying a Cow. Cow soon dies. Polish (666A) 1. 555

The Fisher and his Wife. The fish fulfills all the wishes of the wife of a poor fisher. I. The Wishes Obtained, (a) A poor fisher catches a fish who is a trans­ formed monster and puts him back in the water; in gratitude the fish grants all the wishes of the wife; — or (b) a poor man goes to heaven on a beanstalk and secures in return for his prayers the granting of his wife’s wishes. II. The Wishes. The wife’s wishes become more and more extravagant (to be duke, king, pope, God) until she finally loses all. Motifs: I. B170. Transformation: man to fish. B375.1. Fish returned to water: grateful. D 1761.0.1. Wishes granted without limit. F54.2. Plant grows to sky. II. G773.1. Tabu: making unreasonable requests. Given power of ful­ filling all wishes, person oversteps moderation and is punished. J 5 14.

m : 1154

T h e T ypes of the Folktale

201

One should not be too greedy. Q338. Immoderate request punished. L420. Overweening ambition punished. **M. Rommel Von dan Fischer un syner Fru (diss. Karlsruhe, 1935); *M. de Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthemas 103ff.; *BP I 138 (Grimm No. 19); Coffin 2. — Finnish 16; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 16; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 77, (555A*) 24, (*774) 4; Lappish 2; Swedish 36 (Uppsala 5, Goteborg 16, Lund 7, Liungman 5, misc. 9); Norwegian 2; Danish 7; Icelandic 7; Irish 41, Beal XIV 273ff.; French 32; Catalan: Amacles Nos. 3, 74', 166, 167, 777, cf. 168; Dutch 4; Flemish 18; Walloon cf. 779 I, 779 II; German 43; Austrian: Raiding No. 470; Italian 2 (Tuscan [1354] a, cf. [1354] b 2; Rumanian 4, (949B*) 7; Hungarian 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 455 2; Slovenian 6; Polish 12; Russian: Afanasiev 19; Greek 7, Loukatos No. 14; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 70, cf. 178; Indonesian: DeVries No. 185. — Franco-American 4; SpanishAmerican: Hansen (Cuba) 7, (Puerto Rico) 6; West Indies (Negro) 6. — African 77. 556A* The Good Stepmother. The hero weeps on his mother’s grave and she appears and imposes tasks. His good stepmother helps him. Grateful animals help him when summoned. The stepmother’s sister gives magic objects. With these he performs the tasks, disenchants a princess, returns home and rescues his stepmother from the stake Icelandic (556 I*) 7, (556 IV*) 7, (556 V*) 7. 556B* Curse and Countercurse. The hero wins a chess game from woman clad in red (blue, green). Curse: No rest for him until he performs tasks — go into woods where birds, dogs, and cattle will seize bear. Countercurse. Good stepmother and grateful animals help. Task: to bring corn (feathers) scattered by the wind, to kill ox. He finds the life-egg of giants and kills them. He flees with imprisoned princess on a flying cloak (transformed eggs) and marries her. Icelandic (556 II*) 7. 556C* Stepmother and Giantess. Prince hidden in room where his stepmother sleeps. Every night she is visited by a frightful giantess. When the prince is discovered, the giantess lays a curse on him with tasks to perform. These are cumulative. He is helped by persons and animals. He escapes by a magic flight and disenchants his half-giantess stepmother. Icelandic (556 III*) 8. 556D* The Crying Child. A queen wanting to abandon a child dies instead. The child weeps continually. The king finds a new wife in the house of a large-eyed kindly monster. When the marriage takes place the child stops crying. The new step­ mother tells her story. Trolls have abducted her, her sister and her father. The large-eyed monster has saved them. The prince later succeeds with the monster’s help. Icelandic (556 VI*) 2. 556E* Kind and Unkind Brothers. Youngest brother gets help of little men or animals who perform his tasks. Icelandic (556 VIII*) 7. 556F* The Shepherd in the Service of a Witch. Is to drive the witch’s herd'(her daughters) to pasture [HI 199.12.2]. Grateful animals give help. Lithuanian (*557) 4. 559 Dungbectle. The princess made to laugh. Making an absurd parade.,

202

Stith Thom pson

FFG 184

Later forcing the noble suitor out of his bridal bed. Gf. Types 571 —574, 621. I. Making Princess Laugh, (a) A princess has been offered to the man who can make her laugh, (b) The hero accomplishes this by means of absurd situations into which he places people (c) with the help of grate­ ful animals or (d) magic objects (a rope that binds and tightens, a magic fiddle, etc.) which he has bought. II. Rescue from Imprisonment, (a) By means of the animals or (b) the objects, he is rescued from a lion’s den into which he is thrown. III. Driving out the Bridegroom. (a) In the same manner, when he has been refused the princess in reward, he causes wasps to attack and drive out successive rivals on the bridal night, (b) The princess recognizes his power and marries him. Motifs: I. T68. Princess offered as prize. H341. Suitor test: making princess laugh. Sadfaced princess has never laughed. H341.1. Princess brought to laughter by people sticking together. B350. Grateful animals. H982. Animals help man perform task. 13571. Animals perform tasks for man. B582.2. Animals help hero win princess. B482.2. Helpful dungbeetle. D1411.1. Magic rope binds person. D1415.2.5. Magic fiddle causes dancing. II. B544. Animal rescues captive. D1395. Magic object frees person from prison. III. B481.5. Helpful hornet. B481.4*. Helpful wasp. T171. Bridegroom driven from bridal chamber by magic. Usually by hornets or wasps. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. *BP II 454 n. 1. — Finnish 12; Estonian 15; Lithuanian 8; Norwegian 1; Danish 5, Grundtvig No. 20B; Irish 6*7, Beal X 3f. No. 26; French 7; Flemish 5; German: Ranke 6; Austrian: Haiding No. 25; Italian 3 (Pentamerone III No. 5, Friuli 2); Hungarian 1; Czech: Tille FFG XXXIV 231; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Afanasiev 4; Greek 1; Turkish: Kunos (1887) No. 28. — Franco-American 16; West Indies (Negro) 1; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 41 Iff. — African 1. MAGIC OBJECTS 560—568 T h e M a g i c but

560

Object

he F o r c e s

is S t o l e n f r o m . t h e

Hero

its R e t u r n

The Magic Ring. The grateful animals (cat and dog) recover it for himSee analysis below: I a, b; II; III; IV a. Analysis: Types 560 and 561. I. Magic Object Received. The hero receives a magic ring (stone) which will perform all the wishes of the owner, from (a) a man whose son the

FFC lit 1

T h e Types of the Folktale

203

Into lias saved from death or (b) a cat and dog he has saved or rescued; or (o) he finds it. II. Magic Castle. By means of his wishing ring he builds a magic castle, and marries the king’s daughter. III. Theft of Magic Object. The wishing ring is stolen (a) by the wife or (b) by a third person who wants to possess the wife. — (c) The castle and wife are transported to a distant island. IV. Recovery of Object, (a) The hero recovers the missing object with the help of the grateful cat and dog who swim to the island and compel a mouse to steal the ring from the thief’s mouth, or (b) with the help of a second magic object which transports the hero to the island, (c.) The castle and princess arc restored. Motifs: I. D810. Magic object a gift. D812. Magic object received from a supernatural being. D 1470.1. Magic wishing-object. Object causes wishes to be fulfilled. D 1470.1.15. Magic wishing-ring. D817.1. Magic object received from man in return for rescue of child. B360. Animals grateful for rescue from peril of death. B505. Magic object received from animal. B421. Helpful dog. B422. Helpful cat. 13840. Magic object found. II. D 1662.1. Magic object works by being stroked. D 1131.1. Castle produced by magic. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. III. D860. Loss of magic object. D861.5. Magic object stolen by hero’s wife. K2213. Treacherous wife. D861.4. Magic object stolen by rival for wife. D2136.2. Castle magically transported. IV. D882. Magic object stolen back. B548.1. Animals recover lost wishing ring. Grateful cat, dog, and snake compel mouse to steal it from thief. K431. Mouse’s tail in mouth of sleeping thief causes him to cough up swallowed magic rin£. D882.1.1. Stolen magic object stolen back by helpful cat and dog. They steal the ring from the thief’s mouth. 13881. Magic object recovered by using second magic object. **Aarne MSFO XXV 3—82; *BP II 541 ff.; *Espinosa III 67; Coffin 6. — Italian (Tuscan [870] 1); Czech: Tille Soupis I 208—212 5, FFC XXXIV 268ff.; Slovenian 6; Scrbocroatian 4; Russian: Afanasiev 45; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 58; India 21; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX No. 13. 560A* Magic Ring and Flying Horse. Youngest brother with rope and nails scales walls ' of castle where three princesses are held. He lets them out. His two older brothers pull out nails before he can descend. Youngest princess leaves a wishing ring with hero. He wishes for flying horse and escapes. In disguise he works as servant in palace. His brothers marry the two older princesses. Youngest recognizes hero as servant and tells king she will marry him. King becomes ill from the shock. Older brothers search for lion’s milk to cure him. Hero obtains milk with wishing ring and trades it to brothers for gold balls king gave them for wedding presents. Hero puts enemy to flight with the ring. He gives brothers conquered flags for

204

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FFG 184-

permission to brand them. King consents to marriage of hero with youngest princess. Finally the heroes brothers* deceits are revealed and balls and brand are shown as evidence. Brothers are turned out. Gf. Types 301, 314, 550. Spanish-American: Hansen (560 A) (Puerto Rico) 7. 560B* Cat and Mice and Magic Box. Witch follows ox into cave and they fall to island of mice. Man locks cave entrance. Witch arranges with mice to steal magic box from man. Mice steal it but man catches one mouse that promises to lead him to box in return for freedom. Man hides cat in his bosom and when mice threaten him, he lets cat loose. Mice return box on condition that cat does not harm them. Man returns home unharmed. Spanish-American: Hansen (560**6) (Puerto Rico) 7. 560G* Doll Producing Gold Stolen and Recovered. French 4, Antilles 2. 561

Aladdin. The object recovered by means of another magic object. For analysis see Type 560 (I c; II; III; IV b, c). Motifs: I. D812.5. Magic object received from genie. D840. Magic object found. D 1470.1.5. Magic wishing-ring. D 1470.1.16. Magic wishinglamp. D1421.1.5. Magic lamp summons genie. D1662.2. Magic lamp works by being stroked. II. D 1131.1. Castle produced by magic. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. III. K2213. Treacherous wife. D860. Loss of magic object. D871.1. Magic object exchanged for worthless. Foolish brother (wife) exchanges old object for new. D2136.2. Castle magically transported. IV. D881. Magic object recovered by using second magic object. **Aarne MSFO XXV 3—82; *BP II 547; Coffin 3. — Finnish 11; Estonian 5; Lithuanian 4; Lappish 2; Swedish 6 (Uppsala 7, Lund 7, Liungman 7, misc. 3); Norwegian Solheim 7; Danish 9, Grundtvig No. 6C; Irish 44; French 77; Catalan: Amades Nos. 109, 178; Flemish 6; German: Ranke 16; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 16 (Tuscan 561 a—c, 675 a, b 5, Sicilian 2); Rumanian 7; Hungarian 4; Czech: Tille Soupis I 6—30, II (1) 217ff. 14, FFC XXXIV 256; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 15; Polish 6; Russian: Afanasiev 5; Greek: Dawkins Modem Greek Folk­ tales No. 8; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 180, cf. 173 15; India 2. — Franco-American 8; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons XV (1) 364 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 7; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 397ff., cf. also (Cowichan) Hill-Tout JAT XXXIV 374ff.

562

The Spirit in the Blue Light ( — Andersen’s »Fire-Steel»). Three nights in succession the spirit brings the princess to the hero. In his flight the hero leaves the blue light behind. A comrade brings it to him in prison and it saves him from punishment. The spirit comes in response to a light made by a fire steel or firestone found in an underground room. When the hero is to be executed he asks permission to light his pipe and thus calls the spirit to his rescue.

M otifs:

1)1426. Magic object draws woman to man. D845. Magic object found in underground room. D1470.1. Magic wishing-object. Object wishes to be fulfilled. D 1421.1.4. Magic light summons genie. N813. Helpful genie. D 1421.1.2. Magic fire-steel summons genie. K551. Res­ pite from death until particular act is performed. D1391. Magic object saves person from execution. **Aarne MSFO XXV 3—83, especially 57; *BP II 535 (Grimm No. 116). — Finnish 43; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 15; Lithuanian 17; Swedish 6 (Uppsala 3, Goteborg 1, misc. 2); Danish 5, Grundtvig No. 6A; Irish 30; French 7; Catalan: Amades No. 220; Flemish 1; German: Ranke 33; Austrian: Haiding No. 469; Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis I 27, 606ff. 6, FFC XXXIV 271; Slovenian 4; Polish 6; Russian: Andrejev 2; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav cf. No. 219,291 V ;India 1. — Franco-American 2. 563

The Table, the Ass, and the Stick. The stick compels the treacherous host of the ?rcn to give back the table and the ass. See analysis below: I a, b, c, d; II a, (b) d. Analysis: Types 563 and 564. I. The Magic Objects, (a) A poor man receives three magic objects: (b) a table or sack that supplies itself' with food, (c) a gold-dropping ass, (d) and a cudgel or (e) a sack containing a mannikin that beats an enemy until called off by its owner. II. The Objects Stolen and Recovered, (a) The first two objects are stolen by the host of an inn, (b) by the hero’s brothers (c) or by a neighbor, (d) By means of the cudgel or sack the other objects are recovered. Motifs: I. S327. Child cast out because of his stupidity. D1470.1. Magic wishing-object. Object causes wishes to be fulfilled. D1472.1.7. Magic table supplies food and drink. D 1472.1.22. Magic sack (purse) supplies food and drink. D 1030.1. Food supplied by magic. B103.1.1. Goldproducing ass. Droppings of gold. D1401.2. Magic sack furnishes man­ nikin who cudgels enemies. D 1601.5. Automatic cudgel. D 1401.1. Magic club (stick) beats person. D1651.2. Magic cudgel works only for master. II. D861.1. Magic object stolen by host (at inn). K2241. Treacherous innkeeper. D861.3. Magic object stolen by brothers. D861.2. Magic object stolen by neighbor. J2355.1. Fool loses magic objects by talking about them. D881.2. Recovery of magic object bv use of magic cudgel. **Aarne JSFO XXVII 1—96; *BP I 349 (Grimm No. 36); Coffin 10; M. de Meyer Vlaamsche Sprookjesthcmas 112ff. — Finnish 78; FinnishSwedish 9; Estonian 26; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 44; Lappish 1; Swedish 39 (Uppsala 8} Stockholm 4, Goteborg 5, Lund 2, Liungman 70, misc. 10); Norwegian 20; Danish 53> Grundtvig No. 61; Icelandic 2; Scottish 2; Irish (*564) 216, Beal X 3f. No. 26; English 1; French 77; Catalan:

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Amades No. 36, 86, 167; Dutch 3; Flemish 16, Wittcrvck (p. 300) 16; German: Henssen Volk No. 133, Ranke 54; Austrian: Haiding No. 40; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 53 (Pentamerone I No. 1, Tuscan 563 a, b, f, L 4, Friuli 4, Sicilian 4); Rumanian 13; Hungarian 21; Czech: Tillc Soupis I 516—523, 525—530 20; Slovenian 8; Serbocroatian 13, (563 I) 1; Polish 27; Russian: Andrejcv Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 13; Greek 19, Hahn No. 43, Loukatos No. 17; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 176, 258 III 24; Berber: Laoust 109; India 20; Indonesian: DeVries No. 187. — Franco-American 13, French Antilles 5; English-American: Nova Scotia: MAFLS XXIV 33f., Baughman 4; Spanish-American: Rael No. 217—219 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 2, (Dominican Republic) 3, (Puerto Rico) 8; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 99 n. 1; West Indies (Negro) 18; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 413f. — African 14. 564

The Magic Providing Purse and »Out, Boy, out of the Sach!» The rich neigh­ bor steals the magic objects. By means of the sack the hero compels the return of the purse. t For analysis see Type 563: I a, b, c, e; II c, d. **Aarne JSFO XXVII (1909) 48; *Krohn FFC XCVI 48ff. — Fin­ nish 63; Finnish-Swcdish 1; Estonian 15; Lithuanian 15; Swedish 1; Danish 1, Grundtvig No. 61; Irish (*563)2/6'; Catalan: Amades Nos. 186, 192; Dutch 1; Flemish 1; German 1; Italian (Tuscan 563 c, e, m, p 4, Sicilian 2); Czech: Tille Soupis I 523f., 525ff. 10; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 14; Russian: Afanasiev 17; Turkestan: Radloff V III No. 24; India 6. — Franco-American 1; Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) /. 565 The Magic Mill. Grinds an enormous amount of meal or salt when the man who has stolen it cannot stop it. I. The Magic Mill (Pot). The hero or heroine receives (a) a magic pot that fills itself with porridge or (b) a mill that grinds meal or salt, (c) Only the owner can command it to stop. II. The Mill Keeps Grinding, (a) In the absence of the heroine her mother commands the pot to work but she cannot stop it and it fills the house with porridge until the owner returns to stop it; or (b) the thief of the object cannot stop it and must give it back to the owner; or (c) a ship-captain steals the mill and takes it aboard ship, where he com­ mands it to grind salt. He cannot stop it and it sinks the ship and keeps grinding. This is why the sea is salt. Motifs: I. D 1601.10.1. Self-cooking pot. D1472.1.9. Magic pot supplies food and drink. D 1601.21.1. Self-grinding salt-mill. D1651. Magic object obeys master alone. II. D 1651.3. Magic cooking-pot obeys only master. G916.3. Magic porridge-pot keeps cooking. Against command, mother of owner bids

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pot lo cook. It fills house with porridge and will not stop until ordered bv mistress. A1115.2. Why the sea is salt: magic salt mill. *BP II 438 (Grimm No. 103); Aarne JSFO XXVII (1909) 67, 80; *J auiigman SSF III 205ff.; Krohn FFG XGVI 48. — Finnish 52; Finnish-Swedish 6; Estonian 6; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 4; Lappish 1; Swedish 32 (Uppsala 3, Stockholm 1, Goteborg 8, Lund 2, Liungrnan 4, misc. 9); Norwegian 8; Danish 26> Grundtvig No. 65; Icelandic 3; Irish 62, Beal III 53f. No. 3, XIV 215, XVIII 94f.; French 3; Catalan: Amades No. 57; German: Ranke 15; Austrian: Haiding No. 4; Czech: Tille Soupis I 530f. 2; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 3; Polish 3, (738) 2; Russian: Andrejcv 1; Greek 1; Indonesian: DeVries No. 189; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 107f. No. 63, FFC CXXVIII 81f. No. 38. — Franco-American 3; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 238 n. 2; West Indies (Negro) 2. — African (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 33. 566

The Three Magic Objects and the Wonderful Fruits (Fortunatus). The return of the objects is brought about with an apple, the eating of which causes horns to grow. I. The Magic Objects: (a) Three men each receive from a mannikin or from enchanted princess a magic object: (b) a self-filling purse (mantle), (c) a traveling-cap, (d) and a horn (whistle) that furnishes soldiers. II. Loss of Objects, (a) The objects are one by one stolen by a princess with whom the hero plays cards, (b) By means of the traveling-cap they transport the princess to a distant place, but she escapes. III. The Magic Apple. The hero eats an apple that causes horns to grow on his head; later he finds a fruit that removes them. IV. Recovery of the Objects, (a) The hero returns to the court and suc­ ceeds in causing the princess to eat an apple; horns grow on her head, (b) In payment for curing her he receives back the magic objects. Motifs: I. D812. Magic object received from supernatural being. N821. Help from little man. D5. Enchanted person. D1470.1. Magic wishing-objcct. Object causes wishes to be fulfilled. D1451. Inexhaustible purse furnishes money. D1455.1. Magic mantle provides treasure. D1520. Magic object affords miraculous transportation. D1520.ll. Magic transportation by cap (hat). D1475.1. Magic soldier-producing horn. II. K2213. Treacherous wife. D861.6. Magic object stolen in card game. R210. Escapes. III. D992.1. Magic horns (grow on person’s forehead). D 1375.1. Magic objects (fruit, vegetables, charm, flowers, drink) cause horns to grow on person. D 1376.1. Magic objects (fruit, ring) make nose long (restore it). D 1375.2. Magic object (fruit, nut, water, flowers) removes horns from person. D881.1. Recovery of magic object by use of magic apples. These apples cause horns to grow. D895. Magic object returned in payment for removal of magic horns.

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**Aarne MSFO XXV 85—97; *BP I 470ff., cf. III 3ff. (Grimm \ n. 122); Coffin 4. — Finnish 80; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 23; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 47; Lappish 1; Swedish 11 (Uppsala 7, Gblcborg 2, Liungman 2, misc. 6); Norwegian 7; Danish 25, Grundlvig No. 63; Icelandic 2; Scottish 1; Irish 85, Beal IV 3981'., VI 280f, IX 1020.1.; French 27; Catalan: Amades Nos. 29, 52, 77, 136, 146; Dutch 2; Flemish 4; German: Ranke 23; Austrian: Haiding No. 12; Italian 7 (Tuscan 563 g, n, q 3, Sicilian 4, Gonzenbach No. 30); Rumanian 7; Hungarian 8; Czech: Title Soupis II (1) 283—303 3, FFC XXIV 273; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 4; Polish 8, (560A) 2; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 7, Afanasiev 30; Greek 16, Hahn No. 44; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 174 III, IV, 175 17; India 4; Indonesian: DeVries No. 189; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 253 No. 196. — Franco-American 8; SpanishAmerican: Rael No. 244 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 1, (Chile) 1, (Puerto Rico) 1; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 238 n. 2; West Indies (Negro) 2; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 3991T. 567

The Magic Bird-heart. I. The Bird-heart. The hero eats the heart of the magic bird and there­ by receives the power (a) of spitting gold or (b) of finding each day a coin under his pillow; or (c) he will become king. II. The Treacherous Wife. A woman (or his own wife) causes him to vomit the bird heart and casts him out. III. Transformation of the Wife. He finds a magic herb which transforms one to an ass. He succeeds with this in changing the wife to an ass and avenging himself. Motifs: I. D1470.1. Magic wishing-object. Object causes wishes to be fulfilled. B113.1. Treasure-producing bird-heart. Brings riches when eaten. D 1561.1.1. Magic bird-heart (when eaten) brings man to knightship. M312.3. Eater of magic bird-heart will become rich (or king). II. D861.5. Magic object stolen by hero’s wife. K2213.'Treacherous wife. III. D965. Magic plant. D983. Magic vegetables. D551.2. Trans­ formation by eating vegetable. D 132.1. Transformation: man to ass. D661. Transformation as punishment. Similar (with the difference in magic object and the vegetable) to Type 566. Often an introduction to Type 303. **Aarne MSFO XXV 143—200; *BP I 528, *111 3 (Grimm Nos. 60, 122); Coffin 3; *Ranke FFC CXIV 113ff. — Finnish 52; FinnishSwedish 4; Estonian 15; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 33; Lappish 1; Swedish 6 (Uppsala 1, Goteborg 1, Liungman 1, misc. 3); Norwegian 35; Danish 9; Scottish: Campbcll-McKay No. 15; Irish 132, Beal VI 270ff.; French 12; Catalan: Amades No. 61; Dutch 1; Flemish 1; German: Ranke 33; Italian 4 (Tuscan [329], [870], [890] 3, Sicilian 1); Rumanian

9; Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis I 257, 346f., 548ff.) 8, FFC XXIV 29Iff.; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 4; Polish 10; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 36; Greek 15, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 22; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 174, 175 III, 220 III 16; Turkestan: Radloff IV 477; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 68; India cf. 567A; Indonesian: DeVries No. 190. — Franco-American 10; Spanish-Amcrican: Rael No. 243 (U.S.), Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1; West Indies (Negro) 4. — African 1. 567A The Magic Bird-Heart and the Separated Brothers. I. Two Brothers Wander in the Forest. (a) They are driven forth when their stepmother claims they have insulted her [K2111], or (b) are driven forth for other reasons [S322.4], (c) They are spared by the man charged with executing them. He kills an animal and brings its'blood, etc., as proof of the death of the brothers [K512]. (d) The queen sees the hen-sparrow feed thorns or fish bones to its stepchildren and asks her husband not to remarry if she should die [J 134.1]. He does, however. II. The Magic Object, (a) They discover a magic object (bird, fruit, etc.) which when eaten, will make one king, the other rich, etc. (b) Birds predict that one brother will be made king, the other rich, (c) The magic bird is prepared as a meal for another (by their mother) but the brothers eat it by mistake and flee. III. The Adventures of the Elder Brother, (a) The brothers are separated (b) when one goes to look for water [N311]. (c) In a kingdom where the king has recently died the royal elephant chooses the older brother who is made king [HI 71.1]. (d) Or the elder brother is chosen a king in souk* other way. IV. The Adventures of the Younger Brother, (a) The younger brother falls into the hands of a ship-owner and is to be sacrificed so that a becalmed ship may sail [S264.1]. (b) He is carried to a distant land and wins a bride, (c) On the return voyage he is cast overboard (but is helped by his bride), (dj He wins other brides, (e) The younger brother, who magically produces gold, gems, etc., is imprisoned by a strange, king, etc., and forced to produce gold, etc.? V. Reunion, (a) In the kingdom of his older brother, the younger is recognized by his brother and made prime minister, or (b) The older brother searches for, and finds, his younger brother. India 17. 569

The Knapsack, the Hat, and the Horn [D1472.1.22, D1475.4, D1475.1, D1222]. The youngest of three brothers finds a magic object [D840, D 1470.1], exchanges it for another, and by means of the second, secures the first one again [D831]. Objects produce food, soldiers, etc. Makes war against the king. Gf. Type 465A. *BP I 464 (Grimm No. 54); Coffin 2. — Finnish 12; Estonian 4; Lithuanian 17; Swedish (misc.) 2; Norwegian 1; Danish 14, Grundtvig

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No. 61G; Irish 44> Beal IV 228f. No. 2; French 5; Catalan: Amades No. 192, cf. 105; Flemish 77; German 18. Meckl. Nos. 34, 79; Hungarian 10; Czech: Tille Soupis I 524f., 532—550, II (1) 294ff., FFC XXXIV 280f. 20; Slovenian 2; Russian: Afanasiev 8; Greek 7, Hahn No. 15; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 169 III; India 2; Indonesian: DeVries No. 191. — Franco-American 8; English-American: Baughman 2; Spanish-American: Rael No. 225 (U.S.j; West Indies (Negro) 1; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 404, 406, 408. 570 The Rabbit-herd. With the help of his magic pipe he calls the rabbits to­ gether. He wins the hand of the princess. I. Task: Herding Rabbits. A king offers the princess as a prize to the man who can herd his rabbits (goats). He has a pipe with which he can call the animals back. II. Youngest Brother's Success, (a) Two elder brothers are unkind to an old woman and fail, but the youngest is kind and receives a pipe with which he can assemble the animals. III. Bargains for Magic Pipe. (a) In the attempt to buy the pipe from him the princess or the queen kisses him, (b) or lies with him; or (c) the king kisses a horse’s rump. IV. A Sack of Lies, (a) Before finally granting him the princess, the king orders the boy to tell a sack of lies, (b) He begins to tell until the king (queen) makes him stop and gives him the princess. — Adapted from Christiansen Norske Eventyr. Motifs: I. T68. Princess offered as prize. H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. HI 112. Task: herding rabbits. D1441.1.2. Magic pipe calls animals together. II. Q2. Kind and unkind. L I3. Compassionate youngest son. B845. Wild animals herded. N821. Help from little man. N825. Old person as helper. III. K1358. Woman kisses (lies with) hero in return for his magic whistle. K1288. King induced to kiss horse’s rump: trickster then threatens to tell. IV. H I045. Task: filling a sack full of lies (truths). K1271.1.1. The bag of lies: threat to tell of queen’s adultery. L161. Lowly hero marries princess. *BP III 267ff. (Grimm No. 165 incident C); DF XLV 134 No. 7; Arts et Traditions Populaires I 274; Coffin 2. — Finnish 79; FinnishSwedish 5; Estonian (1630* incident IV) 1; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 13; Lappish 1; Swedish 21 (Uppsala 6, Goteborg 2, Lund 7, misc. 12); Norwegian 13; Danish 29, Grundtvig No. 18B; Icelandic 4; Irish 77; French 23; Spanish 5; Catalan: Amades Nos. 144, 170, 194; Dutch 7; German: Ranke 57, Meckl. No. 74; Austrian: Haiding No. 29; Italian 7 (Tuscan 554C 7); Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 279ff.,

FFC 181

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The Types of the Folktale

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303ff., :ip71T., 319IT., FFC XXXIV 23Iff., 236ff. 15; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 15; Polish 7, (515) 2; Russian: Andrejev 2> (*1630) 2; Greek 3; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 58 III, 182 III, IV, 232 IV, V. — Franco-Arricrican 14; English-American: Baughman 3; SpanishAmerkan: Rael Nos. 3, 7, 9, 316 (U.S.); Portuguese-American (Bra­ zilian) : CamaraJjfascudo p. 139; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV'(1) 251; We$t Indies (Negro) 3. 570A The Princess- and the Magic Fisl&ldn. She gives herself to a fisherman in exchange for a gold-producing fish-skin. She bears a child and is ex­ pelled. With the help of the fishrskin she builds a palace. Her father un­ wittingly woos her so as to receive the fish-skin. She makes herself known and shames him*. Greek: Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 4, Hahn No. 109; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 71, cf. No. 193 5; Arab: Littmann p. 339. 570A* The Lying Boy. A boy who always lies is visited by a fairy who tells him not to lie or she will punish him. He lies three times and three noses grow on his face. To remove them he must tell three truths. Spanish-American: Hansen (836**Jj (Puerto Rico) 1. 570B* The Sheep and the Magic Flute, (a) A shepherd rescues a sheep from death, (b) runs away, is lost at sea and rescued by a fish, (c) He receives a magic flute, the sound of which gathers the sheep (cf. Type 570); (d) among them is a queen, enchanted by a shepherd. Polish (404) 1. 571—574 Making the Princess Laugh. (Often followed by: He to whom the princess turns in bed may have her as reward. — Cf. Type 621). 571 »All Stick Together.» All remain hanging to the magic object: bundle of hay, cow, servant boy, preacher, etc. I. The Golden Goose, (a) Of three brothers only the youngest divides food and drink with a hungry man and receives as reward a golden goose; or (b) he gets the magic animal by a lucky bargain (cf. Type 1415). II. All Stick Together, (a) To the magic goose the innkeeper’s daughter, who has stolen a golden feather at niglft, sticks fast, as do also the parson, the sexton, and three peasants. III. Makitig the Princess Laugh, (a) By means of this strange sight or (b) through three small animals or (c) the foolish acts of the hero or (d) other strange sights, the sad-faced princess is made to laugh, (e) In re­ turn for this service the hero is to marry her. IV. Tasks. Before receiving her he is assigned tasks: (a) drinking a cellar full of wine, (b) eating up a mountain of bread, (c) making a land and water ship. He accomplishes these with the aid of his extraordinary companions. See Type 513. — Adapted from BP. Motifs: I. Q2. Kind and unkind. L I3. Compassionate youngest son. D817.

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Magic object received from grateful person. N421. Luckv bargain. N102.1. Golden bird. B172. Magic bird. II. K422. Thief rendered helpless by magic. D1413. Magic object holds person fast. D2171.3.1. Magic adhesion to goose. D2171.5. Persons magically stick together. III. H341. Suitor test: making princess laugh. H341.1. Princess brought to laughter by people sticking together (H341.2, by small animals; H341.3, by foolish actions of hero). T68. Princess offered as prize. IV. HI 142.1. Task: drinking wine cellar empty. HI 141.1. Task: eating mountain of bread. D 1533.1 -1. Magic land and water ship. F601.2. Extraordinary companions help hero in suitor tests. L 1G1. Lowly hero marries princess. *BP II 39 (Grimm No. 64) *Anderson Xovellinc No. 33; Coffin 5; *Ranke Schleswig-Holstemische Volksmarchen II 300. — Finnish 75; FinnishSwedish 12, (571*) 1; Estonian 15; Lithuanian 29; Lappish (571*) 1; Swedish 28 (Uppsala 13, Stockholm 4, Goteborg 3, Lund 6, Liungman 2, misc. 7); Norwegian 8; Danish 37, Grundtvig No. 20A; Icelandic cf. 2; Scottish 1; Irish 182, Beal IV Supplement Iff., XI 83f. No. 38, VI 169f. No. 162; English 1; French 20; Dutch 4; Flemish 11; German 87 (Ar­ chive 56, Ranke (571) 30, Meckl. No. 72); Austrian: Haiding No. 25; Italian: D’Aronco Fiabe 9 (Friuli 2, Tuscan 571 a, b, [2002] a, b 4, Sicilian 2); Rumanian 6; Hungarian 9; Czech: Tille Soupis I 375ff, II (1) 303ff., 312ff., FFC XXXIV 234 15; Slovenian 8; Serbocroatian 16, Istrian No. 18; Polish 3; Russian: Afanasiev 9; Greek 1, Hahn No. 110; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 182, cf. No. 92 9; India 2. — Franco-American 19; English-American: Baughman 3; SpanishAmerican: Rael Nos. 314, 316, 317—320 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 1; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 41 Iff. 57IA Tale of the Basin. Lover caught on magic basin and left in an embarrassing position. [K 1217]. *BP II 40; *Wesselski Marchen 216 No. 27; *Kittredge Witchcraft 201 nn. 102, 103; Spanish: Espinosa Nos. 126—132; India: ThompsonBalys. — Spanish-American (Puerto Rico): Mason-Espinosa JAFL XXXIV 174 No. 35. 571B The Himphamp. Lover of peasant’s (blacksmith’s) wife wishes to get rid of the husband. Has nobleman order him to perform impossible tasks [H931, H1010]: finally to make a »Himphamp» (fimfarum, wirrwarr). The husband gets help of the devil [D812.3] (or other supernatural being) and by means of a magic word or object prepares the »Himphamp» on which he binds together [D1413] in obscene situations the wife, the lover, the maid, etc. *BP II 4-Off.; *Ranke Schleswig-Holstemische Volksmarchen II 300. — German: Ranke 11; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1752*) 1; Czech* Tille Soupis I 375ff. 2; Serbocroatian 2.

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571C The Jtiling Doll. A girl is kind to an old lady and receives a magic doll that produces a quantity of money. An envious neighbor borrows the doll and it soils her bed. She throws it out of the house. It bites the king when he passes by. Only the girl is able to make it stop biting. She re­ covers the doll. Pentanieron V No. 1; Anderson Novelline II 37 No. 32, 63 No. 49. — Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 172; Spanish-American: Hansen (**568) (Chile) 2. 572* The Barking Dog’s Head, the Striking Axe, etc. Estonian 13. 572** Objects Given Away Lose Magic. A king persuades the hero to give him his magic objects, whereupon these objects lose their qualities. The king gives his daughter to the hero as wife; the objects disappear and he must maintain his son-in-law. Polish (572) 1. 573* An orphan girl receives three feathers from an old man; suitors from the courts woo her aggressively; the feathers punish them. Polish 1. 574* An old soldier receives a miraculous cane which fulfills his wishes (supplies food, drink, and bedding). A woman steals the cane, neglects herself, and when her daughter has destroyed the cane, falls into misery. Polish 1. 575

The Prince's Wings. Contest in the preparation of the most wonderful object. Wings. The prince buys the wings from a clever workman. The hero flies to the princess in the tower. They fly away together from the stake where they are to be burned. After they have flown away the father offers half his kingdom as reward to the one will return her. The prince flies back with her and enforces the bargain. Motifs: K1346. Hero flies to maiden’s room. F 1021.1. Flight on artificial wings. R111.3.1. Girl rescued by traveling through air. R215.1. Escape from execution pyre by means of wings. K442.1. Reward offered for stolen object (princess). Q,112. Half of kingdom as reward. L161. Lowly hero marries princess. *BP II 131 (Grimm No. 77 a). — Finnish 26; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 10; Lithuanian 12; Danish 4; Flemish 2; German: Ranke 9; Austrian: Haiding No. 15; Hungarian 1; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 36ff. 4, FFC XXXIV 308; Serbocroatian 1; Polish 1; Russian: Andrejev 7; Greek 3; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 136 III, 175 IV, 291 V; India 7. — Spanish-American: Rael No. 168 (U.S.).

576 (formerly 576******) The Magic Knife. A youth steals the knife from the robbers’ castle, kills them with it and wins the preacher’s daughter. He conquers his rival by means of the knife. Motifs: D838. Magic object acquired by stealing. D1083. Magic knife.

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D 1400.1.4.3. Magic knife conquers enemy. D 1400.1.6. Magic amulet in mouth conquers enemy. Finnish. 57GB* The Magic Knife [D1083]. Lappish (576*) 1. 576G* The Magic Saber. The hero with the help of a wizard [D812.6] forges a magic saber [D1082]. With it he equips the king's army and conquers the enemy [D1400.1.4.2]. Finnish-Swedish (576*) 1; Flemish (576*) 2; Danish 1. 576D* A Man Helps an Old Man [D817]. Gets from him a magic medicine, the drinking of which renders him invisible [D1361.22]. With its help he becomes rich. Finnish-Swedish (576***) L 576E* A Girl Receives Drops from a Witch which render her invisible [D1361.24]. She escapes from many perils. Finnish-Swedish (576*****). 577 The King's Tasks. The three brothers; the oak in the king’s castle yard. The king’s daughter is promised to the one who is able to perform certain difficult tasks, usually to cut down a large tree. The three brothers set out, and the youngest is the only one who pays attention to certain things they see on the way, or who shows kindness toward an old woman. Accordingly he receives magic objects. With these and with the informa­ tion he has he succeeds where the others fail. — Adapted from Christian­ sen FFC XLVI 25. Cf. Type 550. Motifs: H335. Tasks assigned suitors. Bride as prize for accomplishment. T68. Princess offered as prize. HI 115.1. Task: cutting down huge tree which magically regrows. D 1602.2. Felled tree raises itself again. D950.2. Magic oak tree. H I242. Youngest brother alone succeeds on quest. L13. Compassionate youngest son. Q2. Kind and unkind. H961. Tasks performed by close observation. H971.1. Tasks performed with help of old woman. H821. Magic object received. D1581. Task performed by use of magic object. D 1601.14. Self-chopping axe. D 1601.18.2. Self­ playing violin. D 1601.15. Automatic shovel. D 1601.16. Self-digging spade. L I61. Lowly hero marries princess. **Christiansen i S) I ami gels gold from die mountain | N >17 | . Ik- i u h l ami na nam. i , rj;, i 3n ‘ s . i i i k ‘ thing but i s killed | Ni 7 1 j . Tin i i t b bmthci ki nl s l : i " i ; . scales ;1

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A Goteborg 7, Liungman 2, misc. 9); French 72; Spanish 5; Catalan: Amades Nos. 41, 108, 352, cf. 135; Flemish 1; German 5 (Archive 4> Merk. 313); Italian 2 (Tuscan [208] 1, Sicilian 1); Hungarian 6; Serbocroatian 27; Polish 6; Russian: Afanasiev 19; Albanian: Lambertz 189ff.; Greek 9, Hahn No. 85; Turkish: Eberhard-BoratavNos.33, 54 8; India 3. — Franco-American 5; French Antilles 1; Spanish-American: Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 7, (Puerto Rico) 3; West Indies (Negro) 7. — African 7. 715A The Wonderful Cock. An old couple have a cock and a hen; the cock flies to the rich man’s manor and cries: »Cock-a-doodle-doo, I will eat you!»; the man orders it to be thrown into the stable. It pecks open the horses’ heads (eyes): when thrown into the well, it cries, »buttocks, swallow the water!»; finally thrown into the strong-box, bids couple spread a sheet and casts out the money; the hen tries to do likewise but gets dung in place of money. Lithuanian (715) 41. 716* The Value of a Stomach. The man complains1that he is a mere slave of his stomach. When it is taken away from him, he discovers that life has become very dull to him. He recovers his stomach. [J2072.4]. Lithuanian (*716) 8. 717* Meat Stolenfor Poor Turns to Roses. Italian Novella: Rotunda D469.12; Wesselski Theorie 163 n. — Catalan: Amades No. 1207; French (713*) 13. ?20 My Mother Slew Me; My Father Ate Me. The Juniper Tree. The boy’s bones transformed into a bird. The bird lets the millstone fall on the mother. Becomes boy again. I. The Murder. (a) The little boy is slain by his cruel stepmother, who closes the lid of a chest on him. (b) She cooks him and serves him to his father who eats him unwittingly.

II. The Transformation, (a) His little stepsister gathers up his bones and puts them under the juniper tree, (b) From the grave a bird comes forth. III. The Revenge, (a) The bird sings of his murder, (b) He brings pre­ sents to his father and sister and the millstone for the mother. IV. The Second Transformation. At her death he becomes a boy. Motifs: I. Z65.1. Red as blood, white as snow. S31. Gruel stepmother. S121. Murder by slamming down chest lid. G61. Relative’s flesh eaten un­ wittingly. E30. Resuscitation by arrangement of members. Parts of a dismembered corpse are brought together and resuscitation follows. E607.1. Bones of dead collected and buried. Return in another form directly from grave. V63. Bones of dismembered person assembled and buried. E610.1.1. Reincarnation: boy to bird to boy. Boy returns as bird who later becomes the boy. E613.0.1. Reincarnation of murdered child as bird. III. N271. Murder will out. Q211.4. Murder punished. Q412. Punish­ ment: millstone dropped on guilty person. IV. E610.1.1. Reincarnation: boy to bird to boy. *BP I 412 (Grimm No. 47); Coffin 10. — Finnish 26; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 53; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 9; Swedish 15 (Uppsala 6, Goteborg 2, Lund 2, Liungman 1, misc. 4); Norwegian 2; Danish 23, Grundtvig No. 41; Scottish 2; Irish 3; English 3; French 62; Spanish 1; Catalan: Amades No. 35; Dutch 17; Flemish 21, Witteryck p. 302: 24; Walloon 1, (720B) 1; German Archive 45; Austrian: Haiding p. 470; Italian 2. (Sicilian 2); Hungarian 3; Czech: Tille Soupis I 105 2; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 2; Polish 2; Russian: Andrejev, Andrejev Ukraine 3; Greek 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 24 III; India 4. — FrancoAmerican 8; English-American: Baughman 6, Lowrimore California Folklore Quarterly IV 154; Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican Re­ public) 4; West Indies (Negro) 3; American Negro (Michigan): *Dorson No. 162. 722* The Sister in the Underground Kingdom. A brother wants to marry his sister. She escapes by digging into the earth and comes out in an underground kingdom. After various adventures she marries and then makes peace with her brother. Russian: Afanasiev 7. 723* Hero Binds Midnight, Dawn, and Midday so that it cannot dawn until he frees them. Hungarian (727) 4. 725 The Dream. The boy refuses to tell his dream to his father, and even to the king. Various adventures. Conquers enemies, wins the princess. Thus the dream is fulfilled. The boy dreams that his parents shall serve him and that the king shall pour water on his hands. (Cf. Type 671)* Among his adventures are the solving of riddles and the accomplishment of tasks suggested by a hostile prince. Motifs: M312. Prophecy of future greatness for youth. M312.0.1*

Dream of future greatness. D1812.3.3. Future revealed in dream. L425. Dream (prophecy) of future greatness causes punishment (imprison­ ment). Sll. Cruel father. M373. Expulsion to avoid fulfillment of pro­ phecy. H911. Tasks assigned at suggestion of jealous rivals. H551. Princess offered to man who can out-riddle her. L I61. Lowly hero mar­ ries princess. *BP I 324; Krohn FFC XCVI 95; *Cosquin Contes indiens 47Iff.; Kohler-Bolte I 430, 432ff. — Finnish 10; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 1; Lithuanian '17; Swedish (Uppsala) 1; Danish 5; French 1; German 3; Rumanian 7; Hungarian 13, Berze Nagy 932* 3; Czech: FFC XXXIV 360f., Tille Soupis II (2) 354 3; Slovenian (725B) 1; Slovenian 1; SerboCroatian 4; Polish 2 (725A) 6; Russian: Afanasiev 13; Greek 11, Hahn No. 45, Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 53; Turkish: EberhardBoratavNos. 125 IV, 197, 258 III 17; Aramaic: Bergstrasser 15; India 3. — Franco-American 2; West Indies (Negro) 1. 725* The Fairy Son. A poor weaver who does work for a fairy woman refuses to accept a reward; a fairy son is born to his wife; son grows up, dreams two nights of rescuing a girl; a wise man tells him such a girl is a princess in bondage in the Eastern World. He sets off to free her, is kind to a wolf who carries him over a fiery mountain, and to a fox who helps him over hazards, and an old woman who gives him a ball of thread to lead him on. The giant who has the princess in bondage gives him three tasks to do; an old man helps him with these — making crops and trees grow miraculously, changing a lake into wine. The hero gets the giant to enter the lake of wine for a swim, throws in clay which makes the lake become fiery, and the giant is burned to death. The girl the hero has dreamed of comes to him; they marry. / Irish. 725** The Sleep at the Well. Youth’s favorite horse dies. He falls asleep at a well, a magic sleep, and awakes years later. A magician beside the well gives him a magic horse with which he wins many races and much money in England; he sells the horse to a second man, who also prospers. Irish. 726 The Oldest on the Farm. A wayfarer asks for a night’s lodging at a farm. He meets a very old man outside, but he is shown to his father who has to decide, and so on up to the seventh generation [F571.2]. Sometimes mixed up with fairy tradition: the old troll finishes by trying the man’s strength. — Adapted from Christiansen Norske Eventyr 99. *Baum JAFL XXX (1917) 379 n. 2; *BP II 400; Hartmann Trollvorstellungen 55; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VII 205. — Swedish (Goteborg) 2, (Liungman) 1; Norwegian (726**) 16, Solheim 2; Danish 2; Scottish: Campbell-McKay (726*) No. 21; Irish 161, Beal VII 132ff.; Catalan: Amades No. 432; Flemish 1, Wittcryck p. 304 11; German 6; Polish (726A) 1, (726B) 2; India 1. — Franco-American 1; English-American: Baughman 1; American Negro (Michigan): *Dorson No. 145. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin VII 61 n. 4 No. 6 A; Clouston Tales II 96. 726* The Dream Vist. An Irishman goes to Scandinavia and is met successively by a very old man, his still older father and grandfather. A stick is crushed in hand­ shake. He is given soup to drink which gives him power to see all the treasure

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tlit: »l)anes» have left hidden in Ireland. He comes to Ireland, at old man's re­ quest, for a razor hidden in a fairy-fort, guarded by a cat; he brings back the razor; the old men shave and are rejuvenated. He drinks the soup again; sees tin* hidden treasures and Ireland, and eats some of the soup-flesh. The vision dis­ appears. l ie is at home as poor as ever. Irisli.

728** y jir JYincc and his Three Hosts Tell their Adventure. The powder which causes one to see everything and which makes blind [D1331.3.2]; the man transformed to a dog |I_)Id 11, die woman \o a horse [D131]. The spendthrift. Flemish /.

727* Invisible Voices. The youngest of three brothers [L10] serves in a queer place where nobody is seen [D1890]; only a voice gives out the orders. At the end of the year he is bidden to light a big fire [D784]. The enchantment is broken, a castle ap­ pears, and the boy is married to the princess [LI61], Norwegian (727**) 2. 728* changed to 934E. 729

The Axe Falls into the Stream. The water-spirit exhibits a golden axe, but the honest man admits that it does not belong to him [Q3.1]. Another man deliberately throws his axe into the water and claims the golden one as his. He gets neither. Halm Aesop No. 308; Wienert FFC LVI 79; — Lithuanian 8; French 1; French Canadian: **JAFL LXVII 211; Polish (742*) 2; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX No. 20; Japanese: Ikeda.

735

The Rich Man's and the Poor Man's Fortune. The fortune of the rich brother gives the poor brother the advice to seek his luck under a bush. The poor man goes there and Fortune tells him to become a merchant. He be­ comes rich. [N181]. Finnish 1; Estonian (735*) 14; Lithuanian 21; Swedish (Uppsala) 1; Danish 8; Irish 10; Serbocroatian 3; Polish 1; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 10. — Franco-American 1.

735A Bad Luck Imprisoned [N 112.1]. Bad Luck attaches herself to a poor man and leads him to ruin. He locks up Bad Luck and prospers. An envious brother frees Bad Luck, but she attaches herself to him, not the former poor brother. *BP II 420—422. — Lithuanian (735A*) 25; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (332 I*) 2; Czech: Tille Soupis I 105 1; Russian: Andrejev (735 I*) 4, Afanasiev 10. 735* (formerly 935***) One of two brothers always has good luck, the other bad. The latter asks his brother how it happens that everything succeeds for him. The brother says that he plows in the woodshed. The other now does this and finds a buried treasure. [N552]. Finnish-Swedish 1; Danish (935***) 1. 735B* The Couple Persecuted by Adversity. Wishing to escape the persecution of Adversity, the luckless couple build themselves a new home. Scarcely do they establish them­ selves in the new home, when Adversity addresses them from the hearth: »I have been waiting for you here for three days.» [N250.2]. Lithuanian 2.

FFC 184

The Types of the Folktale

735C* The Judge’s Bad-luck Boots. The wealthy merchant becomes a beggar, because nl the judged bad-luck-bringing boots which he acquired through exchange (tin li) [N136]. Lithuanian (*2447) 2. 736 Luck and Wealth. The fish with the jewel. Cf. 'Types 745, 74f>A. A pom man gets a piece of tin. He gives it to a fisherman under the agi eemeni that the first catch offish shall be given to him. In the net is a fish with a precious stone in his body. [N421]. Estonian (736*) 1; Irish 24; Czech: Tillc Soupis 1 4021T. 2; Polish 7, (736A) 6\ (736B) 1; Russian: Andrcjcv Ukraine 6, Afanasiev 1; 'Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 139. — Franco-American ./; Spanish-American: Rael No. 93 (U.S.). — Literary Treatments: Ghauvin VI 32 No. 202. 736A The Ring of Polycrates. A king throws a ring into the sea. It: is found next day in a fish brought to him. [N211.1]. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 635; *Wesselski Monchslatein 188 No. 146; ♦Chauvin V 17 No. 10, 141 No. 68, VI 32 No. 202; *BP IV 332f., 392; Toldo V III 40; Saintyves »L’Anneau de Polycrate» Revue de Vhistoire des religions (1912) 1—32; *Loomis White Magic 121. — Swedish: Liungman SSF III 271, 441; Irish: *Gross (N211.1); Norwegian: Solheim 20; Italian Novella: Rotunda (N211.1); Serbocroatian (948) 1; Jewish: *Neuman, *Gaster Exempla 210 No. 118, *bin Gorion Born Judas2 II 106, 344, III 51, 55, 300; India (948) 4; Japanese: Ikeda (N211.1); Korean: Zong in-Sob 29; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS X II 7. — PortugueseAmerican (Brazil): Camara Gascudo 164. — Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 133. 737 (formerly 737*) Who Will be her Future Husband? The general’s sword. The girl on the advice of a soothsayer tries to find who will be her future husband [D1825.1.2]. A general appears and forgets his sword. The girl hides the sword. Later, when as the wife of the general she shows him the sword, he strikes her dead. Estonian 6; Livonian 2; Irish 2; English 5. — English-American: Baughman 2. 737A* Why Have I Nothing? A luckless man goes to the king to ask him for counsel. The princess: »You should marry.» In punishment for such foolish advice, the king drives her forth and orders her to marry him herself. When they are married, the husband wins an important wager from a merchant, by proving that the object which he has brought for sale really is his wife^s property. Lithuanian 12. 737B* The Lucky Wife. A luckless man becomes successful in all his undertakings when he marries a lucky woman and lives by her luck. [N251.5]. Lithuanian 12; Serbocroatian 2. 738* The Battle of Serpents. A great serpent takes on its back a man on order to kill another serpent with which it is fighting. After he has brought the man back, it repays him liberally with gold. Estonian 11; Livonian (745*) 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 57, 66, 80 3. 739* The Luckless Son and His Wizard Father. Seeing a luck-bringing animal at his

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son's house, the father orders it to be destroyed; but the grandchildren eat of its meat and become fortunate. [N251.6]. Lithuanian (738*) 5; Serbocroatian 1. 740* The Expelled Brother. Two brothers promise each other not to marry. One marries and expels the other. The second brother makes a fortune. The married brother loses all and must beg from the abused brother, who helps him. Recognition. French Canadian. 740** The Brother to Hang Himself. Rich man being asked for help by his poor brother, gives him a rope and advises him to hang himself. The poor brother chooses the tree under which the rich man has buried money. When he tries to hang himself, the tree breaks from the ground and shows the treasure. The rich brother missing the treasure hangs himself. [Cf. J21.15]. Cf. Type 910D. Polish 5. 741* The Rich, the Poor, and the Diamond. The rich asked for assistance from his poor brother, gives him a dead horse in which a diamond is found. Polish 1. 745 Hatch-penny. Always returns to its owner. Eaten by cow; owner happens to buy cow and kill her; etc. [D1602.ll, N212]. *Ghauvin II 129 No. 137; Ward Catalogue of Romances II 234, 447. — Livonian 1; Swedish 5 (Uppsala /, misc. 4); Danish 5; Irish 1; Polish 7. 745A The Predestined Treasure. Inside the hollow tree, baked within a loaf of bread, etc. Always comes to the man for whom it was predestined. [N212]. Cf. Types 736, 736A, 947A*. *Chauvin II 129 No. 137; *Herbert III 234, 377 No. 61,447; *Oesterley No. 109. — Lithuanian (*934B) 10; Irish; Russian: Andrejev*834B; West Indies: Flowers 563. 746* The Flying Stone. A stepmother decides to enclose her stepdaughter in a large stone and sink it in the sea. The stepsister, seeing that the stone is well furnished and that it can fly, joins the girl. The stone is carried off by a stream and lands near a castle. The girls go out and later meet prince and attendant and marry. Swedish (GS 746) 3. 748* Queen Jealous of Peasant Couple. A peasant and his wife are given gifts by a dwarf: the cow will always give milk and the brook will have enough fish. — The queen discovers this and goes and pushes woman into the brook. The peasant gives the queen a curse: She must keep saying, »The peasant in the hut slept with me.» The peasant woman is rescued. Icelandic 1. B. RELIGIOUS TALES 750—779 G o d R e p a y s a n d P u n i s h e s 750A The Wishes. Christ and Peter grant a poor peasant who has received them hospitably three good wishes; the rich one, however, they grant three evil wishes. Cf. Type 330A. I. Hospitality Rewarded. (a) Christ and Peter (a god, or other super-

FFC 1U4-

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natural being) reward hospitality and punish the opposite, (b) A limited number of wishes will be fulfilled. II. The Wishes, (a) The hospitable person uses his three wishes wisely; the inhospitable in his anger makes two foolish wishes (e.g. his horse’s neck broken, his wife stuck to the saddle) and must use the third to undo them; or (b) the same with one wish: to keep doing all day what you begin; one gets good linen all day, while the other throws water on the pig; or (c) a husband given three wishes transfers one to his wife who wastes.it on a trifle; in his anger he wishes the article in her body and must use the third to get it out. Motifs: I. K1811. Gods (saints) in disguise visit mortals. QL1. Gods (saints) in disguise reward hospitality and punish inhospitality. D 1761.0.2. Limited number of wishes granted. II. J2071. Three foolish wishes. Three wishes will be granted: used up foolishly. J2073. Same wishes used foolishly and wisely. D2172.2. Magic gift: power to continue all day what one starts. One woman measures linen; another throws water on pig. J2072.3. Short-sighted wish: all he pulls on will follow. J2073.1. Wise and foolish wish: keep doing all day what you begin. J2075. The transferred wish. A husband, given three wishes, transfers one to his wife, who wastes it on a trifle; in his anger he wishes the article in her body and must use the third to get it out. References for 750 A and B: Finnish 31; Finnish-Swedish 9; Estonian 5; Livonian (750) 1; Swedish (Uppsala 750) 3; Norwegian 7, Solheim (750) 1; Irish 94, Catalan: Amades No. 143; Flemish 16; German: Henssen Volk No. 171; Indone­ sian: DeVries No. 213. — Franco-American 12. References for 750 A: *BP II 210 (Grimm No. 87); *Liungman SSF III 440, Coffin Z — Lithuanian, 9 (750*A) 14; Swedish 84 (Uppsala 18, Stockholm 8, Gotcborg 12, Lund 6, Liungman 10, misc. 30); Norwegian 4; Danish 47, Grundtvig No. 128; Icelandic 1, (750B*) 1; Irish: Beal III 434; English 2; French 28, Spanish 4; Catalan: ArpadesNos. 185, 501, 1962, cf. 200; Dutch 6; Walloon 4; German 47 (Archive 46, Henssen Jiil. No. 270); Austrian: Haiding (750 n.) 4; Italian (Tuscan 555 a—c, 750 b 4); Rumanian 14; Hungarian 3, (750) 5; Czech: Tille Soupis I 567 5; (750) Slovenian 7; (750) Serbocroatian 3; Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 5; Russian: Andrejev; India 5; Indonesian: DeVries No. 213; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 167 No. 111. — English-American: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Hansen (Chile) 1, (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 1; West Indies (Negro) 2; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 154; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 454. ?f>0B Hospitality Rewarded. After a pious beggar has been refused hospitality in a house where a wedding is taking place, he is hospitably received

256

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in a poor man’s house. The peasant’s only cow is killed for him. It comes to life again (or new cows appear) [Q l, QJ41]. *BP I 422f.; *Liungman SSF III 440; *Anderson Novelline No. 03; Von Sydow »Tors Fiird till Utgard» Danske Studier (1910) 9Iff.; Krohn Skandinavisk Mytologi p. 207, — Estonian (750*) 6; Lithuanian (*75(.)B) 13; Lappish (750*) 1; French 4; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 1286; Italian 4 (Tuscan [750] a L Sicilian 3); Slovenian 18; Scrhocroatian 24; Russian: Andrejev 1; Greek 77, Kretschmer No. 51, Daw­ kins Modem Greek in Asia Minor 523, Loukatos Nos. 4, 11, 17, Laographia VI 513 No. 4; India 7. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican Re­ public) 2, (Puerto Rico) 2; West Indies (Negro) 6. 750G (formerly 473) Punishment of a Bad Woman. The man is kind to the beggar, but the wife is unkind [Q,l, Q2]. The beggar invites the man to him and shows him (among other things) that the woman has been turned into a cow [D 133.1]. Estonian (473*) 8; Irish: Beal XXI 330; Italian 2 (Tuscan cf. [333], [753] a 2). 750D Three Brothers each Granted a Wish by an Angel Visitor. They choose (1) plenty of wine, (2) sheep, (3) a good wife). Later as beggar he is refused hospitality by the two elder and he takes their wine and sheep away. The youngest and his wife are rewarded for hospitality. (Sometimes sacrifice of a child is agreed to — cf. Type 516.) Serbocroatian 13; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 110 7; Greek: Dawkins Modern Greek Folktales No. 70 3; Arab: Basset 1001 Contes III 302. 750* Hospitality Blessed. The Savior (or an angel) rewards the hospitable peasant and punishes the inhospitable [Q2]. Finnish 1; Finnish-Swedish 7; Swedish (Lund) 7; Russian: Afanasiev (*751 I) 4. 750** The Girls Plucking Berries. One of them answers an old man in a friendly manner and is rewarded. The other gives a discourteous answer and is punished. [Q2]. Finnish-Swedish 403 II b, c, d. 750*** Toung Savior3s Miracles. The Savior when a boy resuscitates a dead boy [El21.1] and makes a plank longer. Lappish (750**) 7. 750**** The Virgin Mary and the Animals. Lappish (750***) 7; Slovenian 7. 750E* Hospitality and Sin. One act of hospitality (to two monks) outweighs a life of sin. Spanish 7. 750F* The Old Maids Blessing. A poor woman gives children water in which she has washed her hands after making bread for a rich lady. The children are healthy. The old man blesses the woman. Her house becomes finer and filled with money. She borrows scales from the rich lady to weigh money; a piece of money sticks to the scales (cf. Type 676) and the rich lady asks how she received money. The Lord visits the rich lady but is thrown out. She is reduced to poverty. Spanish-American: Hansen (Argentina) 7, (Puerto Rico) 6. 750G* The Butcher as Devil. A poor widow begs the godfather of her children, a butcher, for help but he refuses. The woman finds a pot of money in the ground. The

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butcher pretends to be the devil and wants the money. The real devil carries him away. Czech: Title Soupis I 165—171 10. 750Ii* The Notary Enters Heaven. Christ and Apostles are shown hospitality by a woods­ man. He is granted a wish [Q451, Q142], and asks that he may always win at cards [N221]. He lives and dies peacefully. On way to Heaven he stops by the house of a wicked, dying notary and wins the notary's soul from the Devil in a card game [E756]. St. Peter does not wish to admit the notary, but the woods­ man recalls his hospitality and obtains the notary’s entrance. Spanish (*345) 1. 751 The Greedy Peasant Woman. Christ and Peter ask entertainment from a peasant woman [K1811]. Although the cake magically grows larger [D1652.1.2], she gives them but a morsel. She is punished [QT1], Norwegian 77, Solheim 5; Danish 5; Irish 7; French 6; Spanish 7; Catalan: Amades Nos. 1582, 1585; Italian (Tuscan [751], [752] 2); Rumanian 77, Sainenu 841; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (779 VIII) 6; Slovenian 16. 751A The Peasant Woman is Changed into a Woodpecker [D 153.1]. *Dahnhardt II 129ff. — Finnish 18; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 3; Swedish 28 (Uppsala 12, Goteborg 5, Liungman 2, misc. 9); English 3; Italian (Tuscan [756] a, b 2); Czech: Tille Soupis I 573f. 3; Slovenian 7; Russian: Andrejev; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav cf. Anlage A (b); Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 123f. No. 83, FFC CXXVIII 91f. No. 49; English-American: Baughman 7. 751B The Peasant Woman must Take two Snakes as Foster Children [Q594]. Finnish 1; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 19; Swedish 4- (Stockholm 7, misc. 3); Italian (Tuscan cf. [1440] 7); Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 7. 751A* A Man Invites God to his House. He makes grand preparations for God’s reception, yet orders that a beggar, who has come to his doors, be driven away (or the dogs set on him). The beggar, it turns out, was God himself. The conversation at the cross. [K1811.1, Q292.1]. Lithuanian (*770) 24; Slovenian 7; Russian: Andrejev (*751 II) 5. 751B* The Old Man with the Live Coals. A poor man goes to seek a light for his fire and comes across an old man seated before a fireplace. The embers he takes home turn to gold. The wealthy man purposely extinguishes his fire at home and re­ quests the old man to give him some coals. »Your house is full of fire.» He finds his homestead in flames. [Q2]. Lithuanian (*771) 15. 751C* Wealth Leads to Pride. Having miraculously become prosperous, the man drives from his home the old beggar (God), his benefactor, and so loses all. [Q292.1]. Lithuanian (*772) 6; Russian: Andrejev (*796 I) 7. 75ID* St. Peter Blesses Hospitable Thieves. Italian (Sicilian 3). 752A Christ and Peter in the Barn. Threshing with fire [K1811]. The peasant forces them to rise early and thresh in payment for lodging. They separate the grain by means of fire. When the peasant tries to do the same thing the barn burns down. [J2411]. 17

258

Stith Thom pson

Io t

*BP III 452. — Finnish (752) 20; Finnish-Swedish (752) 1; Estonian (752) 36; Livonian (752) 1; Lithuanian22; French 11; Catalan: Amades No. 2116; Flemish (752) 1; German 39 (Archive 36, Merk. 145, Henssen Volk No. 174, Henssen Jiil. No. 273; Italian 1 (Sicilian 1); Rumanian 2; Hungarian (752) 3; Czech (752): Tille Soupis I 577ff., II (2) 456— 461 (752), 459ff. (752A) 12; Slovenian (752) 8; Slovenian 6; Serbocroatian 8; Istrian No. 25. — Franco-American 2. 752B The Forgotten Wind. Man allowed to manage the weather forgets to ask the help of the wind. All goes wrong and he must give up management. [J755.1]. Danish 5, Kristensen Jyske Folkeminder V III No. 656; Livonian (758s) 1; Swedish (Uppsala) 1; Dutch 1; German 2; Italian (Sicilian 1); Rumanian (752 I*) 2; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 2. — Franco-American 3. 752C The Prodigious Mower. Saint to mow field in exchange for dinner. Miraculous speed, miraculous appetite. **van Gennep Nouvelle Revue des Traditions Populaires II 99ff. — French: Perbosc Gascogne 254ff.; Italian (Sicilian 1). — Franco-American 3. 752C* The Discourteous Sower. Tells Christ he is sowing pumpkins (turnips). For his seed maize he harvests only pumpkins. [Cf. A2231.1]. Slovenian 2. 753 Christ and the Smith. Christ takes off the horse’s foot in order to shoe him and rejuvenates an old woman by putting her in the fire. The smith tries disastrously to do the same. Motifs: K1811. God (Saints) in disguise visit mortals. F663.0.1. Skillful smith calls self master of all masters. E782.4. Horse’s leg cut off and replaced. E14. Resuscitation by dismemberment. E l5. Resuscitation by burning. E l21.2. Resuscitation by Christ. D1886. Rejuvenation by burning. J2411.1. Imitation of magic rejuvenation unsuccessful. A1861.2. Creation of monkeys: old woman thrown into fire. In unsuccessful imitation of Christ, the smith throws an old woman into the fire. She becomes a monkey. *BP II 198 (Grimm No. 147); Lowes Romanic Review V 383; Espinosa III 140—150. — Finnish 59; Finnish-Swedish 4; Estonian 22; Livonian cf. (1694’) 1; Lithuanian 12; Swedish 13 (Uppsala 6, Stockholm 1; Goteborg 2, Liungman 2, misc. 2); Norwegian 2; Danish 18; Scottish 1; Irish 166, Beal I 66ff., II 346f. No. 1, V II 95ff., V III 3, X 194ff., XI 59ff., X II 134f. No. 2, XIX 67ff., XVIII 107; French 44; Spanish 1; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 1311; Flemish 5; German 22, Henssen Jul• No. 272; Italian 3 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 50, Sicilian 2); Rumanian 2; Hungarian 3; Czech: Tille Soupis I 579f. 1; Slovenian 11; SerboCroatian 11; Istrian Nos. 26, 27; Russian: Andrejev 6; Greek 1; Turkish: Kunos (1887—9) No. 50. — Franco-American 8; Spanish-American:

Hansen (Dominican Republic) 7, (Puerto Rico) 7, Rael Nos. 297—299 (U.S.). 753A Unsuccessful Resuscitation. Companion tries unsuccessfully to imitate angel who has resuscitated a dead princess. Angel helps him but warns him against trying again. Sicilian (*785) 5. 753* Jesus Turns a Thief into an Ass. Later gives him the money he has earned as ass and restores him. Italian (Tuscan [753a] 7, Sicilian *750 7); Serbocroatian 75. 754 The Happy Friar becomes unhappier as he receives ever more and more money. He gets rid of his money and becomes happy as before. [J 1085.1]. *Grane 162—3 Nos. 66.— Swedish (Lund) 3; Irish 7; Spanish (Espi­ nosa No. 90) 3; Catalan: Amades Nos. 1273, 1639; Flemish (754*) 1; German 77; Czech: cf. Tille Soupis I 78ff. 3; Slovenian 1; Greek 7; Chinese: Ebcrhard FFC CXX No. 204. 754* The Virgin’s Handkerchief A ship-captain answers the three questions of a heathen king and heals the prince with the Virgin Mary's handkerchief [D2161.5.2.2]. Lappish 7. 754** St. Peter and his Wife. St. Peter is in front of his house in the rain and tells the Lord that the house is full of smoke. The Lord enters. At the rear he finds St. Peter's wife with up-lifted broom-handle. [T251.3]. Flemish 3. 754*** (The Wandering Jew) changed to 777. 755 Sin and Grace. The rose from the stone table. The preacher’s wife magical­ ly prevents the birth of her children. Since she throws no shadow, her husband casts her forth as a. sinner until a rose shall grow from a stone table. A churchman takes the woman at night into the church. The children appear and forgive their mother. They go back home and the rose springs forth. Cf. Type 765. Motifs: T572.1. Magic prevention of childbirth. Q251. Punishment for refusal to have children. Q552.9. Punishment: woman who has prevented birth of children casts no shadow. F I038.’"Person without shadow. Q431.4. Banishment till rose grows from table for preventing childbirth. F971.2. Rose grows from table (stone). Cf. Hauffen Zs. f. Vksk. X 436ff.; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 114, XVI 311. — Finnish 16; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 2; Lappish 7; Swedish 58 (Uppsala 8, Stockholm 4, Goteborg 32, Lund 2, Liungman 2, misc. 10); Norwegian 7, Solheim 1; Danish 28; Icelandic 7; Scottish 7; French 7; German Archive 1; Hungarian 1; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 365ff. 3; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Andrejev (755AB) 2, Andrejev Ukraine 2. 756 The Three Green Twigs. The hard penance and the green twigs on the dry branch. Slovenian 16; Serbocroatian 2.

2 GO

Stith Thom pson

FFG 184

756A The Self-righteous Hermit. A hermit who says of a man being taken to the gallows that he has been punished justly7must do penance by wandering as a beggar until three twigs grow on a dry branch. He converts a band of robbers with the story of his misfortunes. The green twigs appear. Motifs: 0553.2. Punishment: angel ceases to appear to self-righteous hermit. L435.1. Self-righteous hermit must do penance. Q521.1. Doing penance till green leaves grow on a dry branch. F971.1. Dry rod blossoms. **Andrejcv Die Legende vom Rauber Madej (FFC LX IX ); *BP III 463 (Grimm No. 206); Kohler-Bolte I 147, 148, *578, 581; *Liungman SSF III 260, 440. — Finnish 1; Finnish-Swredish 1; Estonian 3; Swedish 25 (Uppsala 24, Gdteborg 1); Danish JO, Grundtvig No. 58B; Irish (756A, B) 275, Beal XXI, 307, 317, 331; Spanish 2; German: Henssen Volk No. 178; Rumanian 6; Hungarian 1; Serbocroatian 3; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 126 IV. — Franco-American 1; Spanish-American: Rael No. 97 (U.S.). 756B The Devil's Contract. I. Journey for the Contract, (a) A boy who has been sold to the devil before birth journeys to hell to get back the contract, (b) A hermit, from whom he has asked the way, directs him to a robber, his brother, (c) The robber takes him to hell. II. The Fires of Hell, (a) In hell the youth obtains his contract and (b) sees the fiery bed or chair prepared for the robber. III. The Penance, (a) Thereupon the robber does penance until his staff puts forth fresh blooms and fruit; assured of forgiveness, he dies happy. Cf. Type 756C. IV. The Hermit, (a) The hermit is astonished but reconciles himself to God’s judgment; or (b) blasphemes God and is damned. Motifs: I. S211. Child sold (promised) to devil (ogre). S240. Children un­ wittingly promised (sold). S222. Man promises (sells) child in order to save himself from danger or death. S226. Child promised to devil for directions out of woods when father is lost. S223. Childless couple pro­ mises child to the devil if they may only have one. M211. Man sells soul to devil. S224. Child promised to devil for acting as godfather. S225. Child promised to devil for help on road with broken wagon. F81. Descent to hell. F81.2. Journey to hell to recover devil’s contract. H1273.1. Quest to devil in hell for return for contract. N843. Hermit as helper. H I235. Succession of helpers on quest. One helper sends to another, who sends to another, etc. II. Q561. Bed (kettle, seat) heating in hell for certain person. F771.1.9. House of skulls. Murderer’s abode. J 172. Account of punishments pre­ pared in hell brings about repentance. III. V29.1. Search for confessor. Great sinner sent from one confessor

FFG 184

The Types of the Folktale

:>, IJ l' •) ,
I■

I 1 11* ' •• a i pi

In i I m i , I M •r, • sickness. /V2.2. Sc V Ir n veai ’ll VI 11 m21|. II. Rescued Child. The daughter of the sun is exposed [S313] in a garden and is rescued by a prince [R 131.1.3]. III. The Prince's Wooing, (a) When she is grown the prince asks her in marriage but she makes a mysterious answer about her origin, — or (b) the girl of mysterious origin is mute and cannot speak until a certain question is asked, (c) Sometimes the girl is really a puppet who only later is vivified.

898

FFG 184

The Types of the Folktale

30!)

IV. The Prince's Marriage. The prince marries in turn three, ladies of royal blood, but they are killed trying to imitate the prodigies of the heroine. V. Recognition. The prince feigns illness and the heroine cares for him and reveals her origin and consents to the marriage. *Anderson Novelline No. 48; *Kohler Zs. f. Vksk. VI 70 No. 28. Catalan: Amades I 239 No. 100; Italian 13 (Tuscan [308] b, [861] a, b, c, [886] b, c 7, Sicilian *886A 6, Gonzenbach No. 28); Greek (402*) 9, Dawkins 45Stories No. 11; Albanian: Hahn No. 108; Turkish: EberhardBoratav (No. 91) 13. 898* Daughter to be Given to Sun when Twelve. This is done. Sun learns of her longing to return to her mother and gets helpful hares to take her back. She avoids efforts of a lamia to overpover her and succeeds in returning home. Greek (810*) 11, Hahn No. 41. Alcestis. Wife sacrifices self for husband when his parents refuse. [T211.1]. **Megas Archiv fur Religionswissenschaft XXX (Sonderabt.) 1—33; *Ruben FFG CXXXIII 230ff. — Hungarian: Berze Nagy (803**) 1; Serbocroatian 1; Greek 4; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 113. — Literary Treatment: Euripides’ »Alcestis». 899* Various Tales of Expelled or Distressed Maidens. 899A* A princess is expelled by her stepmother. She is adopted by a countess and loved by the countess' son and his friend. Icelandic (899 I*), Rittershaus 161. 899B* An earl's son woos a princess. He is refused by the empress, her mother. At l.c.i the empress has to ask his help against enemies. Icelandic (899 II*), Rittershaus 238. 899

899C* A prince not allowed to marry a prince.ri gm-i to w,u. Sin In .im a mui min il\ and leaves it with a faithful murt lady. W h e n tin- p m im n n m m.u i vn mini i- i < son she flees. All meet at last. Ic elan dic (It! Ml I I I * ) , IGlU eili.un T l ') 8 9 9 1 )* A soil of a pleat liei iintl Im miili i u l m will iml m , t i i \ ........ I , MM tin 11.»y lit n In m a r r y a n o t h e r , t hat t he h . t i g. on I m n ipt < O il. a n d .him > ih< I i . hi , t o , In I1» N 3h/, \ III I III No. 130.

910

910IJ The Sn mint's (ioott Counsels. I )u mil Ic.im the high\va\, r h I lie ha vein leaves it and falls into dir hand', nl i of Witte). Catalan: Amades No. 602, cf. 653, 654; Italian (Tuscan 1200, 2); SerboCroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev (*914) 1; Turkish: Eberhard-Boralav No. ^323 III) 1; Greek: Hepding Laographia VI 310, Argent i-Rosc II 600 No. 2; India: Knowles Kashmir 39ff., Jacobs Indian Fairy Tales. — West Indies: Flowers 474. 910H Never Travel Without a Companion or Stay Alert. I. Never Travel Without a Companion. The man can find no other com. panion, so takes along a crab, (a) He is chosen to become a king or marry a princess. The crab kills the snakes which issue from the nostrils of the queen (princess). See Type 507C. (b) The crab kills a snake and a bird which attack him. See Type 182. II. Stay Alert or Awake. Chosen to become a king or marry a princess, he stays awake and slays the snakes or monster himself. See Type 507C. India 15. 910J Never Plant a Thorn Tree. A man is advised (by his father): »Never be­ friend a policeman (soldier) [J21.46]; never plant a thorn tree [H588.30].» Because of a false accusation (made by his wife), the police­ man (soldier) whom he has befriended drags him away to court. His turban catches on the thorn tree and is pulled from his head. India 3. 910K The Precepts and the Uriah Letter. Cf. Type 930. An exiled king, or the like, becomes an official in another court. He happens to observe an intrigue between the queen and a servant or some other treasonable action, but does not tell the king because he has been advised not to tell slander, or the like. The queen falsely accuses the hero ✓ of having attacked her. The king sends him to be beheaded or boiled if) oil, having told the executioner to kill the first man who comes to him. * Because of another piece of advice, the hero slops in a temple, slops In take a meal, or the like. The (pieen’s Inver goes In sec il llic linn has been executed, arrives befme the l i e i o , and if. e x e c u t e d | L H d V | S e r b o c r o a t ia n / ;

I n d ia 0.

911*

7 he Dyiny luithn's (loumrl: n f V v r i -.av tin h u i l i in \ n m i\il« , v« i Ininjf up child m i nl her I linn yum own ; I >< l.nl lil> vi In \ uni m,i ih i ••. "I ......... I I i u u I a m l. i wh o rules by-nsrinn nlnnr» ; t n m rir l pi uvi d wise |»y < h | m i •• • • I .) L \'J 1.7M|. L i th u a n ia n

915

All Depends on How You Take It. The two stepsisters marry. The daughter of the second wife follows the three precepts of her mother literally; the stepdaughter in conformity with her father’s explanations. On their visit the parents find that with the first daughter everything is going wrong; with the second everything is well. [J555.1]. Finnish 3; Danish 13, Grundtvig No. 116; Irish 2; French 4; Spanish 1; Russian 1; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX No. 200.

^

316

Stith T hom pson

FFC 184

915A The Misunderstood Precepts. A dying father gives advice to his son: Al­

916

ways eat bread with honey (working diligently, your bread will be as sweet as honey) [H588.ll]; never greet anyone »God bless you in your labours» (start your work earliest, so that not you, but others may greet you thus) [H588.12]; always wear your shoes (walk the fields barefooted, wearing your shoes only when nearing the town) [H588.13]; etc. Following these precepts literally, the son becomes poor, and only later learns their real meaning. Lithuanian (*915A) 8; India 3. The Brothers Guarding the King's Bedchamber and the Snake. I. The Accusation. Several brothers are hired by a king to guard his bedchamber. The first brother sees a snake in the bedchamber and kills it, but a drop of its poison falls on the queen. While he is wiping the poison from the queen, she awakes and, believing he is attacking her, accuses him to the king [N342.1] (Gf. Type 516 IV). The other brothers tell, in turn, examples against making a hasty decision. In the morning the truth comes to light. II. The Stories: (a) The Brahman and the Mongoose (Llewellyn and his Dog) (Type 178A), (b) The Faithful Dog as Security for a Debt (Type 178B), (c) The Falcon (Horse) and the Poisoned Water. As a king who is out hunting is about to drink a cup of water, his falcon (horse) knocks the cup from his hand. The enraged king slays the falcon (horse) only to find that the cup was full of poison from a snake [B331.1.1.]. (d) The Parrot and the Fruit of Youth. A parrot brings to a king, his master, some fruit of youth. Unbeknown to the parrot, a snake has dropped poison on the fruit. The king gives one of the fruits to a dog, which dies, and the king slays the parrot. Later the truth comes to light [B331.3]. Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 348 IV; India 15.

920—929 C l e v e r A c t s a n d W o r d s 920

The Son of the King {Solomon) and of the Smith. The children are exchanged. In the children’s play Solomon acts as king. Shows his cleverness. I. Expulsion of the Prince. (a) The prince is expelled from home because (a1) he reports from his mother’s womb her scandalous conduct, (b) He is ordered killed but saved by a compassionate servant and exchanged with the newborn son of a smith. II. The Prince Shows his Wisdom. He is chosen leader of his playmates. While he and the smith’s son journey with the king he shows his kingly qualities by the nature of the choices he makes. III. Impossible Tasks. The king gives him or his supposed father im­ possible tasks: [See Type 875 II for details] coming neither naked nor

FFG 184

T h e Types of the Folktale

AVI

clad, bringing best friend and worst enemy, batching boiled eggs, milking bull or having it bear calf, etc. IV. His Cleverness. (a) He balances a woman’s wisdom against dog’s dung, (b) He judges the case of the widow’s flour which the wind has scattered. V. Escape from Father's Pursuit. He flees and takes service as shepherd. He discomfits with his answers the king’s messengers. VI. Denouement, (a) Reconciliation with his father, or (b) he is con­ demned for seduction but allowed to blow on a horn. Motifs: I. T575.1.1.2. Child in mother’s womb reveals adultery. T575.1.1.3. Child in mother’s womb reveals unjust judgment. S301. Children abandoned (exposed). K512. Compassionate executioner. A servant charged with killing the hero (heroine) arranges the escape of the latter. K 1921.1. Son of the king and of the smith exchanged. II. H41.5. Unknown prince shows his kingly qualities in dealing with his playmates. P35. Unknown prince chosen chief of children in play. J 123. Wisdom of child decides lawsuit. King in disguise sees child’s game which represents the case. H38.2.5. Substitution of low-caste boy for promised child detected when he prefers long road to short one through jungle (swimming instead of ferry, etc.) III. H921. King (father) assigns tasks to his unknown son. IV. J80.1.1. Solomon proves to his mother the inferiority of woman’s wisdom. J355.1. The widow’s meal. King upbraids wind for blowing away a poor widow’s last cup of meal. Finds that the wind has saved a ship full of people by that very act . The king is humbled. V. K1816.6. Disguise as herdsman. VI. K551.3. Respite f r o m death mil iI v i e l i m h . r . I i l m v n «ni a I......... (three times). ♦ ♦ D e V r ie s L L ( ! I , X XI I I 37011'.; * We-.v M ,■ .,|), , L .. a b . n U m r ..... I

das kluge Madehen» (SiidelemlenlM In /.' I. Vlel ||0 |n | ll< iln li I) passim; ♦( Slianvin V HO No. 70 n. I. I1'inm >h l '*71) | 07 1) ///, Iv i.i nian .77; Livonian /; Lithuanian V, lir.h .'Vi, bn hm i oat lan .’L Uuv.iaii; Andiejev I'hxune /6, Audiejev (*000) 7, Alanasirv 7; ( u eck 2; Turkish: Lberhard Moratav No. 007; India /; Indonesian: DeVries FFC LXXIII 320IT. Lianco-Ameriean 7. 920A ’J he Daughter of the King and the Son of the Peasant. Suit over boiled eggs. Cf. Type 875. ' I. A King Leaves Home. If his wife bears girl she is to be beheaded. If a son, she is to reign. She bears a girl and exchanges with peasant wo­ man who has just borne a son. [K 1921.1]. „ II. The Suit over Eggs. A merchant buys forty boiled eggs, and sails away without paying. On his return he offers to pay. lint demand is made for the value of all chickens and their offspring that would have*

318

Stith T hom pson

FFG 184

come from the eggs. [ J 1191.2]. The case is laid before same king. He considers four years. III. The Real Princess and the Real Peasant Son play at trying the case of the eggs. The princess shows that boiled eggs could not bear chickens. King overhears and decides the case thus. He understands the situation and is satisfied. Rumanian (921 III*) 2; Greek (950*) 3, Kretschmer No. 35. 920B What Kind of Bird. Prince of democratic tastes chosen. King asks three sons what kind of bird they would prefer to be. First: an eagle, because it is ruler of birds; second: a falcon, because it is beloved of the nobles; third: a bird which flies with many others, so as to receive advice. King chooses third. [J412.1]. **Taylor (forthcoming study); Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 677. 920C Shooting at the Father's Corpse Test of Paternity. Youngest of supposed sons refuses to shoot and is judged the only genuine son of the dead emperor. [H486.2]. ♦Herbert III 206; Oesterley No. 45; Scala Geli 98a No. 526; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 835; Nouvelles de Sens No. 29; Krappe Bulletin Hispanique X X XIX 28; L. Schmidt Oesterr. Zs. f Vksk. 1955, 70ff. — Spanish Exempla: Keller (H486.2); Catalan: Amades I 283 No. 367; Italian Novella: *Rotunda (H486.2); *Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas II 123, 345, IV 102, 280, *Neuman (H486.2). 920D (formerly 924**). The Four Princes. The one who can name the greatest number of faults of their father is to be king. The youngest prince cannot name a single fault [L22.1]. He becomes king. Flemish 1; Slovenian 1. 92QA* The Inquisitive King. Solomon wants to know the height of the sky and the depth of the sea. [L414.1]. Lithuanian (*920A) 5; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (823*) 1; Serbocroatian 3; Polish (733) 7. 920B* The Lineage of the Kingys Three Sons. By their answers to a captive king as to how they will treat him, they show that one is of headsman stock, one of butcher stock, and one of royal family. (Or they are given riddles.) Greek 5, Laographia XVI 13 n. 2; Albanian: Lambertz p. 80. 920G* The Choice of a Wife. Solomon advises with enigmatic statements. Greek 2; Laographia II 361. 921 The King and the Peasant's Son. The youth’s clever answers ( the k in g’s questions (1 Yz men and the horse’s head, etc. [11561.4, 11583)). Among the riddles are: (a1) What do you see? - 1 x/> men and a horse’s head (himself, the legs of the king who is horseback in the door­ way, and the horse’s head [H583.1]) or (a2) Are you alone at home? — Not now; I see the half of two quadrupeds (the king’s legs and the fore­ legs of the horse [H583.1.1]); (b) What are you doing? — I boil those coming and going (beans that keep rising and falling in the water [H583.6]); (c) What is your father doing? — He is in the vineyard and

FFC 184

T h e T ypes o f the Folktale

.»I*>

is doing good and bad (prunes vines but sometimes cuts g o o d o n e s ; m d leaves the bad [H583.2]); ( d ) What is your m o t h e r doing? At d a \ break she baked the bread we ate last week; in the morning she rut oil the heads of the well to cure the sick; now she is striking the hungry and compelling the satiated to eat (she bakes bread to repay that, borrowed from neighbors last week; she cuts off the chicken’s head so as to feed her sick mother; she drives away the hungry hens and stufls the geese [H583.4]); (e) What is your brother doing? — He hunts; lie throws away what he catches, and what he does not catch he carries with him (hunts for lice on his body [H583.3]). (For further details see H583.1—H583.6). *BP II 359; *DeVries FFC LXXIII 116ff.; Krohn FFC XCVI 154ff.; *Espinosa II 144ff.; Wesselski Mdrchen 227; *Basset 1001 Contes II 41; Kohler-Bolte I 84, *87, 151ff.; *Anderson FFC XLII 356 n. 2. — Finnish 177; Finnish-Swedish 10; Lithuanian 11; Lappish 2; Swedish 50 (Uppsala 7, Stockholm 5, Goteborg 38> Lund 2, misc. 4)\ Danish 3; Irish 228>Beal III 62 (1); English 1; French 16; Spanish 3; Catalan: Amades No. 401, cf. 370, 388; Dutch 1; Flemish (922*) 6; German 56 (Archive 53, Merk. 48, Henssen Volk Nos. 151—152; Rumanian 2; Hungarian 9; Czech: Tille Soupis I 114f. 2; Slovenian 5; SerboCroatian 3; Greek: Loukatos Nos. 15, 16, 17; Russian: Azadowsky ; Russkaya Skazka No. 3, Andrejcv cf. 920 II, Afanasiev 9; India: Thompson-Balys (H585) 1; Indonesian: DeVries No. 234. —■Franco-American 7; English-American: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Rael No. 461 (U.S.), Hansen (Argentina) 1, (Dominican Republic) 7, (Puerto Rico) 4; West Indies (Negro) 4. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin VI 35 No. 205. 921A The Four Coins. (Focus). King: What do you do with the four coins you earn? Peasant: First I eat (feed self); second I put out at interest (give my children); third I pay debts (keep my parents); fourth I throw away (give to my wife). [H585.1]. *BP I V 1 3 7 ; * Anderson F FC X U I .’W i n . I; k o h lr . Bolt I VI .1 V I 161 (to G o n zen b a rh No. 50). Livonian (I VII*) /, Lidm.nn.in (921 A*) 12; Germ an: Wossidlo A lI.. Portuguese-Ameriean (Brazil): Camara Oascudo pp. 321’. 924A (formcrly 923*) Discussion between P riest an d J e w C a rried on by Sym bol.\. I’M',., priest raises three fingers (Trinity); Jew raises arm (one Cod); rle. [H607.1]. *Motif H607.1; *Anderson FFC XLIJ 354 n. 4; *Kohler-Bolte II 479ff.; *Loewe Zs. f. Vksk. XXVIII 126; Penzer VI 249. — Lithuanian (922*A) 11; Scottish: Archive 2; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Novella: Keller; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 250 2; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda (H607.1). — SpanishAmerican: Hansen (**926) (Argentina) 1. 924B Sign Language Misunderstood [J1804]. Two men (a king and a shepherd) are to have a disputation. The king holds up one finger; the shepherd two; the king three, and the like. The king admits he is outdone. The king’s one finger was meant to signify »I alone am powerful.» The shep­ herd thinks the king is asking for one sheep and holds up two fingers, meaning he will give two sheep to the king. The king interprets the two fingers as meaning »God is as powerful as you,» and the like. Czech: Tille Soupis II (1) 249 1; Turkish Eberhard-Boratav No. 312 4; India 5. 925 Tidings Brought to the King: Tou Said it, not I. The messenger arranges it f so that the king says the words in the form of a question [J 1675.2.1]. *Anderson FFC XLII 362; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish (925B) 2; Catalan: Amades No. 1639; German: Henssen Volk 280 No. 215; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1567*) 1; Serbocroatian 1; Gypsy: Krauss Zigeunermarchen p. 193. 925* The Alost Beautiful. T h e t h r e e b r o t h e r s i n t h e g a r d e n o f t h e r o y a l p a l n e e . T h e princess asks t h e m w h a t , is t h e m o s t h e a l t h f u l t h i n g in t h e g a r d e n . I l e a n s w e r . »Yourself».

[ J 14 7 2 J . l i e m a r r i e s t h e p i i n r i v ; .

Esto nian : l.nnrils

926

IStnisthr Volh\nuuehen

No. 71; I k u m l i

I;

lir .h /.

Two women elaim a ; C li.uivin II Pull N (,r tlx

FFC 1H4

r ; S p an ish A m eric.aii: R ael N o. 103 (U .S .).

934 (form erly 932*) The Prince and the Storm. It is prophesied that the prince w ill perish in a storm . T h e king con fin es him in an iron lint underground [M 3 4 1 .2 .2 ]. O n e day in the absence o f the king a storm destroys th e lint [M 3 72]. * K ohler in G on zen b ach II 222; *W csselski Monehslatein 91 N o . 77. Finnish (932*) 1; E stonian (932*) 8; L ith u a n ia n (932*) 12; Sw ed ish (U p p sala) 1; Irish 116, B eal V I I I 3f. N o . 6, X 3f. No'. 2 4 ; S p an ish (449*) 1; Ita lia n (T u scan , cf. [337], P en tam eron c II N o. 3, IYr N o. (!); H u n garian : Bc.rze N a g y (776*) 2; C zech : T ille Soupis II (2) 422: S loven ian 6'; S erb ocroatian 3; R ussian: A ndrejev (9 3 2 * ); In d ia 7. - L iterary T rea tm en t: G hauvin V 253 N o . 150, V I I I 105 N o . 80.

934A Predestined Death. T h e boy (girl) dies at the tim e and in th e m an n er (by drow n in g or other) -which was p redestined at birth by F ate. A ll efforts to avert the calam ity prove futile. [M 3 7 0 .1 ]. F innish 1; L ith u a n ia n (*932A ) 14; R u ssian (*932 I) 7; R u m a n ia n (932*) 4; H u n g a ria n : Berze N agy (9 3 4 * ) 3; Serb ocroatian 2.

934A1 Three-fold Death. T h e child to die from hunger, fire, an d w ater. It so happens. [M 341.2.4J. * Jackson » T h c M o tiv e o f the T hreefold D ea th in the Story o f S u ib h n c G cill» Essays and Studies Presented to Koin M aeX eill 535 550; Irish m yth: * Gross: E stonian: A arne FFC X X Y 136 N o. 96; Spanish K x em p l.i: K e lle r /

934B (form erly 333*) 7 he Touth

to Di e on hi\ II eddui" Du\ . \ pi m< < h< .u , .■ prophecy that on his wed 1.41 \ n 11111 i.. ■ 1right hi I w olf | M 84 I .2.6 | . lie hie', Ilin >i w h \ ,i i n m . 11 n r ........ .nr. i.» i mil the enem y |M 3 4 I .2 |. lie mu i e n f in l.illni" lh< v\ 11 \s claw s j lien Wilson I I I T T ; M i l * IN' 1 7 2 ; H d w b . d. A b e n d . I N ’ 12'MI. lv,l< m i a n : l.m i.m J e y n b a ll Ca t a l o g j i s \l5() incident IVc). *BP II 285H., especially 293 (G rim m !S!n. 90) ; ( ',11 in Einni-.li Vi'. l'innish-Sw cdish 5; Estonian 9, l.illm .m ia n / / , Nwi-dr.li 9 i l l p p ,..il,i G oteborg /, misc. 7); N o iw cgin n /»; U.mr.li / ». In .li II, bp.mi h Espinosa III N os. I(>3 7; ( ha m an / / i An liivr 10, I l< i i .m n \lf AT 170); H u n garian .3; C zech: T ille Soupis II (2) 9811'. 0. Sei l>o< lo .ili.m '3; R ussian: A n d rejev Ukraine 3; G reek I ; India /. S p an ish -A m erican : H an sen (A rgen tin a) 7, (D o m in ica n R e p u b lic) 3, (P u erto R ico ) 5; West Indies (N egro) 7. 1003*

*

Guarding Cattle. The rascal must stay out until the dog runs home. He binds a cord around the dog's neck and kills him. Icelandic 2.

348

Shlli Thom pson

l i e : ];:;

1004 Hogs in the Mud; Slice// in the Air. The cows driven away, the lings’ tails in

the mud, the bell-wether on the tree. I. Pigs9 Tails. Left to guard the pigs, the trickster kills and sells them and leaves their tails sticking in the ground. The owner pulls the taiL out and is convinced that the pigs have escaped underground. [K404.1 |. II. Sheep in Tree. Likewise with the sheep whose tails are in the tree: he thinks they have escaped in the air. ['lvl04.3]. III. Tails in Mouth. One ox is killed and his tail pul in the mouth of another: the owner thinks one has eaten the other | K.404.2]. *BP 111 392 notes 1, 2 i,Grimm No. 192); *Anderson in Tauschn Volksmdrchen 185; Jahrbuchfiir romanische und cnglische Literatur VIII 2499'.: Coffin 17; Espinosa III 130—140. ... Finnish 5; Finnish-Swcdish 2; Estonian 7, (1525G*) 8; Lithuanian 1; Lappish 2; Swedish 8 (Uppsala A Goteborg -7, misc. a); Norwegian 13; Danish 9; Icelandic 1; Irish 7; French 6'; Spanish 4 ; Catalan: Amadcs No. 2; Dutch 7; Flemish 7; German 17 (Archive 75, Henssen Volk No. 200, Meckl. No. 99;: Austrian: Ilaiding No. 48; Italian (Sicilian 7, Gonzcnbach No. 37: Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 88 —93 10; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Andrejev (15250*) 7; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Nos. 274 V, 352: India 2; Indonesian: DeVries No. 241. — Spanish-Amcrican: Rael No. 284 (U.S.); Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen: (Argentina) 7, (Chile; 7, (Puerto Rico) 2 ; Portuguese American (Brazil): Camera Cascudo 241 No. 1; West Indies 'Negro) 4; African 3; N. Am. Indian: Thompson C Coll II 41914. No. 19. 1005 Building a Bridge or Road with the carcasses of slain cattle. Ordered to

build for the ogre’s wedding a bridge, not of wood, stone, iron, or earth, he uses cattle. [ Ivl4411. Finnish 114; Finnish-Swcdish 7; Swedish 29 (Uppsala 72, Stockholm 2. Goteborg 7, Liungman -7, misc. 10); Norwegian O'; Danish 23; Icelandic 2 ; Scottish 2; Irish 77; Spanish 7; Dutch 7/ German 16 (Archive l">. Henssen Volk No. 201); Hungarian 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II 1' 8, 93 77; Serbocroatian 7; Russian: Andrejev. 1006 Casting Byes. Cf. Type 1685. Ordered to cast (‘yes on (his or that, he DIF

animals and throws their eyes at the object. | K1 1I2|. Finnish 100; Finnish-Swcdish 7; Estonian 10; Livonian 3; Swedish .A (Llppsala 79, Stockholm 7. Lund /, Liungman 4, misc. : Spanish: Espinosa 111 Nos. 181 186; German 7/ (Archive 12. Henssen Volk No. 191, Henssen Jiil. No. 464); Italian (Tuscan 1006 a. b, 1013 1) 3 ); Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 7; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 7; India. Thoinpson-Balys K1442) 7. 1(K)(>:!: »hitt the Sheep that is Looking at l'uu.» The whole flock is looking, so dial tin* rascal kills them all. Lithuanian 16; Russian (*1006).

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kills h i m s e l f ) . I •,* kithuanian 6; Swedish 3(> (Uppsala .7/, Sim kholm 9, Gdleborg 9, Lund 77, kiungman 10, misc. 10); Scottish 7; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 154; Flemish 7; German 26; Italian (Tuscan [1005] 1; Hungarian 3, Berze Nagy (1160*) 2; Czech: 'Tillc Soupis I 197, 200f., II (2) 389f. 13; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Afanasiev 6; Greek 7.

S tilh Thompson

3GG

FFC

UU

1160 The Ogre in the Haunted Castle. Beard caught fast. Gf. Type 32G.

Motifs: E282. Ghosts haunt castle. K i l l 1.1. Ogre's (dwarf) beard caught fast. *BP III 259. — Finnish 108; Finnish-Swcdish 1; Estonian 2; Lappish 1; Swedish 98 (Uppsala 6, Stockholm 9, Goteborg 46, Lund 11, Liungman 10, misc. 16); Norwegian 1; Danish 1; Flemish 1; Hungarian 1; Russian: Andrejev. 1161 The Bear Trainer and his Bear. The bear drives the ogre from the room. »Is the big cat still living?» Cf. Type 957. A man with a bear passes the night in a place frequented by ogres. The ogres come, discover the bear, think it is a cat, and try to feed it. The bear chases them all out. Later they ask whether the man still has the big white cat. The man answers that it now has many kittens, and the ogres promise never to come again. [K1728]. **Taylor MPh XVII 305—24; **Christiansen »Kja^tten paa Dovrc» Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter 2. kl. (1922) No. 6; Liestol »Kjetta pa Dovrc» Maal og Minne 1933 pp. 24-ff.; BP IV 173; Schier Mitteldeutsche Blatter fitr Volkskunde X (1935) 164ff.; Christiansen FFC CLXXV No. 6015; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. X X X III—XXXIV 33—38, X U 282f.; Hartmann Trollvorsiellimgen 19, 54. — Finnish 42; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 19; Lithuanian 26; Swedish 42 (Uppsala 74, Stockholm 4, Goteborg 8, Lund 5, Liungman 3, misc. 8); Norwegian 32. Solheim 5; Danish 20, Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 434ff., (1928) 29If.; German 15 (Archive 14, Meckl. No. 102); Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 390f. 6; Slovenian 10; Russian: Andrejev 1. 1161A The Fatted Cow. The devil gives the man a cow to be pastured for an in­ definite length of time. After waiting in vain for the devil to claim his cow, the man sells it. When at last the devil does conic for his cow, the man makes gifts of: his father’s comb for combing whiskers (harrow), a whip (flail), a sugar-basin (large wooden mortar), a tobacco-box (trap). Instead of the cow, the man shows him a bear. The devil rides it and says: »How you have fattened my cow!» Lithuanian (*1146A) 6; Russian: Andrejev (* 11G1 I) 1. 1162 The Iron Man and the Ogre. In order to save the king’s daughter imm 11w

1162*

ogre an iron man is forged. The ogre is driven away. |K17.r>(>|. Estonian 3; Lithuanian 4; Swedish 2 (Goteborg /, l.iimgman l)\ Russian: Andrejev 5. The Devil and Children. Devil dors not go to picnic when he hears that there are many young children there. Nothing for him to do where there are young children.

Spanish (1149*A) 1.

1163 The Ogre Teaches the Smith how to Use Sand in Forging Iron. The ogre blames

the smith for his stupidity. Since then smiths have used sand. [G651]. Finnish 40; Finnish-Swedish 2; Estonian 15; Lithuanian: Balys Le­

FFC 184

The

T y p r * o| | lie I' n| 1,1,11 finish work in a limited lime. Smith stops, hides the work, and claims that il is long since done. Walloon 7. 1164 The Evil Woman Thrown into the Pit. Belfagor. The ogre comes out, since he cannot remain below with her. [K2325, T251.1.4]. *BP I 382, 388, IV 176 n. 1 ; S. Prato RTP IV 174; Laographia XVII 137ff. — Finnish 39; Estonian 77; Lithuanian 19; Lappish 2; Swedish 6 (Uppsala 2, Stockholm 7, Lund 7, misc. 2); Danish 7; Spanish (*340) 4; Catalan: Amades No. 220; German 7; Italian (Sicilian 7); Rumanian 3; Hungarian 2; Czech: Tille Soupis I 87 19; Serbocroatian 2; Russian: Andrejcv Ukraine 9, Afanasiev 17; Greek 5; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 377 4; India 7. — Portuguese American (Brazil): Camara Cascudo p. 40. 1164A Devil Frightened by Threatening to Bring Mother-in-law [K2325]. Lithuanian (*1164A) 24; Spanish (*340) 3; Serbocroatian 7. 1164B Even the Devil Cannot Live with a Widow, The man, finding himself in hell, gladly declares that life there is much better for him, compared to the life he spent on earth with his wife. He makes a bargain with the devil: should the latter endure life with his wife for three years, the former would be set free from hell. The devil is the loser. [T251.1.2.2]. Lithuanian (* 1164B) 77. 1164C Devil Baked inside a Loaf of Bread. Is afraid of the woman. Lithuanian (*1164C) 4. The Demon and the Man Join Forces. Gf. 1 ypes 332, 1802B. I. The Cowed Demon, (a) A woman drives off with a broom both Iw i husband and a demon who lives nearby, or the woman frightens a de­ mon in .some other way. (b) A man sings so poorly that his idative1; force him to sing under a tree in a field and hit e a pom man lo be hi*; Audience. A demon in ihc live, Inimeiiled hv tin* singing, and pii\ing the poor man, agires (o help the pom man. II. 1 he Demon Powewes the Putin w | Is I'tVi.l•|. I Ik demon i nil i . (In

1 164D

body of llie princess, ijneen, eh , The man. hn « mil) di i .1 1« , « son i n s tin

1165

demon and is richly icw.uded, I lie demon wains tin in an In i -.... it die d. and i In man is mdeied, on pain ol diatlg to d i Iv« mit it i* d» inmi Winn In coni(*M to the pi im evi, lie Iel It Ilie demon that Oil h In will i I•) tin ■1111" ' is outside |T2.‘>I. I. I |. The (lemon leaves. India 9. The Troll and the Christening. A farmer is on friendly terms with a troll whom he does not wish to invite to his child’s christening, knowing the

3GB

S lilh Thompson

IT T : l

troll’s appetite. Not wishing to offend him, he sends to invite him; b he is to say that among the guests will be found the Virgin Alary, Tin the Thunderer, etc. The troll thinks lie had belter stay away, but he w give the finest present. [K1736]. *Hartmann Trollvorslelhmgen 50; *Balys Tautosakos Darbai VI 137 161. — Lithuanian 18; Swedish 160 (Uppsala 51, Stockholm 19, Lund Goteborg 60, Liungman 6', misc. ID) ; Norwegian (1165**) 77, Solhcim . Danish 55, Krislensen Jyske Folkcminder IV 232 No. 401. 1165* The Blind Giant (Slallo) is killed or frozen [G121J. Lappish 9; Swedish (Uppsala) 2. 1166* The Devil Keej)s Guard in Place of the Soldier. Cannot endure it (hat the straps his knapsack cross each other [G303.16.3.2], Is punished. Estonian 12; Lithuanian (1168*) 2; Hungarian: Bcrzc Nagy 655 1; Seri) Croatian 1; Russian: Afanesiev 7. 1166** A ‘Shoemaker Frightens the Devils and gets gold [K335]. Lappish (1166*) 7. 1167* The Youth Imprisons the Devil in his own iron house [G513]. Cf. Type 328. Lappish 7.

1168 Various Ways of Expelling Devils [D2176].

Lithuanian (*1179) 8; Serbocroalian 7. 1168A The Demon and the Mirror. Cf. Types 92, 1336A. The man has a mirror in his bag. lie tells (a) the demon (or (bj tl tiger) that lie has captured other demons (tigers) and shows him il bag, whereupon he sees his reflection and, mistaking it for anolb demon, (tiger), flees. ['J 1795.1, K1715.1, K1883.7]. *Pcnzcr V 49 n. 1 ; Ghauvin II 88 No. 25. —India 12. — America Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 134 No. 18, (Virginia): Parsons JA1; XXXV 264 No. 12. 1168B The Tree-Demon Pays the Man to Save the Tree JN699.5]. A man goes cut a tree. The demon who lives in the tree promises to bring the man large amount of rice each year if the man will desist. Later the dem who must collect the rice tire of the bargain. One goes to devout d man and tries to enter his house through a drain hole. 'The man lieu a noise in the hole, believes it is a neighbor’s cat, and hits the demon < the head with a mallet. The demon pretends he has come to ask wlteih the man wants his rice husked or not. (a) The demon is fri ght ened some other way. India .9. 1168C The Virgin Mary Saves a Woman Sold to the Devils. A man sells his wile the devils. The woman first goes to church to pray to Mary. The Yirg Marv appears in the form of the woman. Tin* devils: »\Ve do not nn her». [K 1841.3]. Lithuanian (*1167) 9; Rumanian (827*) 2; Serbocroalian 7. 1169 Changing Heads with the Devil. St. Peter accidentally strikes off heads

FF C 1H4

1 h r T yp es o f liie F o lk ta le

3li9

the devil and an old man. 'Trying to undo the damage he places heads back on wrong bodies. Cf. Type 774A. [A 1371.1, L34]. Lithuanian (3047) 14; Swedish fGS 1169) 3; Flemish: De Mever FFC XXXV.II 83 No. 1lb 5; Slovenian 2. 1 170— 1199 A M a n S e l l s

his

Soul

to

th e Devil

Saves it through deceit, usuallv bv imposing an impossible task on the devil ['M211. (4303.16.19.3]. 1170 The Evil Woman in the Glass Case as Last Commodity. 'The man is to belong to the ogre as soon as he has sold his goods. Ifhe has any goods that no one will buy, he is to be free. The man puts an evil old woman in a glass case. When the devil sees her he recognizes her: »Whoever knows her will refuse to buy her.» The man goes free. [K216.1]. Boggs Studies in Philology 1934 pp. 32ff. - - Finnish 45; Finuish-Swcdish 7; Swedish 57 (Uppsala 6', Stockholm 3> Gbteborg 33. Lund 7, Liungman 3, inisc. 10); Danish 2; Irish 1; Flemish 1; German Archive 1; Slovenian 1. 1170A Task: Selling Three Old Women. (Devil finds that no one wants them.) [Ill 153]. *BP III 16. 1171 A Rabbit in Each j\'et. The man is to belong to the devil if the latter can catch a rabbit in each of hundred nets set in high trees. [HI 024.3]. BP III 16 (Grimm No. 125); Dahnhardt III 23. - Finnish 57; Swedish (Uppsala) 2 ; Danish 5: Russian: Andrejev. 1172 All Stones from the Brook or the Field 11T1121]. Finnish 2; Swedish 5 (U ppsala 7, Stockholm 2. Liungman /, niisv. //; Danish 20; Germ an 2; Srrbocmat ian /: Russian : Andrejev. U72*

D a 'it to Co u n t S t a r s , W a llo o n

grass, s.mds

o f .sr;i. etc .

( :| I I 7 2 . \ ) / .

1173 Knots /non the

Piof>\

of S/nlled la amir | I I I( I . I |.

Finnish / ; R iiv,i, m i : Ai id i r j r \ .

1173A ( f o m i u l v I I W )

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p* a ml

I lie peasant \\ i .ln s lot .ill l|n I m I m ..........mi l I •i , u ii I 111 720b s.v. »s;rk»; *Clouston Noodles 19; Field Pent Cuckoo 3. England, U.S.: Baugh­ man (J 1874.1); French: Sebillot Littcraturc oralc dr la llautr lhetagne 387; Dutch (1212*) /; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J 1871.1); Kumniii.m: Sehullerus (RFC LXXVIII 98 |9 No. 5|) /; Hungarian: ltn/ r Nag\ (1399 XII*) /; Slovenian; Russian: Afanasiev (*1213) /. Spanish American: llansrn (Puerto Rico) 2. 1242R

Balancing, the M e a l \ < n l .

b a l a n c e s it on I lie ol I n i

Man

puls sack ul meal on out ndt nl ’i.iddh .

side w i t h a i m L | | I 87 I ' ’ |

Walloon ( + I 2 0 3 ) I; H . S . : B a u g h m a n ( J I M / I 1797* I'rlting the l m\ The Inul 11 il >mi IliaI IId n\ Iod• In i vvill loll t*11 111• n •i|'nii Mi■ •I the wap,iiii and InlL die Iimim (Meek ( | ,M,.,**» l 124 J / he 11 lllt(/ /A ( \ n f ti>(f / )lllt ,n

f/ir I h t h Ihe 11 i a 11 h d bat k up In m tIt i lo lull it down | J 2 1( |. Clouston .Noodles 59. Finnish 22; Lappish I; Swedish / (Uppsala .7, Stockholm 7, misc. 2); German /; Russian: Andrejev. 1244 Trying to Stretch the Beam [J 1964.1].

;580

Stitli T hom pson

1TC 18-1

Finnish 9; Estonian 4; Lithuanian 1; Lappish 1; French 1; Catalan: Amades No. 557; Dutch 4; Flemish 3; German 17 (Archive 16, Henssen Volk No. 221); Hungarian 6; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Afanesiev 4. 1245 Sunlight Carried in a Bag into the Windowless House. When this plan does not succeed they gradually pull down the house in order to get light. □ 2123].

Coffin 6. — Finnish 57; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 1; Livonian 1; Lithuanian 11; Lappish 1; Swedish 39 (Uppsala 15, Stockholm 5, Liungman 7, misc. 12); Norwegian 1; Icelandic 1; Irish 19; English 1; French 7; Catalan: Amades No. 39S; Dutch 3; Walloon (*1245A) 1; German 17 (Archive 16, Henssen Volk No. 232); Italian (Tuscan 1200 7); Hun­ garian 5, Degh No. 41; Czech: Tille Soupis I 408 1; Slovenian 2 ; SerboCroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 331 III 3. — English-American: Baughman 5. 1245* White Sheep-skin as Source of Light [J1961]. Livonian (1245) 1. 1245** Trying to Catch Light in a Mouse-trap [J 1961.1]. Flemish 1. 1245A* Carrying out the Smoke in a Sieve. Russian: Andrejev (1245 I) 1. 1246 The Axes Thrown Awayi The first lets his axe fall. The others throw theirs into the same place [J2171.4]. Feilberg Ordbog IV 199a s.v. »hammer»; Christensen DF XLVII 194. — Finnish 10; Finnish-Swedish 4; Swedish 26 (Uppsala 11, Stockholm 3, Lund 1, Liungman 3, misc. 8); Irish 1; Flemish 3; German: Henssen Volk No. 234; Russian: Andrejev. 1246* Building the Church. For amusement they throw away the beams from the scaf­ folding until it all falls down. [J2171.3]. Finnish-Swedish (1245*) 1.

1247 The Man Sticks his Head into the Hole of the Millstone. It rolls into the lake.

[J2131.5.4]. Cf. Type 1241. Finnish 24; Livonian 3; Icelandic 1; German 4 (Archive 3, Henssen Volk No. 223); Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Andrejev. 1248 Tree-trunks Laid Crosswise of the Sledge [J1964]. Cf. Type 801. *BP III 302. — Finnish-Swedish (1242*) 1, (1242**) /; Swedish 7f> (Uppsala 19, Stockholm 3, Liungman 1, misc. 2); English I ; German 9, (Archive#, Meckl. No. 104); Chinese: Eberhard FFC GXX 274 No. 1 V III, FFC CXXVIII 231 No. 138. 1249 Oxen Hitched Before and Behind Wagon [FI 71.0-4]. Cf. Type 801. Slovenian 1. 1250 Bringing Water from the Well. A log is laid across the top of the well. One man holds to the log with his hands, the next climbs down and holds to his feet, and so on; the uppermost man becomes tired and lets go to spit on his hands. [J2133.5]. Cf. Type 121.

FFC 184

The Types of the Folktale

BB I

*Penzer Ocean V 170 n. 1; Dclaruc in Pcrboso. Gascogne 2011'.; KohlerBolte I 51, 135, 486ff.: Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 2101'. No. 40; Schweizerisches Archiv fiir Volkskunde X X III 30; Christensen 1)F XLYI1 229; Clouston Noodles 158; Coffin 8; Feilberg Ordbog 111 967 s.v. »tra». — Finnish-Swedish (124-7*) 1; Swedish 19 (Uppsala 9, Stockholm 4, Lund 2, misc. 7); Irish 3; English 4; French 76', Spanish: cf. 1; Dutch 5, Flemish (1247*) 2; Walloon (*125011) 1; German 25 (Archive 23, Henssen Volk No. 227, Henssen Jiil No. 463); Rumanian: FFC LXXVIII 69 No. 10 2; Hungarian (Berzc Nagy 1334*) 4; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 1; Greek 3; India 3; Chinese: Ghavannes II 324; EnglishAmcrican: Baughman 5; Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (Cuba) 1, (Puerto Rico) 1; American Negro: Parsons JAFL XXXV 302; American Indian: (Muskhogean) Swanton JAFL XXVI 218, (Zuni) Cushing, rLuni Folk Tales 229. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin II 201 No. 47. 1250A Hampers Piled up to Measure Tower (Climb Tree). Bottom removed and all fall. Cf. Type 121. [J2133.6.1]. Espinosa III 147. — French (1250B*) 7; Spanish (1703*) 1; Greek (1240**) 3; Spanish-American: Hansen (Dominican Republic) 1, (Puerto Rico) 2. — African (Ashanti): Werner African Mythology 125. 1250B The Fool Dangling from the Elephant's Tail [J2133.5.2]. A supernatural elephant (cow) descends from the sky and tramples a man’s field. The next night he hides, seizes the elephant’s tail, and is carried to the sky. He returns and tells his friends who also want to visit the sky. They form a human chain with the first man hanging on to the tail of the elephant. When they are in the air, the others ask the first man a question. He lets go to gesticulate with his hands while answering, or the like. India 7. 1255 A Hole to Throw the Earth in. Numskull plans to dig a hole so as to have a place to throw the earth from his excavations. | ) 1934 |. *Wcsselski llodscha Nasreddin 11 227 No. 480. Swedish: . 298. 1281A (formerly 1281*) Getting Rid of the Man-eating Calf. A fool, liking tin* shoes on the feet of a man hanged on a gallows, cuts off the swollen Jeei in order to carry off the shoes. In the room in which he sleeps that nigh1 is a newborn calf. The next morning the man takes the shoes but h uvrs the feet. Peasants agree that the calf has eaten the man all but the l«rL Thev burn the house to destroy the calf [J1815J. *Wesselski Rebel I 231 No.' 144; *Koider-Bolte 1 68f - - FinnishSwedish (1281*) 4; Swedish (1281*) 9 (Uppsala 3, Lund .7, Liungman 5 ■ Danish DF L 65, Nyrop Dam*a I (1890) 28311, cf 11 G81T.; Slovenian: Spanish-Amcrican Rael No. 327 (U.S.). 1282 House Burned Down to Rid it of Insects [J2102.4]. ♦Pauli (ed. Belle) No. 37; *BP III 288; Wesselski llodscha .\a.-r«ldi» I 244 No. 137; Christensen 1)F XLVJI 219fT. No. 82; India 1; In d o n e s ia: De Vries No. 267.

T lir T \

FFt: 1»4-

1282*

| m s i *|

i In' I11>1Ll.11" (1 11>|i,.ala ."A Slot klmlm N Cote borg 2} Lund.'/, Liimgm.m 7, misc. //); Nm wegiaii /; liish TVu(t 11 2: Flemish //; Walloon /; German 6; Swiss: Jegerlclmer Obe.rwallis 317 No. 153; Hungarian 1; Slovenian 3; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Afanasiev (1287A B) 1; India 13; Indonesian: Goster-Wijsman 66 No. 111. — English-Amcrican: Baughman 1. 1287* Detecting Poisonous Mushrooms. A peasant is told that a ten-sou piece (silver) will 25

386

Stilh T hompson

FFC 1»4

darken mushrooms if they are poisonous. Since he has only nine sous, he removes one-tenth of the mushrooms. Walloon (*1207) 7. 1288 Numskulls Cannot Find their Own Legs. A stranger helps them with a switch. [J2021]. *BP III 150 (Grimm No. 143); Fb IV 32b s.v. »ben». — Finnish 17; Estonian 1; Swedish 10 (Uppsala 2, Stockholm 4y Goteborg 7, Lund 7, Liungman 7, misc. 1); Icelandic 1; French 10; Catalan: Amades Nos. 398, 557; Dutch 2; Italian (Tuscan 1200, 1288b, 1450a 3; Hungarian: Degh No. 41; Slovenian 1; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev 1; Greek Archive 7, Hepding Laographia VI 309, Argcnti-Rose (Chios) II 597, Loukatos No. 20; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 331 III 2. — English-Amcrican: Baughman 1. 1288* »These Arc Not my Fcet,» says a peasant, whose boots have been stolen while lie was in a drunken sleep; »My feet had boots on them.» Finnish 1; Russian: Andrejev (*2063) 1. 1288A Numskull cannot Find Ass he is Sitting on [J2022]. *BP III 150 (Grimm No. 143). — Catalan: Amades No. 509; German 8; Italian 3 (Trieste: Pinguentini No. 94, Sicilian 2); Hungarian: Berzc Nagy (1349 II*) 1; Serbocroatian 4. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1. 1289 Each Wants to Sleep in the Middle [J 2213.1]. Finnish 4; Hungarian 2; Greek 1; Russian: Andrejev 1. ~~ African (Ila, Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 416 No. 15. 1290 Swimming in the Flax-field. Peasants go to visit the sea. They see a waving flax-field, and thinking it is the sea, jump in for a swim. [] 1821]. *BP III 205; Kbhler-Boltc I 112; Coffin 2; Christensen DF XLVI1 195 No. 20. — Finnish 13; Finnish-Swedish 4; Swedish 40 (Uppsala 15, Stockholm 7, Goteborg 7, Lund 4, Liungman 7, misc. 72); French 13; Walloon 7; Hungarian 5; Slovenian 7; Serbocroatian 7/ Russian: Andrejev; India 6. 1290A* Man Thinks Undulating Wheat Fields are Marching. He opens city gates to welcome the wheat. It does not arrive and he assumes it was moved en route. Walloon (*1715) 7; Hungarian: Berzc Nagy (1229*) 3. 1290B* Sleeping on a Feather. Numskull, finding that one feather makes a hard pillow, thinks a sackful would be unbearable. [J2213.9]. *BP III 239; Hchvb. d. Marchens I 15.— Canada: Baughman (J2213.!b; German (well known). 1291 One Cheese Sent to Bring Back Another. One cheese falls and rolls down the hill. She sends the second to bring back the first. [J 1881.1.2]. *BP I 521 (Grimm No. 59); Coffin 4. ----- Finnish 3; Finnish-Swedish 7; Livonian (1291) 2; Icelandic (1431*) 7; Irish 2; English (1291*) 2; Dutch 2; Walloon 1; German 4; Hungarian: Degh No. 39; Russian: Andrejev. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 7; West Indies (Negro) 2.

T h e Types of the Folktale

FFC 184

387

1291A Three-legged Pot Sent to Walk Home [ J 1881.1.3]. Clouston Noodles 36; Field Pent Cuckoo 5; BP I 521 n. 1. — England: Baughman (J 1881.1.3); Spanish: Espinosa III 147; North American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 417f. 1291B Filling Cracks with Butter. Numskull sees cracks in the ground and feels so sorry for them that he greases them with the butter he is taking home.

1871].

*BP I 521; Wesselski Hodscha J\asreddin I 250 No. 165; Hungarian (1231*); Missouri French: Carriere. Cf. Type 1386. 1291C (formerly 1291*) The Tabic is Thrown out of the Sledge. It is to go along by itself. [J 1881.14]. The freezing street fence. Finnish-Swedish 1. 1291D Other Objects Sent to Go by Themselves [J 1881.1]. Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 272 No. 281; Missouri French: Carriere; Spanish: Espinosa III 147; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 72 No. 130. — Icelandic (1349 X*) 1. 1291* changed to Type 1291C. 1291** Fools Let Horse Loose to Find Road Home. Icelandic (1349X*) 1. 1292* Etiquette of a Guest. A married daughter visiting her mother will not drive away a hog rooting in the garden since she is guest in the house. Lithuanian (*1292) 2.

1293 Numskull Slays until he has Finished. As he is making water he hears a brook flowing and mistakes what it is. He waits for a day and a half. [J 1814]. *Kohler-Bolte I 485 No. 23; *Wesselski Bebcl II 150ff., *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin 1210 No. 23; French: Fleury Litterat-ure orale de la Basse Normandie 204; German: Merkens I 162 No. 193 g.; U.S.: Baughman (J 1814); Hungarian: Berzc Nagy (1349 XXXI*) 1. 1293* Learn to Swim. The fool almost drowns when swimming. The others blame him: »Learn to swim on dry ground before you go into the water.» [J2226]. Estonian (1292*) 1; Russian (1292*). 1293** Keeping Life In. The man binds a belt around his wife’s neck so that life will not escape from her. She chokes to death. Estonian (1293*) 2. 1293A* Woman Breaks all her Dishes to make place for a pot. Hungarian (Honti 1293, berzc Nagy 1388*) 3. 1293B* Head in the Water. Peasant on floating log head downward in water allowed to drown: »He is drying his leggings.» Russian: Andrejev (*1292 1).

1294 Getting the Calf's Head out of the Pol. A calf gets its head caught in the pot. A fool cuts off the calf’s head and then breaks the pot to get it out.

[J2!13].

Clouston Noodles 89; Greek 2, Dawkins Modern Greek in Asia Minor 503 No. 10; India 4.

Slitli Thompson

ffc

m

129-1 A* Child with Head Caught in Jar. People to cut off the head. Stranger advises to break the jar. Rumanian (1285A) 1. 129413* slss Laden with Iiav Caught between Bushes. Fool sets fire to bushes to free him. Greek 1.

1295 The Seventh Cake Satisfies. Fool regrets that he had not eaten number seven first since that was the one that brought satisfaction. [J2213.3]. *Von der Leyen Das Mdrchen 78 and Herrigs Archiv CXIV 20 n. 2. German: Merkcns No. 89; Russian: Afanasief (*2076) 1. 1295A Fasting the First Month. Numskull having enough food to last him eleven out of the twelve months fasts the entire first month so as to get the ordeal over. He starves with eleven month’s supply on hand. [J2135.1], Clouston Noodles 89; India 1. 1295B The Seventh Cucumber. The thief, picking the seventh cucumber, remem­ bers the Seventh Commandment; starts again from number one. Catch­ ing the thief, the owner beats him, counting from one to five (the Fifth Commandment) and then begins anew. Lithuanian (*2426) 2. 1295A* Tall Bridegroom Cannot Get into Church. Is hit on back and thus falls down and can enter. Danish 2; Greek 4, Kretschmer No. 20. 129513* Alan on Camel has Doorway Broken Down so that he can Ride in. It does not occur to him to dismount. fJ 2 171.6, cf. J 2 199.3.] 1ndia: Thompson-Bnlys.

1296 FooVs Errand. People sent to get imaginary things. (Left-handed monkey wrench and the like.) [J2346]. *Hcpding Hessische Blatter XVIJ1 1101T.; Arts cl Traditions Populaires I (1953) 5; Folkminncn och Folktankar XVIII (1931) 18. — Swedish (Upp­ sala) 7; Canada, England, United States: Baughman (J2346). 1296A Fools go to Buy Good Weather (Storm, spring). Bring back swarm of bees (butterfly) in sack. [J2327]. Cf. Type 910 G. *Koh]er-Boltc I 324f. — Catalan: Amades No. 602; French 4; Italian: Widter-Wolf Volksmdrchen aits Venetien No. 19; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1292*) 1; Swiss: Jcgerlchncr 150 No. 10; Greek: Hepding Laographia.VI 310; Merkcns I 36 No. 46, 52 No. 68. 1296B Doves in the Letter. A fool is to take two doves (eels) in a basket to a pea­ sant, along with an explanatory letter. On the way the doves escape. The peasant reads the letter. »Where arc the two doves that are in the letter?» »Thcv escaped from the basket. It’s lucky they are in the letter.» *Christcnsen Dlr XLVII 139 No. 48. - German: Merkcns III 219 No. 209. 12!K>* 7 he Unbalanced Field. Villagers arc unwilling to plow one end of the field lest the other became unbalanced. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1296*) 2.

FFC 184

T he Types of 111 0 Folktale

389

1297* Jumping into the River after their Comrade. Through misunderstanding one of tin­ men jumps into the river. He calls out; the others think that he wants them to follow, and all jump in and arc drowned. [J1832J. *BP II 556 n. 1; Japanese: Ikeda. 1300* changed to Type 1265*. 1301* Prayer in Latrine. A man having forgotten his prayers falls into a latrine. The only prayer he can remember is »God, give us this day our daily bread.» Frcnch-Oanadian. 1302* Animal Troops. A peasant plans to send cows and be es against an invading army [K2351.2J. Greek 7.

1305 The Miser and his Gold [YV153]. 1305A Workman Looks at Miser’s Gold. It will do him as much good as it does the miser. Irish. 1305B Miser’s Treasure Stolen. He should imagine the treasure still there: he will be as well off as before. [J 1061.4]. *Wessclski Hodscha „Kasreddin I 259 No. 201; Halm Aesop No. 412. — Irish; India: Thompson-Balvs (J1061.4) 1. 1305C Miser Would Drink Molten Gold. Given melted butter instead. Thinks he is taking his gold with him to the grave. Irish. 1309 Choosing the Clean Pigs. From figs which have been urinated on he is to choose only clean ones. In testing he cats them all. Rumanian FFC LXXVIII 95 1; Hungarian: Bcrze Nagy (1319 XXIX*) 7, Kirchhof Wendunmulh (1869) No. 123; Scrbocroatian 2. 1310 Drowning the Crayfish as Punishment. Eel. crab, turtle, etc. express fear of water and arc thrown in. [K581.1]. *Dahnhardt Naiursagcn IV 43; Kohlcr-Bolte I 266. — Finnish 12: Finnish-Swedish (222*) 5; Livonian 7; Estonian I; Lithuanian 3; Swedish 10 (Uppsala 3, Stockholm 7, Goloborg 7, Lund 7, misc. -7); Danish 9; English: Baughman 2; French 10; German 12 (Archive 77, Henssen Volk No. 229); Hungarian: Bcrze Nagy (1319 XIII*) /; \ Slovenian 2; Russian: Andrcjev; India 7; Indonesian: Dixon 195, 196, n. 32, *De Vries Volksverhalcn II N o . 107. Spanish-Ainerican: Han­ sen (Argentina) 7, (Cuba) 7, (Dominican Republic) 7, P u e r t o Kirn) West Indies (Negro) 3; American Indian: *Thompson 1 ales 302 u. 108. — Africa 22; Oceanic (Philippine): Fanslcr MAFSL XII 443, (Tinguian): Cole 196, 197 n. 1. 1310A Briar-patch Punishment for Rabbit. Bv expressing fear of being thrown into the briar-patch he induces his captor to do so. He runs off. [K581.2]. Often a sequel to Type 175. **Ruth I. Cline American Literature II 72ff.: **Espinosa JAFL XLIII 129ff.; *Dahnhardl IV 26; Kohler-Bolte I 266; *Parsons FL XXX 227.

3 is silling oil a tree limb and sawing the limb that he will fall. When the fool falls, he believes the passerby to be a prophet. See Type 1 2 4 0 . J > ) The l o o l demands that the »prophet» or a fortuneteller tell him when he w>h die. II. The Death Prophecy. Fie is told he will die (a) when a red thread of

I'M

T h e Type's nl ill.' F. .| l.l.ik

FF C 181

the like comes from his body, (b) wlirn his li.iuds and feel bo n i n e cold, (c) when a drop.of water falls on his head, m d) other signs. 111. 7 he »l)cad» M an. The pi ophrsird event ueenrs and the Inol thinks lie is dead, fa) When his pall-bearers or pasetsbv argue over which load to lake, the fool sits lip and advises them: >AVhen 1 was alive, I took Mic h a one.» (b) I'lc is beaten by the soldiers, etc., and returns home to warn his friends to avoid soldiers in the afterworld, etc. *Wossclski Hodscha Xasreddin I 21 Gf. No. *19; *Kdhlcr-lhdtc T 135, 486, 505; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 860. — Lithuanian (*1240A) 7: French: Millien et Dclarue 298 n. 24; Frcnch-Ganadian; Walloon; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J23J1.4); Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1694*) 2; Serbocroatian 5; Slovenian 7/ India 75. 1313B »\Vhen Shall 1 T)ie?» -— »When the buttocks turn eold». Is saved from death by a whipping. Lithuanian (*1240A) 7; Serbocroatian 7. 1313C Dead A lan Speaks up. A numskull who lias lain down thinking' he is dead is carried off in a bier. The carriers lose their way. He speaks up, »I al­ ways went that way when I was alive.» [J2811.4]. Wesselski Hodscha Xasreddin I 21 Of. No. 49; Walloon 1; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Serbocroatian 5; India (131 3A III) 12. Cf. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 860. 1313A*

In the Open Grave.

( J 2 3 11] .

VS.

*W osse]ski

1314

A d r u n k m a n f a ll s in a n d t h i n k s h e is d e a d w h e n h e w a k e s u p . T y p e 1531.

Hodscha Xasreddin

N o s . 6,

10 , ‘1 9 , 1 2 1 .

F i n n i s h 7.

Man. Fools knock it in two. [J 1783.1], Finnish 9; Russian: Andrejev; Greek: Loukatos No. 9. 1315 The Big Tree Taken for a Snake. Killed with guns and spears. [J 1771.1]. Finnish 3; Danish 2: German: Mcc.kl. No. 101; Russian: Andrejev; India l. The Bultercask Taken for a Dead

131 5* 7

he Steamship 'Thought to he the Devil F in n ish -S w c d ish

1315** A

(1215**)

2;

['J 1 7 8 1 .1

S lo v en ia n

White Mare Thought to he a Church |J

\.

(train , b icy c le

/.

1701.7|.

Finnish-Swcdish (1815***) 2; Swedish 9 (l ppsala .7, Sinckhnhn 2. blind /. niisc. />;; Danish 1; Se rboc roa tia n /.

I3lj,\* The M ill '1 aken for a Church. T h e hud land win) h not a Yes!)) )>Then away with the plank!)) Gf. Type 1443*. *Ranke in Pcuckcrt Festschrift 45 n. 14; Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 293. — Spanish (*1355) 1. 1351A* Lost Tongue. When man reprov es wife for verbosity, she becomes silent. After two days, lie begins extensive search until wife asks »What arc you hunting for?» — »Your tongue.» Walloon 1 ; Hungarian: Borze Nagy (13 71*) 2. 135IB* Guilty to Speak First. Shopkeepers are arrested for quarreling. .Judge tells the one who was wrong to speak first. Both remain silent. Walloon 1. 1351C* Obstinate Wife Protestv when she thinks her husband is about to be castrated. Finnish 7.

1352 The Devil Guards the ICi/e's Chastity. A man leaving home commends bis

wife to the devil [C12.4]. The devil carries nffall loveis and guards her. He says that he had rather guard wild horses. (If. T\ pe I l(>l. ♦Wesselski Mdrehen 198; **W . 1). Paden JA IT lA'III , l‘)|.'.) 8>U.; Coffin 1. — Gd 7):iv. A m o u r n in g w idower is taken to a c abare t b\ his In

ids,

P.njoymg him-elf, lie concludes that it has been a good daw \ \ alloon 1559:;:j /. 1355 The Man l liddi u uudn the lied. 1355A l he Ij>ul Aiwee; >hi laud Jh lo;e. A husband returning home’ sui p] '','s • w o m a n and her p n ia m o u r and a numskull w h o has blundered in. Mr w o n n i i hides the* numskull in the bed and the paramour under it. Mi husband, who is leaving on a journev, lifts his hands to heaven and -ay >d com m en d you to the Lord a b o v e .» 'The numskull: » ( ionnnei : > An Whole World.* H idden sheplie asks, d i a i i \ on sc‘(‘ m \ lost calves ass'i.>» (K 127 1.4 ].

Lithuanian

*2905) A: H u n g arian : Beiv.e N ag v

1654-*) A; Indta

ptc

m

T h e Types of the Folktale

R)3

lTench-Clanadian. - - Literary \ reatment: Italian Novella: Rotunda i K 1532.3); Cent Xouvdlcs Xouvdlcs No. 12. 1355C 7 he Lord Above Will Provide. A youth and a maid mine under a tree. »\Vhn shall provide lor our child A) »He above ((4od) will (akr care l it.» The man in the tree: »I will do nothing of the kind!» | K 177 1.5 |. *BP 1 50; Wesselski llodscha Xasreddin 1 271. Finnish .'77/ 1mini.mi,m (2912*) 3; Rumanian: Schullerus '1654*) 1; Hungarian: Ber/.e Nay,)' (1655**) 2. 1355* (Obscene).

Livonian (1356*) 1. 1355A* Unfaithful Wife as Judge. A miller tells the husband about, his unfaithful wife and they find a lover with her. She plays the role of a judge and sentences all three men to be punished. Russian: Andrejev (*1355; 2. 1356* (Obscene.) Livonian (1356’; 7. 1357* Wife's Duty to Have Lovers. I ’he husband: »Kvery wife should have lovers, other­ wise' a husband has no respect for her.» The wife confesses. Russian: Andrejev .V. 1358 Trickster Surprises Adulteress and Lover. Of. Types 1535 III a, b, c, 1725. 1358A Hidden Paramour Buys Freedom from Discoverer. Naked and blackened he flees and is taken for the devil. [K443.1, K 1555.2, K. 1554.1]. ( - Type 1535 Til c, . nederlandsehe Philnlogencongres, 1910; Coffin 1; Chaucer’s »Miller’s Tale.» - - Livonian (136T) 1; Lithuanian 11: Swedish 6 (Stocklmlm 7. misc. 2) \ Danish 14; Irish 26; Dutch 1; German 1: Serbocroatian 2: Russian: Andrejev (1730 III*); Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boralav Xo. 355 2. - Engiish-American: Baugh­ man 1; Spanish-Ameriean: Rael Xo. 45 (U.S.); West Indies (Negro) 7. 1362 The Snow-Child. (Modus Liebine.) A sailor’s wife bears a son in his absence and says that it came from eating snow. Later the husband makes away with the b o y , who, he says, melted in the sun. [) 1532.1]. *BP IV 130; W.hristianscn Maul og Minne 1954) 48f.; Bedicr Fabliaux 460; Penzer Ocean Y 64; K. Breul The Cambridge Songs 1915) pp. Biff. Xo. 22. Xorwegian (1361**) 1; Danish I; Icelandic 3; French 1. ... Literarv Treatments: Pauli (ed. Bolte) Xo. 208: Italian Xovella: Ro­ tunda 'j 1532.1). 1362A * '1he 1 hm Months' Child, f l i c w i t h c a l c u l a t e s : h r is n i a r r i r d t h r e e m o n t h s . 1 f o r t h r r r a n d b o t h of us f o r t h r e e n i n e in a l l . | J 2 3 4 2 ] . Finnish

6;

Swiss: T o b l r r

171 ; R u m a n i a n ■: 13.50 \ *

A/ijicnzcUn

0 / / : ;1!M)2' 121: ( i r m n i i : M r r k m s No.

1; C r e e k ' 1 I h O g

/.

1361213:je M a r r y i n g M a n of F o r ty . A h u s b a n d o n his d< a l h l x d ad \ i> < s his w i t h to m a n s a o f f o r t y . S t i c p r e f e r s t w o o f i w r n t y e a c h . 11 al l r o n a s to tin* same. | J'7'7 1 2 . 1. I |.

man

R u m a n ia n

; 115 89* ) 2.

1363 7 ale oj (he Cradle. sleep

in a c o m m o n

T w o

I he

m o v in g ol

th at

the stran gers slee p

th e c ra d le

p ears fr e q u e n tly w ith

136 3

v o u lh s

room ,

w ith

th e

n ig h t

a cra d le

in t h e n i g h t

w ith

Type

pass

at

th e

w ith lo o t

a

n on iu ses th ose

tin* w i l e a n d

la in ib

1 o n e

u ln a e

; India 1. English-American: Baughman 2: Spanish-American: Rael No. Ao (U.S.). —■Literary Treatment: Italian Novella: Rotunda 'T255.2 ■. 1365B Cutting with the Knife or the Sei.s.wrs. At the end of die argument the ’nan throws his wife into the water. With her finger she maW-s the mot ">n of shearing with the scissors. [1235.1 ]. HalpertSFLQ VII (1943); FL L (1939) 73;JAFL XLYII 1934) dob; Kdhler-Bolte I 136; Taylor Washington Tniv. Studies \ \ J (1917) 181 n. .’8: Beclier Fabliaux 408: Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 593; Moe Samlede Skrijt“ 1 20914.; Coffin I. - - Finnish 1; Finnish-Swedish 2; Swedish 41 T- ld1' l'il 27, Stockholm 7, Lund 5, Liungman 2, misc. O'); Icelandic' 1; Irish: heal

Tin: Types of the Foiktalo

FFC: 184

•107

XI 150f. No. 45; English 2; French 1: Spanish 1: Dulch f: Flemish /; Italian (Tuscan 14050 L Sicilian 2); Rumanian 2; Slovenian .'7; SerboCroatian 2; Russian: Afancsiev 1; Greek: Loukatos No. 4b, /.aoi4410

Father-in-lau' and Daughter-in-law.

'.File youngest of the three d a u g h t e r , - i n law a n d goes to meet his a mo r o u s wish.

s i n g s a s o n g in f a v o r of h e r lather-in-law, R u s s i a n : A n d r e j e v ( * 1 4 4 2 ) 1. 1442*

1443*

Stupid Qiieen’s Unsuccessful Imitation of Magic

p e r fo r m e d by h u s b a n d 's m istress: (1) r e s u s c it a t io n . (2 ) q u e n c h i n g fir e , (3) s a i l i n g o n m a g i c b e d c o v e r . C f. T y p e 531. I c e l a n d i c 1.

The Pillow too High. w ith

p illo w

b etw een

A n u n m a rried m a n a n d w o m a n tra v elin g slee p o v e r n ig h t th em . N e x t d a y h er h a t b lo w s o f f a n d a fe n c e m u st be

424

Stith Thompson

FFC 1iM

c l i m b e d t o r e t r i e v e it. H o o f f e r s t o g o t it. » N o . y o u c o u l d n ’t c l i m b a f e n c e , for y o u c o u l d n ’t c l i m b o v e r a p i l l o w l a s t n i g h t . » C f . T y p o 1 3 5 1 * . * R a n k e i n Peuckert Festschrift 4 6 n . 15 ( G e r m a n y 1 9 5 4 ) . H o a r d b y m e in K e n t u c k y a b o u t 1 9 0 6 (told o f a lo c a l c h a r a c te r ). 1445*

Till the Front Sweats. T h e m o t h e r o r d e r s h e r d a u g h t e r t o k n e a d t h e d o u g h u n t i l the. f r o n t ( S l i m ) o f t h e o v e n s w e a t s . T h e g i r l ’s f o r e h e a d ( S l i r n ) . [ J 2 4 9 9 . 1 ] . E s t o n i a n 3.

1446

(formerly 1446*) Let them Eat Cake. T h e queen has been told that, the peasants have no bread. [J2227]. Bolte Monlamts 601 N o. 48. — Estonian (1446) 1; Germ an: Beng Der Hazellrog (1952) 124; ef. Russian: Afanasiev (*2065) 1; India 2 .

1147 Drinking only after a Bargain.

A w o m a n having thus sworn keeps buying an d selling the same m u le m a n y times a day. [K 2 36.2]. * Pauli (cd. Bolte) N o. 306; Scala Cell 81a N o. 463; *Grane 17/rr 255 N o . 277; Herbert I I I 2 4 . — Danish: Christensen D F X L V I I N o. 18; A rab : C a m p b ell Tales from the Arab Tribes (1949) 56.

1447*

The Dirty Woman. A f t e r t h r e e w a s h i n g s a n d t h e u s e o f th re e , p o u n d s o f s ou ]) s h e b e c o m e s c l e a n a n d f a i r . [ VV1 1 5 . 2 ] . L i v o n i a n ( 1 4 4 7 4 h G r e e k 1.

1 4 4 7 A * Selling Wine to Each Other. T h e m a r r i e d c o u p l e c l e v e r i n b u s i n e s s . S e l l e a c h o t h e r g r a d u a l l y t h e w i n e t h e y h a v e b o u g h t at t h e b a r g a i n . R u m a n i a n ( 1 4 3 3 * ) 1; S l o v e n i a n . 1448*

Burned and Underbaked Bread. W i s h i n g t o r id h e r s e l f o f h e r f a t h e r - i n - l a w , the d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w s t a r t s t o f e e d h i m b u r n e d b r e a d ; b u t t h e o l d m a n b e g i n s to t h r i v e o n it . W h e n s h e t r i e s u n d e r b a k e d b r e a d , t h e o l d m a n d i e s v e r y s o o n . L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 4 2 7 ) 2.

1449*

The Stingy Hostess at the Inn. S h e s h o u l d b e g l a d t o g i v e s o m e t h i n g t o e a t . b'U she h a s n o s p o o n s . A p r a c t i c a l j o k e r b r i n g s a l o n g t h e n e c e s s a r y s p o o n s . [J 1 5 n l . - l . l f L i v o n i a n ( 1 4 - 1 9 'j 1.

1449**

Stingy Dead Woman Raises her Head t o c o r r e c t l a u n d r e s s ' s a c c o u n t a t t e m p t s t o c h e a t d e a d w o m a n ’s d a u g h t e r . [ W 1 5 2 . 3 J . S p a n i s h ( * 1 4 8 2 / /. 1450— 1474 L o o k i n g

1450 Clever Elsie.

for

when

l.u i' )'

a Wife

T h e girl is to gel beer from the cellar. Falls into a sn u b a> t() w h a t her first child's n am e shall be. Likewise the girl's father and moihei. T h e suitor departs. [J2063]. Cf. Types 1384, 1387, 1430A. *BP I 335 (G rim m N o. 34); (Houston \oodles 191 ; Christensen Id ’ ^ 35; C offin 8, — Finnish 27; Finnish-Swedish 4 ; Estonian 6 ’; L i t h u a n i a n 4; Lappish 1; Swedish 19 (U ppsala (f Stockholm 2, L und 2, Liungman mi sc. 7); N orw egian 3; Danish: Grundtvig N o . 125: Irish 54; French 89. W a llo o n 1; G erm an Archive 3; Italian (Tuscan 1 )\ Rumanian /• H u n g a ria n 5, D cg li N o . 41 ; C zech: Tillc Soupis I 40 Iff. 7; Slovenian S erbocroatian 5; Russian: Andrejcv Ukraine II, Afanasiev 10; Greek ^ (M 5 0 * ) 4; Kretschm er No. 20; Turkish: Eberhard-B oratav No. 331 IE

The Types of the Folktale

FFC 18*1

4;

Jew ish : Bin Gorion Born Judas IY 55, 277; India /. FnStockholm 7, Goteborg 7, Lund 7, L iu n g m a n 7, misc. 6 ); N o r­ w egian 10. S olh eim 2; H u n garian 2: Scrbocroatian 7; Russian: Andrcjev. 1453A

The Fast Weaver. Finnish 19.

Girl keeps dropping shuttle on floor.

1453* T h e L a z y G irl doesn't K a o n a here the S p rin g Is [ \V 1 1 1 . 5 . 2 ] . Livonian 7 ; Lappish 7. 1453** T h e S h i n d y Fiancee (AVI 15.1]. F in n ish

4*; F i n n i s h - S w e d i s h 2;

S w ed ish (L u n d )

1;

C atalan : A m a d cs N o .

13 5.

1453*** T h ree-w eeks-o ld D o u g h .

T h e g ir l st il l a f t e r t h r e e w e e k s h a s d o u g h u n d e r h e r f i n g e r n a il s | H 3 8 3 . 1 . 1 ) . Cf. T y p e H 6 2 * . F i n n i s h 2: E s t o n i a n 13: L i t h u a n i a n (1-15 !*■ 5 ; S w e d i s h •/ / L u n d 2, S t o c k ­ h o l m 2): R u s s i a n : A n d r c j e v ( 1 4 5 3 * ) 7.

1453**** Purlin finkm.

(

3:

F in n is h -S w e d ish 7; E s to n ia n 1-159*' Sw edish (L ppsala: 7; H u n g a ria n : ber/.e N a g y (1479** /. •- S p n n i s h - A n n n c n n : H a n s e n ( * * 1 159 . * * 1 ■!(»()) 1 1 ) o m inican

R epublic;

7. ( C u b a )

1453A* T h e U n tid y B rid e. »I R u m a n ia n

I.

h a v e n ' t } >n t m y h a n d in . 1 1 5 9 * , 137-1 1 * . 4.

the pul

sh ie r m \ failin '

honghl it . >■

H54*

7 he Greedy Fiancee. T h e s u i t o r o n a v is i t . T h e p o r r i d g e . T h e g ir l l a v s a h o w l u| p o r r i d g e in t h e p l a c e o f t h e b a s k e t o f w o o l u n d e r t h e b e d . S a y s s h e e . m f i n i s h a \ o f t h e m in o n e d a y . T h e s u i t o r s e e s tin- d e r a i l a n d l e a v e s ( I F 5 o 5 | . F i n n i s h 3 : N o r w e g i a n ( 1 4 6 2 * ) l ; G e r m a n : S c l k V olkschw anke aus A n g ela p . 1 5 ; G reek: L oukatos N o. 21.

1455

The Hard-hearted Fiancee. T h e father-in-law disguised as a beggar. [H 3 8 4.1 ]. Finnish 77; Estonian 7; Lithuanian 7 ; Sw edish 7 (L iu n gm an L misc. 3); Iiish 251; Russian: Andrcjev.

S tith T h om p son

426

FFC; KM

1455* The S tin g y B ride. Her bridegroom comes to visit her and discovers her stinginess. Russian: Andrejev (1454).

1456 The Blind Fiancee. The search for the needle. The girl mistakes the dish for a cat. The blindness is thus discovered. [K 1984.5]. *BP III 237. — Finnish 65; Estonian 77; Lithuanian 6; Swedish 46 (Uppsala 28, Stockholm 5, Lund 3, Liungman 4, misc. 5); Norwegian 7/, Solheim 7; Danish: Gruncltvig No. 164; Irish 7; Dutch 1; German 5; Rumanian 1; Slovenian 2; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev.?; India 4. — English-American: Baughman 1; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 155. 1456* T h e B lin d G irl an d her Fiance. Her fiance leads her about the room and steals her property. Russian: Andrejev (*1480) 2.

1457 The Lisping Maiden. The suitor on a visit. The impediment in speech discovered. The girls have been warned against talking but forget and speak out. [K 1984.1]. (Sometimes other impediments or deformities.) *BP III 237; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. I ll 58, VII 320; Coffin 4. —-Finnish 57; Estonian 9; Livonian 2; Lithuanian 6'; Swedish 36 (Uppsala 75, Stock­ holm 6> Goteborg 7, Luncl 6', Liungman 2, misc. 6'); Norwegian 3; French 7; Catalan: Amades No. 2034; German 20 (Archive 7.9, Hcnssoti Volk No. 244); Italian (Tuscan [1453] 7, Trieste: Pinguentini No. 8): Hungarian 9; Serbocroatian 2; Russian: Andrejev 4; Greek: ArgcntiRose II 604f., Loukatos No. 22; Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 338: Japanese: Ikeda. —- Spanish-American: Rael No. 74 (U.S.), Hansen (Chile) 7, (Puerto Rico) 2. 1457* M a n w ith Slam m er Goes M a tch m a k in g and is advised not to speak at all. lie secs potatoes for a meal being left too long on the fire and blurts out many stammers. Match not made. Irish.

1458 The Girl who Ale so Little. The girl eats lightly and the mother declares this is always so. Next day the suitor secs her baking and discovcis that she can eat! [K 1984,2). (if. Types 1373, 1407. Lappish (1458*) 7; Swedish (Uppsala) 2; Norwegian (1458**1 9: Solheim 7; Irish 38, Beal IV 312f.; German: Merk. 48; Slovenian 2: Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 319. 1458* The B rid e Cooks Porridge fu ll o f Lum ps. The step-mother says, »Gund porridge f°i it lias many lumps in it.» The bride: »1 have already taken a stockinglul cun'Finnish 2; Estonian 7. 1459* The Suitor T a k es Offense at a W ord used by the girl. Lappish 7. 1459** K eepin g up Appearances. The suitor comes to a very poor farm where the p< cpk make desperate efforts to appear rich. |K1984]. Finnish .9; Norwegian 2; Swedish 4 (Stoekholm 3. Lund I). 1460* M u tu a l M ockeries o f G irl and Suitor. The girl laughs at his attempt to mount ln> horse. lie repays by spying on her attempt to beautify herself. Livonian (15499 1; Russian: Andrejev (*1460) 1.

FFC: 184

The

Types o f

thrayer to Christ Child's Mother. Sexton behind crucifix tells old maid she will have no husband. .She tells Christ child he knows nothing about it. She is praying to his mother. BP III 120. Scrbocroalian /. 1476B Girl Married to a Devil. Despairing of ever finding herself a husband, die old maid exclaims: »I would marry even the devil, were he to unary me.» The devil takes her at her word. [C1303.1 3.5.1]. Lithuanian: Balys No. 3253, Legends Nos. 3671T.: Serbocroatian 2 . 1476C Old Maid Asks for Death. A rascal steals into her bed at night. >4411 sweet death, keep killing me.» Finnish 27; Icelandic ('1541 1*) 1. 1477 The Wolf Steals the Old Maid. She keeps him for a husband [X755]. Finnish 20; Estonian 1; Russian: Andrejev; Greek 2; Turkish: Ebcrliard-Boratav No. 322 2. I 17 7 *

Old MailI 'Tells the W olf to Come to Bed. Hoys have brought the wolf into her Shr thinks it is a young man. Finnish 0.

ro o m -

F F C

T ito Types o f ih r Folktale

184

I "t

1478

The M eal o f Beans. One of the old maid’s three Finnish 2; Estonian G; Russian: Andrcjev.

teeth

breaks o f f | \7'H |.

1479*

The Youth Promises to M any the Old Maid if she will sit all night on the root. Sinfalls down. [X753J. Coffin 7. — Finnish 7; Estonian 2; Russian: Andivjcv. Amrii Rumanian 3; Hungarian: Berzc Nagy (1727A*) 3; Czech: Tille Soup*5 II (2) 287—296 17; Serbocroatian 20; Russian: Afanasiev 16; Greek 9,

FFC 184

The Types of the Fnllctule

111

(1525C* 5, 1525D* 4); Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav Kn. !MI (>; India •/. — English-American: Baughman 5; Npanish-Amrric.m: Il.msrn (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 7, (Dominican Republic) 1; (Kunin Kirn) /. 1525E The Thieves and their Pupil. They take turns in stealing' horn each other [K306]. In this way the pupil becomes the final winner | LM2.I |. *BP III 393 n. 1; *Gering Jslcndzk Aeventyri (llallo, 1882 83) II 2 1Off. — Lithuanian 4; Danish: Grundtvig No. I l l ; Icelandic 3; Italian 5 (Tuscan 15G3 a—c 3, Sicilian *1525E 2)\ Hungarian: Dcgli No. 43; J . Czech: Tille Soupis I 131; Russian: Andrcjev 4; Turkish: EberhardBoratav No. 343, 360, cf. 340 11. The Youth Steals Horses from two Preachers and money from the preacher’s wife. As gravedigger. In the sack in the river [K842]; cf. Types 1535, 1737. Kohlcr-Bolte 1 210, 348; Pauli (ed. Bolte) 82. — Finnish 6; Finnish^ Swedish 1; Estonian 1; French 6", Cosquin No. 81; Russian: Andrejev.

1525F

1525G The Thief Assumes Disguises [K311].

I. Theft as Task. To test his ability, the king, his parents, or the thief’s teacher sets him a task to steal some inaccessible object, etc. He succeeds in stealing it, Cf. 1525A I. II. The Cast-Out Qiieen. A king casts out his queen. When she bears a son, she rears him as a thief. By a series of clever thefts, he attracts the attention of the king and brings about a reconciliation between his parents. III. Entering the City. The thief succeeds in entering a heavily guarded city (even though the king has been warned of his approach). IV. Theft by Disguising. The thief (thieves) steals from and escapes from or entraps the king, the police chief, the adviser, etc., by assuming various disguises, usually female, (a) The thief disguises as Siva riding on a bull and offers to take the king, etc., to heaven. Cf. 1525A IV. (b) The thief disguises as the police chief’s son-in-law and steals the daughter’s jewel, (c) The thief disguises as an old woman grinding corn and gets the adviser to take his place, (d) The thief disguises as a fakir and gets the king to take his place. Slovenian; India 15. 1525H Thieves Steal from each other [K306]. India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 446. 1525HJ One Thief Steals Egg from Bird's Nest. Second steals it from first’s breast. *BP 111 393 n. 1. — Greek 2; Spanish American: Hansen (1525A I**d) (Argentina) 7, (Dominican Republic) 7. ^25H a The Stolen and Restolen Ham. Two thieves steal a ham from a former companion who has married, have it stolen back, and rcsteal it. (Cf. K341.7.1, K362.4). [K306.1]. 28

434

S tilli Thompson

1’1'T: 184

*Gering I siend.zk Acventyri (Halle, HU)3) II 21 Off.; *DeVries Tijdschrift voor Nedcrlandschc Taal- en Letlerknnde XLV 2131T. 1 5 2 5 H a 7 'wo Boys Steal Roast Pig from Grandparents by asking grandmother in her sleep where it is hidden. Grandfather recovers pig. First boy dresses in grandmother’s clothes and secures pig from grandfather. Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (1525**H) (Chile) 1. 1 5 2 5 H 4 The Youth in the Bee Hire. Thieves stealing a large beehive take it away and make a fire under it. Flee when they hear an earlier thief screaming in the hive. [K335.1.6.3]. Lithuanian (*1887) 4; Swiss: Jcgerlehncr 287 No. 60; French: Dclarue Arts ct Traditions Populaircs XI (1953) 39, 50; German: Henssen Uebcrlieferung und Personlichkeit (Munster, 1951) 131 No. 54; Scrbocroatian 3; Greek (1528*) 1; Chinese and Persian: Eberhard FFC CXX 354 No. 22. 1525J Thieves Cheated of their Booty. Trickster steals the goods. [K335.1]. Wesselski Hodscha A'asreddin II 211 No. 428, 215 No. 446; Missouri French: Garriere; Italian Novella: Rotunda (K335.1); India: Thompson-Balys. 1525Jj (formerly 1525D[c]) » Those Others Did it.» Rascal hits ox he has killed and cries out. The thieves flee leaving their treasure. [K335.1.3). Cf. Types 130, 1522, 1650, 1653, 1654**," 1875. Serbocroatian 20; India (K335.1.3). 1525J2 Thief Sent into Well by Trickster. A weeping boy tells a passing thief that he has lost a silver cup in a well. The thief lakes off his clothes and goes after the cup, intending to keep it. He finds nothing. When he comes up, his clothes have been stolen. [K345.2]. H d w b . d. Mairhons 1 346a n. 126; BP III 392f.; W icncrt Fl’C 1A'I 84 (F/F 502), 106 (ST 183); Creek (1525 ])*) 4; India 1. 1 5 2 5 K Ubiquitous beggar. In disguise obtains alms three times from the same person. [K1982]. Herbert Catalogue of Romances 111 282; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 210f. Cf. North American Indian: Thompson Tales 310 n. 117d. 1525L

Creditor Falsely Reported Insane when he Demands Money [K242J. *Wessel$ki Arlotto 11 225 No. 92, Connella 98 No. 2. - - Lithuanian 9, Spanish (*1848) 1. ----- Literary: Italian Novella: Rotunda. Mak and the Sheep. Stolen sheep dressed as baby in cradle, so that thid may escape detection. |K400.2j. **Whiting Speculum VII 552; IVilberg Ordbog II 370a s.v. ^lain^ IV 228a s.v. »hundehvalp»; *Baugh MPh XV 729; *Smyscr JAF»* XLV1I 378; *Slnmp JAFL XLVII ?>&)-, Southern Folklore Q u a r te t iy\U 5* a reinolv i: sea­ sickness. lie rails the eual »l>aby]on slones>>. [K ll.). 2 |. L i v o n i a n 7. 1533

The ILKe Carving o f the Food. A clever person divides it symbolical^ head to head of house, nec k to wife, wings to daughters, legs to som> keeps rest lbr himself. ((If. Tvpe 875 IJ e.j [H601]. *M> II 3G0; * Tnylor ]Al'l, XXXI ,i55: *Kohh'r-Bohr 1 42». -WK 11 645ff.; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 58. — Livonian (1533*) 7; Lithuania *1 (1580*) 4; Swedish 2 t Uppsala 7, misc. 7); Catalan: Amadcs No- a'^' Cerman: Peuckerl SchlrsisJic Mdrchcn No. 263; Hungarian; Bcrzc Nag' (15-12*) I; Russian: Afanasiev (*1580) 72; Greek: Hallgaricn PhmF (1929) 222; Jewish; Neuman (IT601): India 2 . - - Oceanic (Philipp‘S : Pansier MAFLS N il 63, 253. 351. —- Literary Treatments: Italia*1

F I'C

Thr Typrs en ■ . ]537**C **]) 'Cuba; [Dominican Republic; 7, 'Puerto Rh'V1 Ca]>e Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS X \’ 1) 78 n. 8: West bulu‘> : Negro) 3; American Indian: Thompson C Cull II 420ff. :F). Lit* y m ) Treatments: Monlaiglon-Eaynaud \' 115. 215, VI 117: Pauli ed. B"l(c No. 598; Bedier Fabliaux 1G9: Italian Novella: Rotunda fK2L‘>l j. 1537* Corpse's Lem Left. A soldier cuts otT the legs of a corpse. Latrr hi' get> ciU1! lodgings in a rich farmer's house, which he leaves secretly at night. 1he soldi*’! s confederate iiivuses (he farmer of murder and blackmails him. | K 2 1 .')2.2 . l.iihuanian (* 1.537Ai 2 ; Russian: Afanasiev (*1587 I] 1538 1 he Faith Cheated in Selling Oxen. Avenges himself. As carpenter a n d

FFC 184

T h e Types of tin.' 1‘ n lk la tr

!l 5

dor lor in the purchaser's house he j)unishes ihe lalirr [ 14 I82:5.1.3 [. Brings it about that the miller is hanged in his place [1484 I |. *BP 111 394 (5); Espinosa III 207.. 212; Coffin /. Finnish /V; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 3: Lithuanian 15; Norwegian 7, Solheim I; French 77; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 423, 2089; Italian V (Tuscan [1771], [1772], cf. |1619] 3. Sicilian 7, Gon/.ciihach No. 82); Hungarian 2; Scrbocroalian 2; Russian: Afanasiev 5; Greek /; 'Turkish: Lberlmrd-Boralav No. 360 III. English-American: Baughman // Spanish-American: Rael Nos. 356. 357 (U.S.i, Ha.nsen (Chile) 2, (Dominican Republic) 7. (Puerto Rico) 7. 1538* The Jester-In ide. A jester dresses himself in his sister's clothes and lives with a priest as a worker. Young men court tin* supposed girl. On the wedding night he ties a goat in his place and then demands indemnities for his ruined sister supposedly changed into a goal. Russian: Afanasiev (*1558 1 } 12.

Cleverness and Gullibility. The youth sells pseudo-magic objects and animals. 'The wolf is sold as a goat [K132J. The rabbit as letter carrier [K 131.1); the hat that »pays everything)) [K111.2]; the wand that re­ vives the dead [K113.4J. The leaching of languages or the self-cooking pot [K112.1]. The gold-dropping horse [K1 11.1). 'The youth has himself buried alive and stabs his enemy from out of the ground with a knife [K911.1]. (Sometimes: substitute in sack to go to heaven, or to marry the princess. See Types 1737 and 1535 V.) *BP II 10 (Grimm No. til); Delaruc in Perbosc 284 f.; Wesselski Hodscha .Xasreddin II 198 No. 391 (for the last incident). - - Finnish 253; Finnish-Swedish 17. ;4 539*) 7; Estonian 52: Livonian 1; Lithuan­ ian GO; Lappish 2: Swedish III (Uppsala 2. Lund 7, Liungman 5, mise. 10); Norwegian 9, Solhcim /; Danish: Grundtvig No. 108; Scottish 2; Irish 154; English /, :1539A) 7, (1539B) 2; Catalan: Amades Nos. 364, 407; Dutch II; Flemish 7. (1591*) 7. : 1592*) 7; German 29 (Archive 26. Hensscn Jfd. No. 458, Hcnssen Yolk No. 204, Merk. 181); Italian 77 (Tuscan 1539 a, c - i : cf. [1618] n 14: Spanish 7; Dutch 0: Flemish 8: WdDn 20 Archive PJ. Meekl. \ o . 107); A ieiria ic (Sicilian 2 , *15 11 2 )\ H ungarian 7; C/echSlovenian 0 : Russian: Afanasiev 8 ; Miirkish-

Tlu- Typos of dir Folktale

FFC: 184

■I r.

Ebcrhard-Boralav No1. 332 III. 333 III ; Lidia 9. - Lnglish-Amer'n an : Baughman 2; West Indies (Negro) 5; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 41 7f. A). Literary Treatments: Scrcambi .Ymrlle No. 33. 1541* changed to Type 1545. 1541**

The Student Betrays

the Shoemaker. Finnish-Swedish 7.

( i d s h i s s h o t' s w i t h o u t p a y i n g lo r t h e m .

'oTodayfor Money. lomorrow for Mtmey». Finnish-Swcdish 7. 1541**** changed to Type 154(>.

1541***

1542 The Clever Boy. Peik with his fooling-sticks. I. Deceptions as a Trade. Brother and sister live together but are poor and Peik goes out to make a living bv fooling people [K301]. See Tvpe 1525A. II. Animal Bargains. >a) He gels the king's horse by borrowing it to ride home for his fooling-slicks; see Type 1525B [14341.3.1]; (b) he sells the king a wolf to guard the fowls [144 33.1] and a bear to guard the eows [14133.21. Cf. t y p e 1539. III. Pseudo-Magic Objects. The king is fooled into buying a self-cooking kettle and the staff it hangs on. Cf. Type 1539. [14112.1]. IV. Sham Murder. The. boy feigns killing and resuscitating his sister with a magic pipe [14113]; the king tries it with fatal results [J2401J. Cf. Type 1535 IV b. V. Companion to the Ptincess. Peik in his sister's clothing is taken to the palaee as companion to the princess. A prince comes as a suitor to Peik. who escapes. The princess is with child. 114132 LI ]. VI. Substitute Receives Punishment, (a) Peik is caught, put in a cask, and exchanges place with a shepherd [14942]; cf. Types 1535 V a. 1737: >:b') Peik is to be hanged but changes with a miller [14341]; cf. Type 1533. (c) 'Flic king forgives Peik and takes him as son-in-law [Llbl]. Adapted from Christiansen .Ynrske Ifculyr. Swedish IS (Uppsala 7, Lund 2. Liungman 1. misc. 9); Norwegian (1.542**) 7.7, Solheim 7/ Icelandic 3; Irish 127: Walloon I: Herman I; Serbocroatian 3: Russian: Andrejev; 'Turkish: Lberhnrd-Boralav No. 3f>4 2: American Indian: Thompson C Colt II 419ff. 1542A R\ turn for 'Duds. Trickster pretends to ride home for tools to perform his tricks; steals horse. >'4 54-2 l l n alone.) [14341.3.1 |. Lsionian (1525*) 6: Lithuanian *1532); Rumanian (1332*). 1542* Stulnr Substitute. 'The sailor takes the lover's place will) a girl. Linnish-Sw edish /. 1542** {formerly 1:51T:> 7 fie Maiden's Honor. The mother tells the girl to guard her honor. 4 lie tailor promises to sew up her »Hoimr». (KlToSJ. kinnish 7; Lsionian (1.5 IT’ • I; flemish 6 ; Livonian I: .Russian: Andrejev. Cf. Rotunda Novella [ 14 LULL 1 ]. 1542B* 7 rouble-maker in Right-lodgings. Comes riding a wolf and asks for hospitality.

446

Stith T hom pson

FFC 184

Wolf kills sheep; beehive in bed; bees sting familv and cause lather to kill son.

[K2138].

Lithuanian (*1878) 7.

1543 (formerly 1543*) Xot One Penny Less. Eavesdropping sexton duped into giving suppliant money. The trickster prays to the Virgin for a certain sum of money and not one penny less and promises repayment of double at the end of the month. The sexton throws the money to him, but never receives it back. [J 1473.1, K4G4]. *Wcsselski Hodscha Xasrvddin I 220ff. No. 54; BP I 67. — Flemish (1543*) 3; Hungarian (1728*) 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 422f. 3; Russian: Andrcjev (*1609); Greek (1587*) 7. — Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (**1618) (Puerto Rico) 7. 1543* The Man Without a Member: foolish wife gives her husband money to buy himself one. [J 1919.8]. Finnish 3; Eslonian G; Livonian 1: Flemish 3; Lithuanian (*2911) 4; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 422f.' 1543A* A Combing-machinc. A worker buys a combing-machinc for a girl. She becomes pregnant. They drive the worker away, but the girl still wants his combingmachinc. Russian: Andrcjev (1543*) 1. 1543B* Xo Invitation Xeeded. The rascal acts as if he did not understand hints of the peasant and eats the dinner without invitation. Of. Type 1544. Russian: Andrejev (1570B*) 2. 1543G* The Clever Doctor. The patient: »1 have a bad memory, no sense of smell, and never tell the truth to anyone». The doctor cures him by putting dung into his mouth. Lithuanian (*1543) 2. 1543D* Stone as Witness. A fanner will not pay his servant the wages due. Closing his bargain with the servant he had said: »Mav this stone be witness.» Ju d g e orders the stone brought to court. The farmer: »()h, but the stone is too big (or very far away)». Lithuanian (*1549) 4.

1544 The Man who .Got a .S ight's Lodging. The rascal feigns deafness and cats the best food. He accepts the hospitality before it is offered [K 1981.1]* He takes the man’s horse out of the stable and puts liis own in. He is t° pay for his lodging with a goat skin; he takes one of the man’s own goats [K258]. At table they put poor food before him but he continues to the best. At night lie manages to sleep with the wife or daughter. When the woman puts out food for her husband in the night he gets it himself He makes the women believe that the man knows all about them aIU they confess [K1572]. The man becomes angry and is going to kill th< rascal’s horse; he kills his own instead [K942]. *Aarne FFC XX 79 (No. 24). — Finnish (1570*) 2; Estonian (1370 ; 3; Swedish 2 (Goteborg 7, inisc. 7); Norwegian (1544**) 9; Scottish o> Irish 757, Beal XV 237f. No, 2, XVII 75; Spanish 7; Serbocroatian 3; Russian: Andrejev (1570*A); Turkish: Ebcrhard-Boratav No. 356 ; India 3. — West Indies (Negro) 7.

FFC 1H4

The Types of the Folktale

1544* c h a n g e d to T y p e

•1-17

1545B.

1 5 4 4 A * A Soldier's Riddle. A f t e r h a v i n g a s k e d t o s t a y o v e r t h e n i g h t w i t h a n o l d w o m a n , a s o l d i e r n o t i c e s a r o a s t e d c o c k in t h e o v e n a n d p l a c e s it in h is h a g . F n i m i n i ' c o n v e r s a tio n w ith old w o m a n . F i n n i s h 7 ; R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v ( * 1 5 4 5 ) (i.

(formerly 1541*. 1732*) The Boy with Many A antes. B y use of manv fanciful names he cheats and seduces. [K602J. *Liunginan SSF III 370, 450, (1541*). — Finnish G; Finnish-Swrdish 3; Estonian (1732*) 5; Swedish 9; Norwegian (1732) G; Irish G; Spanish (1940*B) 2; Flemish 2, cf. 1541*; Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1566*) 7; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 12Iff. 4: Scrbocroatian 1; Russian (*1701) 7. — Franco-Arnerican (Canadian) 5; Spanish-American: Hansen (1940**13) (Chile) 7. 1545A L earning to Sleep in Bed. A man gets lodging in a beautiful woman’s house. He pretends not to know how to sleep in bed ; she must go with him. Creek (1544**) 7, Hahn No. 44, Kretschmer No. 65; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 199 7; Arab: Campbell Tales from the Arab Tribes (1949) p. 43. 1545B (formerly 1544*) The Boy who Knew Nothing of Women. Cautious farmer seeks laborer who knows nothing about sex. 'Trickster makes silly ex­ planation of copulation of animals. When admitted into service, seduces both farmer’s wife ancl daughter. [K 1327]Finnish 7; Estonian 5; Lithuanian (*2907) 5: Swedish 5 (Stockholm 2, misc. 3); Flemish 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 395f. 7; Russian: Andrejcv (1544A*) 7, (cf. 1544B*) 7. — Spanish American: Hansen (**1564) (Dominican Republic) 7.

1545

1545*

Keeping I D / r w in Bed. T h e g i r l h a s l e a r n e d f r o m t h e y o u t h . O f f e r s t o g e t h e r c h i l l e d la th er w a r m . L i v o n i a n 7.

1 5 4 5 A * It's a Man. A m a n e n t e r s a g i r l ' s r o o m d i s g u i s e d a s a w o m a n . S h e c r i e s o u t in a l a r m . » I t ' s a m a n ! » H e r b l i n d f a t h e r t h i n k s t h a t s o m e o n e is a n n o u n c i n g t h e birth o f a m a le c h ild . I t a l i a n ( S i c i l i a n * 1 5 4 5 2).

1546 (formerly 1541****) The Lump of Gold. A man asks a goldsmith what he would pay for a lump of gold of a certain size. In the belief that the man has found such a lump of gold the goldsmith pays him a large sum. [K261, K461.2.1]. *Wessclski Bebel I 230 No. 141. — Finnish-Swcdish 3; French 7; Flemish 1. —- French-Canadian 7/ Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (1540**D, Argentina) 7, (1550**F, Cuba, Puerto Rico) 2,(1550**G, Cuba) 7, Rael Nos. 447, 448 (U.S.). l 54G* ( O b s c e n e - . ) L iv o n ia n l5 l/*

he

1.

7 Iricksta with Painted Member. T h e f a t h e r w a n t s h i s d a u g h t e r ' s c h i l d t o b e a b ish o p . [K 1 3 9 8 ], L iv o n ia n 7; L ith u a n ia n (* 2 9 1 4 ).

4*18

Stitli Thompson

FFC 1;1

1548

The Soup-slone needs only the addition of a few vegetable:; and a bit of meat [K 112.2]. *Prato RTF IV 168. Lithuanian 2; Swedish 10 (Uppsala 7, Stock­ holm 7, misc. 5); Norwegian: Solhcim 1; French 2; Slovenian 2; SerboCroatian 1; Russian: Afanasiev 8. English-Anierican: Baughman 4.

15*18*

The Gift of the Tool. O f t h r e e b r o t h e r s t h e s h o e m a k e r m a k e s s h o e s f o r t h e q u e e n a n d t h e p r i n c e s s ; t h e t a i l o r , c l o t h e s ; t h e f o o l —- c h i l d r e n . [ J 1 2 7 2 ] . L i v o n i a n 1; L i t h u a n i a n ( * 6 5 4 A ) 2.

1549*

(O b sc e n e .) L i v o n ia n /.

1550*

The Soldier and the Alerchanl. A s o l d i e r f u r n i s h e d w i t h a r o o m a t t h e m e r c h a n t ’s h o u s e is a b u s e d a n d r i d i c u l e d . T h e s o l d i e r i n f o r m s t h e t s a r , a n d t h e n m a r r i e s th e m e r ch a n t's d a u g h ter. R u s s i a n : A n d r e j e v ( 1 5 5 0 ) 1.

1551

The Wager that Sheep are Hogs. A trickster wagers with a sheep driver that the: sheep he is driving are hogs. The next man to overtake them will act as umpire. The trickster’s confederate now arrives and declares that they arc hogs. [K.45L2]. *Glouston Tales II 27; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 632; ** Camara Cascudo »Tradicion de un Cuenlo Brasileno» (Separata de Archivos Venezelanos de Folklore I (1952) No. 2; *Fcnzer V 104; *Wesselski Hodscha .Nasrcddin II 213 No. 437. - Catalan: Amades No. 423; Dutch 1; German 2 (Archive 7, I-Iensscnji.il. No. 458); Italian (Tuscan [1771] 7); Serbocroatian 7; India 4. — Franco-American (Missouri French): Garricrc; EnglishAmerican: Baughman 7; Spanish-Amcrican: Rael No. 360 (U.S.); Portuguese-Amcrican (Brazil): Camara Cascudo p. 25. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin II 96 No. 51, VII 150 No. 430; Oestcrley Testa Romamrum No. 132; Crane I'itry 141 No. 20; Hazlitt Shakespeare Jestbooks II 176; Bodker Fxemplcr 295 No. 56.

1551*

How Much the T.w Cost.

A s t h e f o o l b r i n g s t h e n e w a s s h o m e e v e r y o n e w . m t s to k n o w h o w m u c h it c o s t . M e h a s a ll p u b l i c l y a s s e m b l e a n d a n n o u n c e s ju st w h . U it c o s t , [ j 16 0 1 | . S p a n i s h ( 1 5 5 0 C * ) 7, E s p i n o s a N o . 5 4 . S p a n i s h - A m c r i c a n : H a n s e n ' Puerto R i c o ) 1.

1552*

The Hare at Third Remove. A m a n r e c e i v e s a p r e s e n t o f a h a r e . L a t e r a c ro w d c o m e s to h i m for e n t e r t a i n m e n t s a y in g th a t th e y are frien d s o f th e m a n who p r e s e n t e d t h e hare*. T h i s h a p p e n s a s e c o n d t i m e . H e s e r v e s t h e m c l e a r w a t e r » I t is t h e s o u p f r o m t h e s o u p o f ( l i e h a r e . » [ J 1 5 5 1 . 6 ] . W c s s e l s k i Hodscha A I 2 3 4 N o . 9 7 ; W a l l o o n ( 1 7 8 1 * ) 7.

1553

'(wreddin An Ox for Fire Pennies. A woman who has been left the ox on condition that she give the proceeds to the poor offers it for five pennies, bid d must be bought along with a cock at. twelve florins. She gives the Hvr pennies to the poor and keeps the twelve florins. [K182]. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 462: *Wcsselski Hodscha ..Xasrcddm II 188 N°* 370. — Lithuanian (*2449) 1; French 8; German: Mcrkens II lba NT 196; Slovenian; India (Thompson-Balvs K 182.1) 7; Arabic: RTF 158.

Tin* Types o f the Folktale

FFC 184

449

1553A* The Sailor's Promise. A sailor makes elaborate promises to the saints while in danger; will sav no more about them when at home. [IsL23!.qi

Walloon L

1553B* Pleasing the Captain. Ship's captain agrees to let Galician ride fret* ifhr ran sing a song which pleases the captain. K< sings that he should pay captain. 'This pleases captain and Galician rides free. Spanish (*1546) 1. 1553C* The Chapter. A man, desiring a benefice from the church, finds each monk charming in private but cannot stand them as a group. He i nvites them to a meal of fine foods rcvoltingly mixed in one dish. [Cf. J01]. Walloon (1554*) /.

1555 Milk in the Cask. Order to put a small vessel of milk into huge container.

Of a small shrewd group each by himself pours water thinking this will not be detected if the others pour milk. [K231.6.1.1]. (Sometimes told of wine.) Catalan: Amades No. 320; Walloon (*1557) 1; India 1; cf. Pauli (eel. Bolte) No. 644. 1555A Paying for Bread with Beer. A man orders a bottle of beer, then returns it and takes a loaf of bread instead. He refuses to pay for the bread be­ cause he has returned the beer undrunk. He refuses to pay for the beer because he has not drunk it. [K233.4]. U.S.: Baughman (K233.4); French Canadian; Walloon (*1385A) 1. 1555B The Rum and ) I 'ater Trade. A trickster fills his gallon jug half full of water, then has it filled with rum at liquor shop. When the seller refuses credit, he pours back half of the liquid —- now half rum and half water. (Some­ times the trickster repeats the operation, getting richer mixture with each transaction.) [K231.6.2.2). U.S.: Baughman (K231.6.2.2); Serbocrontian 7. 1556 7 he Double Pension (Burial Money). A husband and wife are jointly under a pension from the king. She reports her husband dead and gets the whole pension. He likewise reports her dead and gets the whole money. [K441.1]. (Sometimes concerned with money for the burial.) [K482.1]. *Chauvin V 274 No. 155 n. 1. Scotland 4; Hungarian: Bcrze Nagy (1614*) 1; India 1; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 154. — African (Somali): Rcinisch Somali-Sprache No. 48. 1557 Box on the Fxn Returned. At tabic each gives his neighbor a box on the ears. The soldier is to give it to the king, but he returns it to the courtier from whom he lias received it. [K237(>|. Anderson FFC XLII 360; Hdwb. d. Marchens II 234. — Finnish; Lithuanian: Balys (*924B) 5; Swedish (GS 1543) 35 (Uppsala 2, Stock­ holm 29, misc. 3)\ Catalan: Amades No. 1385; Wend: Schulenberg Wendische Volksium 8; Russian: Andrcjcv (1637*) A 1558 Welcome to the Clothes. A man at a banquet is neglected because of his poor clothes. He changes clothes, returns, and is honored. »Fccd my clothes,» he says, »for it is they that are welcomed.» [ J 1561.3]. 29

450

S tith Thompson

FFC 184

*Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 416; Wesselski Hodscha Xasreddin I 222 No. 55; *Prato RTP IV 167. — Italian (Sicilian *1564 2, Gonzenbach No. 37); Hungarian: Bcrze Nagy (1349 XXXII*) 7; India 5. — Literary Treat­ ments : Rotundai' Novella-(J 1561.3). 1559A* Deceptive Wager: Human or Animal Hunger. Wager: whose hunger is it more difficult to appease — that of man or that of beast? When nuts are strewn before master’s well-fed guests, thev snatch and cat them. Herdsman wins wager. [N73]. Cf. Type 1621 A*. Lithuanian (1545*) 1. 1559B* The Uglier Foot. A traveling man comes to a house and gets meal; talks, shows his foot to the owner and lays a wager that there is a foot uglier than it in the house; owner wagers that there is not. Traveler then lays bare his other foot, which is much uglier than the first. Wins. Irish. 1559C* Some Things Not for Sale. Man enters a huge shop where everything is said to be available. He bets with the owner that there are some things he cannot supply. The bet is accepted; the man then asks for six pairs of spectacles for his geese, a saddle for a frog, three sailfuls of wind to drive his sailing boat home, etc. etc. Wins the bet.

Irish. 1 5 6 0 Make-believe Eating; Make-believe Work. At the table the peasant says, »We will only act as if we were eating.» At work the servant: »We will only act as if we were working.» [J1511.1]. Coffin 2. — Finnish 16; Finnish-Swedish 5; Estonian 9; Livonian 1; Swedish 2 (Stockholm 7, misc. 1); Norwegian 2; French 4; German 3; vSlovenian 6; Serbocroatian 1; Russian: Andrejev. — Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) 1. 1560* The Youth Eats up the Stingy Peasant’s Butter. He says that he is getting from Ins naster »that which was promised him.» Finnish; Finnish-Swedish 3; Swedish

10 (Uppsala 8,

Stockholm

2).

1560** The Peasant and his Servant Driven by Rain into the llay Barn. To the peasants question as to whether it is still raining the boy always answers in the affirmative* though the weather has really cleared. [W 111.2.7]. Finnish 2; Finnish-Swedish (1561*) 2. 1 561

1561*

The Lazy Boy Eats Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper One after the Other without working. Then he lies down to sleep. [YV111.2.6]. Coffin 1. - - Finnish 8; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 9; Lithuanian G Swedish 5 (Uppsala 3, Lund 7, misc. 7); Irish 20; English 7; D utch Flemish 3; Walloon (1561 A) 7; Rumanian 2; Hungarian 7; Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 7; Russian: Andrejev 2, (*1561 I) 7, Andrejev Ukrairu 77. — English-American: Baughman 2. The Boy »Loscs his Sight». No butter on the bread. [ J 1561.4. 2]. . 7 Finnish-Swedish (1561**) 2; Swedish 24 (Uppsala 18, Stockholm 7, Lunc

misc. 7). 1561** Servant Gives all Heavy Work to Others; takes largest portions at dinn*1[J 1561.4]. Finnish 84; Finnish-Swedish (1561***) 4; Spanish: Espinosa Cuenios 130— 140; Serbocroatian 2.

FFC 184

The Types o f the Folktale

451

1562 » Think Thrice before you Speak.» The youth obeys literally the precept

even when he sees the master’s coat on fire. [J2516.1, cf. J.r>71.1'|. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 387; Chauvin V III 170 No/ 187. ... Finnish 4; Finnish-Swcdish 7; Swedish 3 (Stockholm 2, Lund 7); Irish 7; English 7/ Flemish 7; India 7. 1562A The Barn is Burning. The master has taught the servant to give peculiar

names to everything. When the cat sets the barn afire the servant uses those extraordinary names and is so delayed that the fire is out of control. [J 1269.12]. Gf. Type 1940. *Zs. f. Vksk. XXVI 8, 370, XXVII 135, XXVIII 135; *Jackscm FL XLVII 190—202, 280 (English 12, Scottish 2, Irish 5, Welsh 4, U.S.A. 2), Baughman (same references); Espinosa II 260—264. — Gf. Lithuan­ ian (*2421) 3; Spanish (1940A*) 7; Catalan: Amades No. 1323; Italian (Tuscan [1736] 2, Sicilian *1699 3); Czech: Tille Soupis 448f. 5; Rus­ sian: Andrejev (1940) 6. — Spanish-American: Hansen (1940*A) (Chile) 7, (Dominican Republic) 7, (Cuba) 7, (Puerto Rico) 7; American Negro (Michigan): *Dorson No. 42. — Literary Treatments: Nouvelles Re­ creations No. 21. 1562B Wife Follows Written Instructions. She is to follow instructions which the

husband has written down on a card. He falls into a brook and is about to drown. She goes home to see what his instructions on this point are. [J2516.3.1]. *BP III 151; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 139; Christensen DF XLVII 226 No. 92. 1562A* Deceptive Bargain: Fasting Together. The servant girl eats secretly; the miser starves. [ K 177]. Danish: Kristcnsen

Jyske Folkeminder VII No. 30. — Lithuanian (’HSGBA) 4. 1562B* Dog's Bread Stolen. The miserly master and the clever workman. A master gives a workman one loaf of bread per day with which to feed the dog. So that he himself may be full and the loaf still appear to be whole, the worker takes the soft part out of the loaf. Russian: Afanasiev (*1567 I) 3.

15620* Miser Eats at Night.

An old man gives his daughters-in-law nothing to eat, but he eats at night. 'They complain to their father, who comes, discovers the trickery of the old man and breaks him of his miserliness. Russian: Afanasiev' (*1567 II) 7.

156214* The Boy Goes to Sleep on his Job but the master docs not. dare punish him. Spanish (1019*) 3. 15C2E* Why doesn't Sen■ ant Boy Fat the Herring? — »I have sent it to bring the butter.» Finnish 10; Swedish (1561****) 8 (Stockholm 1. Uppsala 7).

1562F* Boy Puts both Hands into the Soup Bowl trying to get the only pea. (Or manages to get more peas in the soup.) Finnish 24; Swedish (1561***) 15 (Stockholm 7, Uppsala 14). 1562G* Strange Names. An old woman and her son, staying overnight call themselves by strange names. Misunderstandings occur at night. Cf. Types 1461,1545. Russian: Andrejev (*1530 1) 2.

452

Stith Thompson

m : 184

1563 »Both?» asks the boy sent i.o get two articles. »Yes. I said both.» He has his will of the master’s (ogre’s) two daughters. [K 1354.1, cf. K1354.2.1]. Kohler-Boltc 1 150, 291; Boltc Montanas Garlcngcsellschafl 611 No. 73: Coffin 5. — Finnish 41; Finnish-Swcdish 5; Estonian 5; Lithuanian P7; Swedish 2 (Stockholm 7, misc. 7); Norwegian 2; Icelandic 4; Irish 11; French 3; Dutch 2; Walloon 7; German: Hensscn Volk No. 199; Hun­ garian 1; Serbocroatian 4; Russian: Andrejcv. — English-Ameriean: Baughman 1; Spanish-American: Hansen (Chile) 7, (Puerto Rico) 2; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons A1AFLS XV (1) 115; American Indian: Thompson C Coll II 420ff. — Literary Treatments: Chauvin VI 180 No. 342. 1563* Sham Threat: either. . . or. »Eithervou give the road or I (will give it to you, or the like).» [K 1771.2|. *Wessrlski Hodscha JVasreddin II 2 Iff. No. 450. — Finnish 1; Lithuanian (*1564) 3. 1564* The Clever Granary Watcher. He steals his master's grain. The wagon falls into a ditch. As the master by chance comes to the place the watcher explains that the grain is his own. The master thereupon orders the other servants to help the watcher. [K405.1]. Estonian 7. 1564** The same. He says that he is bringing some of his grain to the master, w h e r e ­ upon the master rightly grows suspicious. [K439.2]. Estonian (1565*) 3. 1564A* The Crooked Handle. Servant says he is skilled in using the crooked handle. But he means not the scythe but the spoon.

Finnish 12. 1565 Agreement Not to Scratch. In talking, the trickster makes gestures and scratches without detection. [K263]. *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 310 n. 2. — German: Knoop Sagen und KrZdhlungen aus der Provinz Posen (Posen, 1893) 216 No. 11; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 321 7; India 7; Chinese: Ebcrhard FFC GXX p. 310 No. 10; Korean: Exkart Koreanische Marchen (1929) 74 No. 23. - l i e n eh Canadian (K263); Spanish-American: Racl No. 66 (U.S.); North Carolina: Brown Collection I 701; American Negro (Georgia): Harris JVights 214 No. 37, (South Carolina): Parsons JAFL XXXVIII 218: Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 36 No. 29; West Indies: Flowers 502. — African: Bleck Reinckc Fuchs in Africa (1870) 143. 1565* The Big Cake. During Lent the peasants are not to eat more than a single cake. They make one as big as a cart wheel. [K2311]. (Or they go to sea on Iriday so as to eat flesh without sin.) Flemish (1564*) 1; Serbocroatian 7. 1565** Turnips as Bacon. The peasant compels his servant to call turnips, bacon. I hr circumstances favoring, the servant compels the master to call a eat a r a b b i [ K 1511.2]. Finnish (herring, salmon); Flemish (1565*) 2. 1565A* The Saints Encouraging Smile, Praying at a saint's image, a peasant steals a r0,n from the altar. Since lie believes the image is smiling he steals another. Walloon (*1565) 7.

Tlic Type* of the Folktale

FFC! 184

T>8

1 5 6 6 * c h a n g e d to T y p e 15G 7A .

1 5 0 6 **

Butter ('.v*. Bread. The' peasant weighs tin* butler which lie is selling, l the baker against the bread which he has bought from him |K178|.

1566A*

'Flemish (15)66*) 1. Maids must Rise even Earlier.

T h e y h a v e killed the cock lor waking- (hem loo e a rly , b u t th eir m istress p u n i s h e s th e m . | K 1 6 3 6 | .

W icn ert F F C L Y I

64 ( K T 2 7 9),

116 ( S T 2 6 2 ) ; I l a l m

Aesop No. 10.

Russian: A n d rcjcv ( * 1 5 6 6 I ) 1. 1567

Hungry Servant Reproaches Stingy Master. Gf. T y p e 1 3 8 9 * . Stingy Innkeeper Cured of Serving Weak Beer.

1567A ( f o r m e r l y 1 5 6 6 * )

S h e alw a y s g i v e s t h e s e r v a n t s a p i t c h e r o f w e a k b e e r b e f o r e m e a l s so as t o fi ll t h e m u p . O n e o f t h e m : » I w a s h o u t m y i n s i d e s s o a s t o h a v e m o r e r o o m for fo o d .» S h e c h a n g e s h e r p r a c tic e. [ J 1 3 4 1 .7 ]. F i n n i s h ; E s t o n i a n 3 ; cf. L i v o n i a n / .

1567B ( f o r m e r l y 1 5 6 7 * * ) bread-cru sts

to

his

Softening Bread-crusts. servants.

»The

cru sts

A n a v a r ic io u s m a s te r feed s are a lr e a d y g e ttin g soft.»

[J 134 1 .1 ]. E s t o n i a n 3.

1567C Asking the Large Fish.

P arents serve b o y a sm a ll fish a n d keep b a c k a l a r g e o n e for t h e m s e l v e s . K n o w i n g t h i s , t h e b o v p u t s t h e f i s h t o h i s c a r . H e says t h a t h e h a s a sk ed th e fish a q u e s t io n ; th e fish c a n n o t a n s w e r b u t te ll s h i m t o a sk t h e l a r g e f i s h u n d e r t h e b e d . [ J 1 3 4 1 . 2 ] . * \ V e s s e l s k i Hodscha .Yasrcddin I 2 4 7 N o . 1 5 8 ; * P a u l i ( e d . B o l t c ) N o . 7 0 0 ; L . S c h m i d t O e s t e r r . Z s. f. V k s k . 1 9 5 4 , 1 3 4 . — F i n n i s h 4 ; L i t h u a n i a n ( * 1 5 6 5 ) 2 ; I t a l i a n N o v e l l a : R o t u n d a (J 1 3 4 1 . 3 ) .

Two Eggs. W i d o w se r v e s t a i l o r o n e e g g . H e s i n g s , » O n e e g g , o n e e g g . » S h e d e c i d e s o n e e g g is n o t e n o u g h a n d s e r v e s h i m t w o n e x t t i m e . H e t h e n s i n g s » ! \ v o e g g s a r e t w o e g g s . » t i e is n e x t g i v e n t w o e g g s a n d a s a u s a g e , e t c . [J 1 3 4 1 . 4 ]. ' S p a n i s h ( * 1 7 1 5 ) 1.

1567D

Hungry Apprentice's Lies Attract Master's Attention. [J 1 3 4 1 . 5 ] . S p a n i s h ( * 1 7 1 8 ) I. 1567F Hungry Shepherd Attracts Attention. H e t e ll s o f a c o w w i t h f o u r

1567E

tea ts w h o

b o r e f i v e c a l v e s . T h e y a sk w h a t t h e f i f t h c a l f d o e s w h i l e t h e o t h e r f o u r a r e n u r s i n g . » I t j u s t l o o k s o n as I a m d o i n g n o w . » f j 1 3 4 1 . 6 ] . S p a n i s h ( 1 5 5 5 ) 1; F r e n c h : D e l a r u e in Bulletin FoUdoriquc dTle-deX I I ( 1 9 5 0 ) 1 3 0 f . ; G e r m a n : M e y e r Plattdeutschc Volksmdrchen N o . 19 8 . — S p a n i s h A m e r i c a n ( U . S . ) : R a e l N o s . 4 2 0 , 4 2 1 .

France

1567G Good Food Changes Song.

H ired m e n sin g o f d isp leasu re w ith f o o d ; c h a n g e s o n g w h e n f o o d is i m p r o v e d ( c a n t e f a b l e ) [J 1 3 4 1 . 1 1 ] . F i n n i s h 5 ; E n g l a n d : B a u g h m a n 3 ; U . S . : B a u g h m a n 6.

15G7**'

Boys Give the Herring .Matches for Beet, a n d m a k e T h e r e a ft e r t h e y g e t b u tte r w ith th eir b r e a d . F i n n i s h 1; S c r b o c r o a t i a n / .

a dummy

b u tter-m erch ant.

454

Sn’ ih T h o m p so n

1 T (: ir.4

1 5 6 7 * * c h a n g e d t o T y p e 1 5 (4 7 B. 1 5 6 7 * * * c h a n g e d t o T y p e 1 5 7 1C. 1568*

The Master and the Servant at the Table. T h e m a s t e r t u r n s t h e p l a t e a r o u n d . » T h i s p l a t e c o s t s t h r e e m a r k s , » T h e s e r v a n t t u r n s it. b a c k : » I n d e e d , it is w o r t h th a t m u c h . » [ J 1 5 6 2 . l'J. * W e s s c l s k i Arloito I I N o . 8 0 . — F i n n i s h 3; E s t o n i a n 7; L i v o n i a n 1; L i t h u a n i a n 2; G e r m a n : M e y e r Plattdeutschc Volksmarchen N o . 8 8 ; G y p s y : K r a u s s 7,igvunerhumor 1 4 0 ; S l o v e n i a n 1. — - S p a n i s h - A m c r i c a n : H a n s e n ( * * 1 5 6 8 A B ) ( C u b a 2. The Master and the Pupil Quarrel.

1568**

asu n d er.)) F in n ish 194.

2;

G erm an: M over

» \ V h a t G o d h a s jo in e d to g e th e r let n o m a n pu t

Plattdentsche. Volksmarchen

(N e u m u n s te r , 1025) No.

1 5 6 8 * * * The Rich Son-in-law. T h e b u r g o m a s t e r w i l l m a r r y h i s d a u g h t e r o n l y t o a ric h m a n . T h e p o o r v o u t h a n d his in g e n io u s frien d . F l e m i s h ( 1 5 6 8 * ) 2. 1 5 6 8 A * The Farmers Leg Never Falls. H e a l w a y s s l e e p s a f t e r d i n n e r in t h e f i e l d a r r a n g i n g t h a t o n e fo o t w ill fall to t h e g r o u n d a n d w a k e h i m so th a t h e c a n start th e ser­ v a n t ' s t o w o r k . T h e y a r r a n g e to k e e p t h e f o o t fr o m f a l l i n g a n d h e sleeps till e v e n i n g . F i n n i s h 15.

How the Servant Boy Reformed his Master.

1569*

H e t e l l s t h e m a s t e r : )>I h a d a d r e a m th at I s h o u l d f i n d a l a r g e t r e a s u r e i f I s h o u l d tak e, t h e m o s t h o n e s t m a n w i t h m e . » F ie g o e s w i t h his m a s t e r th r e e n i g h t s to s e e k t h e t r e a su r e . F i n a l l y , w h e n t h e y w ere lost, h e sa y s: » Y o u s h a ll d ie o f h u n g e r u n le s s y o u r efo rm .)) T h e m a s t e r p ro m ises. C f. T y p e 1 5 7 2 F * . E s t o n i a n 2.

1569**

Clothing the Servant. T h e m a s t e r is t o c l o t h e h i s s e r v a n t ( a t h i s e x p e n s e ; . 1 he s e r v a n t insists t h a t th e c o n d i t i o n s b e f u l f i l l e d lit e r a lly , th a t t h e m a s t e r shall pul o n h i s c l o t h e s f o r h i m . ( J 2 1 9 1 J. F l e m i s h ( 1 5 6 9 * ) 1.

1570*

»Gorge sile.ntlyn. A s o l d i e r , w h o is s p e n d i n g t h e n i g h t , e a t s u p a w h o l e d i d i ol d u m p l i n g s . H e a s k s w h a t t h i s f o o d is c a l l e d . M i l e l a d y o f t h e h o u s e a n s w e r s : w G xj y ge s i l e n t l v v T h i s o l d i e r : » P l e a s e g i v e m e s o m e m o r e o f t h i s g o r g e s i l e n d y e * R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v ( * 1 5 7 0 1; l.

1571*

The Servants Punish their MA\ hu t 1 h o o k e d , t h a t is w h a t G o d g a v e ' n u \ » A f t e r d i n n e r t h e h o s t w i t h t h e s e s a m e W‘)I( s p u lls th e g u e s t b y th e hair. R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v 1.

FFC 1»1

The 'Types of ihe Folktale

1 5 7 2 C * J\ro Forced Gift. T h e h o s t r e p r o a c h e s t h e g u e s t f o r r e f u s i n g a t r e a t : » l ) o n , t d i s ­ o b e y !» T h e g u e s t : » I ) o n ' t o r d e r ! » R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v 2. 1 5 7 2 D * Gifts Literally Accepted. T h e h o s t d i s l i k e s f o r a n y o n e t o r e f u s e h i m . T a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f t h i s , a s l y g u e s t l i t e r a l l y a c c e p t s t h e p r o p o s a l o f t h e h o s t a n d lak e;, o f f his h o rse a n d o th e r tilings. R u s s i a n : A f a n a s i e v ( * 1 5 7 2 1) I. 1 5 7 2 E * The Clever Coachman and Hungry Master. P u r p o s e l y l o s e s h i s m a s t e r in t h e f o r e s t , w h o , w h e n h e w e n t o n a j o u r n e y , a l w a y s o m i t t e d to o r d e r h i m his s h a r e o f lo o d . G f. T y p e 1 5 6 9 * . L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 4 3 0 ) 3. 1 5 7 2 1’* Turning the Shovel Backwards. T h e s e r v a n t e a t s w i t h h i s s p o o n t u r n e d b a c k w a r d s ; th e m a s t e r u n lo a d s his w a g e s (g r a in ) w it h th e s h o v e l a lso t u r n e d b a c k w a r d s . L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 4 2 6 1 4 ; 2. 1572 0 * The Travelers and the Miser. N a m i n g a v a r i e t y o f d i s h e s t o t h e h u n g r y t r a v e l e r s , t h e m i s e r k e e p s a s k i n g : » \ V o u l d y o u e a t o f t l i c m ? » — » \ V e w o u l d » —- » Y c s , i f t h e y w er e- h e r e t o e a t » . . . A f t e r b e i n g s h o w n t h e i r w a y , t h e t r a v e l e r s b e a t t h e ' m iser, a n d ask h im : » W o u ld y o u r b r o th er d e fe n d y o u ? » — » S u r e ly , h e w o u l d . » » Y e s , if lie w e r e h e r e» . L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 4 2 6 A ) 2. 1 5 7 2 H * »Thaf Is AH». T h e f a r m e r a s s i g n s n u m e r o u s t a s k s , e a c h t i m e w i t h » T h a t is a l l . » T h e serv a n t q u its w ith th e s a m e w ords. W a l l o o n ( * 1 6 3 6 ) 1. 1573*

The Clever Senwit as Trouble. Maker. l i e l a y s t h e s k i n o f a d e a d d o g i n t h e b e d o f o f h is m a s te r a n d m is tr e ss in o r d e r to m a k e t r o u b l e b e w c e n t h e m . L i k e w i s e h e b r e e d s e n m i t y b e t w e e n t h e d a u g h t e r s . [ K 2 1 3 4 | . C f . rl A p e 1 4 5 3 . E s t o n i a n ' / / L i t h u a n i a n ( * 2 4 3 1 ) 2; R u s s i a n : A n d r e j e v ( 1 5 7 3 * ) 4.

1573**

Inspecting the Daughter. T h e b o y m a k e s a n a x e - h a n d l e w i t h o u t s i g h t i n g . O n e o f t h e d a u g h t e r s is p r o m i s e d h i m . » W i l l 1 g e t t h a t d a u g h t e r ?» H e l o o k s c a r e f u l l y enough. F i n n i s h 3.

1574

7 he T a ilo r's D ream . A t a i l o r d r e a m s t h a t a t J u d g m e n t D a y h e s e e s a f l a g m a d e u p o f a ll t h e p i e c e s o f c l o t h h e h a s s t o l e n . U p o n w a k i n g h e a sk s his s e r v a n t s to w a r n h i m i f t h e y e v e r s e e h i m t e m p t e d t o s t e a l a g a i n . T h i s h a p p e n s . H e r ep lie s, » T h e p ie c e I a m a b o u t to steal d o e s n ot fit in to th e fla g .» [ J 1401]. * B P 1 3 4 3 ; * \ V ess el ski Hodscha .Xasreddin 1 2 5 6 N o . 190.

1574A

(f< j r m e r ly 2 0 0 5 * ) . T he Oversight o f the T hievish Tailor. H e s e w s t h e s t o l e n p i e c e o f c l o t h o n t h e o u t s i d e o f his c o a t t h i n k i n g it is o n t h e i n s i d e . [ X 2 2 1]. E s t o n i a n ( 2 0 0 5 * ) 1 : F i n n i s h ( 2 0 0 5 * ) 1.

1574B

( f o r m e r l y 2 0 0 5 * * ) . T h e 'Tailor Cuts the Pieee out o f his O w n Coal [ X 2 2 1 . 1 ] . S w e d i s h ( 2 0 0 5 * ) 6 ( ( i o t e b o r g 7. m i s c . 5 ) .

1574C

( f o r m e r l y 1 5 ( 5 7 * * * ) . T he D e vil's Share. T h e s t i n g y w o m a n h a s t h e t a i l o r e o m e to h e r h o u s e to c u t c l o t h . H e t h r o w s a p i e c e o u t o f t h e w i n d o w , » t h e d e v i l ’s s h a r e . » W h i l e t h e w o m a n h a s g o n e a f t e r it h e c u t s o f f a p i e c e for h i m s e l f . [ K 3 4 1 . 1 3 ] . F in n ish 2 ; S w e d is h (U p p sa la )

3;

F l e m i s h ( 1 5 6 7 * ) 1; I n d i a 1.

456

S (ith T h o m p s o n

IT T ! 1ih a d e a d r.u oi w o r m s i n t h e w a t e r . T h e m a n t r i e s t o b r e a k t h e e o n l a i n e r o n t h e b o y s In .t o . T h e b o y t e l l s h i m n o t t o , b e c a u s e h i s m o t h e r u s e s it as a u r i n a l , o r it is m - d to feed th e d o g . S p a n i s h - A m e r i e a n : H a n s e n ( * * 1 5 5 4 ) ( C u b a ; 7, ( D o m i n i c a n R r p u b l i ' 1578B*

I low a Woman Came tu Loathe Tripe. p rep aration . L ith u a n ia n (*2 4 4 2 )

Is s h o w n

tin' u n a p p e t i z i n g m a nn er

;if 1U

3.

1579 Carrying W o lf ’ G oal , and Cabbage across Stream .

A l i m n is t o se t a cro s s ** s t r e a m , in a b o a t t h a t w i l l h o l d h i m s e l f a n d o n l y o n e o i l i e r o b j e c t , a v ^ l f a g o a t , a n d a c a b b a g e , l i e m u s t d o t h i s s o t h a t t h e w o l f d o e s n ' t e a t lh< g o a t , n o r t h e goat: t h e c a b b a g e . T w o s o l u t i o n s : (1) (a ) t a k e g o a t o v c i, ( b ) t a k e w o l f o v e r a n d g o a t b a c k , (c) t a k e c a b b a g e o v e r , ( d ) t a k e goal o v e r ; ( 2 ) ( a ) t a k e goat, o v e r , ( b ) t a k e c a b b a g e o v e r a n d g o a t b a r k , :M t a k e w o l f o v e r , ( d ) t a k e g o a t o v e r . [ H 5 0 6 . 3 ] . Cf. T y p e 2 1 2 * . * l i o ] i c Z s . f. V k s k X X X I I I — X X X I V 3 8 ; 1 - c i l b c r g O rdbog I I 1 l|7_ ^ s . v . »u]\», I I 3 5 4 f . s. v . » k a l » . — C a t a l a n : A m a d c s N o . 4 7 1 , uld kill a I 1\ wherever lie sees it. Kills the fly on the judge's nose. | ) I 1*F>. I |. *BP I 519; Pauli (ed. Bohe) No. 073; *Andri sou .\ov,l/nie No\. 4 1, ’>». 100—102; *Espinosa Cuentos III 19IIT. Fimiisli 7; D.uii.h > J A L L X X X V I 360 — 100: *BP I CTf. (C riinm Xo. 7); Pauli fed. Holle) No. 614; basset 1001 Contes 1 521; K dhlcr-bolte I id:); Zacliariae Zs. f. Vksk. X X X I I I X X X 1 Y 71; T o ld o Zs. f. Vksk. X I V 61 n. 2; Coffin A - Finnish 21 ; Finnish-Swedish 1: Estonian 5; Lithuanian /.7; Swedish 10 (U ppsala A Stockholm 10. L und /, Liungm an A misc. .7); D anish: MS. D F S ; Irish 7; Spanish 1: D u tch 1; Flemish 2; H erm an 10 (Archive 0, Ilcnssen Y olk N o. SIT; Italian 7 (T uscan 1650 A Sicilian) X G on/.enbach No. 75); Hungarian 2; O /c.ch : T id e Soupis II (2) ■IT 717'. 11: Slovenian 5; Serbocroatian 2; Russian: Andrejev V haine 11. Afanasiev .7, Andrejev (* 1610 11) 1: ( neck 2; India 4. - ---- S p a n is h -A m erica n : Rael N o. 314 (U .S .). African 2. 1611 Contest in Climbing the Most. T h e boy falls from the mast and lodges in the ringing’: »You do the same thing!» T h e seniors a.re persuaded that he h an expert sailor. [K 1 7 0 2). OoiTin 1. —- Finnish 5: Finnish-Swedish 1: Swedish 2 - L und L misc. A); Da.nish: M S. D F S ; Russian: A ndrejev; C ane V erd e Islands: Parsons M A F L S X V ' l ) 190; A m erican Indian: T h o m p so n C Cot7 II 43X 1612

The Contest in Swimming, 'i’he swim nicr takes a knapsack of prove i--ns on his back. His rival is afraid and gives up. [K4 761J. Coffin 1. ----- Finnish 21; Finnish-Swedish 2; Swedish 2 ' Fund / . m i s c . /) ; Danish: M S. D F S : Irish 12; Russian: Andrejev; India 1: Cepe V erd e Islands: Parsons M A F I.S X V C ) 100; A merican Indian: S p e c k J A F L X X X :T917) 162 No. 7; A m erica n Negro M ich ig an ): IWsoti N o . 22.

1613 nl'Ur.iioj-Ciirds J /c )nv Cabman and Crave) hook m A soldier reprovi d I' 11 placing cards during church seivier answers Ihits and shows so elevate the symbolic meanings o f each o f die cards that he receives a o'W.uT [11603 |. ** b o!lc Zs. f. \ ’ksk. XI 37i»lf; *\Vilsun l-'I. I. 26516 F iu m T /• Fhmish-Swcdish / : Swedish 2 Uppsala 2. Lund Ik Liungm an /• uh"1, 2 ); Danish: MS. D F S : Icelandic 1; Scottish 1; Irish 17. Beal X V C d lT English 4; French 2; C atalan: A iu a d es No. 1539; W a lloo n 1: t e ttn-ni 7; Russian: Andrejev; Lnglish-Aniei i c a n : lkm ghm an A Spaneii' A m erican: Hansen '.Argentina) /. l t d - ! * .-I Clem D r ier. T h e \\< li the man has nr( rsiUir-n of (Le One-rv- d Mb\’hni kir.cl of harden or*\\hy rank you tarry two windows?*) (Stand imes bald-headed and i ed-hcadrd me n. or pcojilu with deformities carry on repartee.; Finnish

2;

Es to n ian

1 ; F le m is h

( i e r m a n : J ungbaucr

1:

3BU.

Y olk I d z u .U l

1 6 2 1 'Du / l o n e o (.'!< n e i than flu P )i,s l. The peasant: The horse does not step twice into the same hole, but the priest has two children hv the same girl. Anderson 1T ( XJdJ .159 n. 2. - - Lslonian I ; l)anish: Kristeusen L itB fj< n'.f> 2 l‘2lT. Xos. 51511".: Jlungarian: Bern* Xagy A>28* 2. 1621 A * H w B e fuses to D r h d . a f t e r ii h a s h a d Eivmiih. T i m s t e a c h e s lesson to m a

Fault i.ed. Unite: No. 239.

162 3* Ait O l d »//(■) r>> in s te a d o f a ' l o r n ” One. I n s t e a d ol a y o u n g g i l l . his n u t t e r an. o l d w o m a n . m is s e d h i m

t e r . | J b e ) . ? I.

Slovenian the m n . i i i l

C l e v e r l y e x p l a i n s t o hi < nI ,rV1‘ls ‘ r a k e !» [J 1 5 1 1 .J 1 |. C f. T v p c 164 1 C . */.s. f. o M n iv ir h is c lic V k s k . XI ll.'l: * Z s . f. \ 'k s k . XVI 25, 2"-. -g)

♦Pauli (cd. Bulk-) II 233; IIP 11 113. - • Lithuanian g ‘2-123; X

F F (: 1HI

’111*- Types ol die l*t j]kl;i 11 •

(CS 903, ]b2) // .S tockholm /. L iungm an /, mis< . I j 1 1.i h \ French / ; H erm an: M eyer ISattdeutsehe 1'au; 7.

IGj IC * J'filini* a^aind his 117/7. C*> ]).*-> w a rning cheese p i r t r n d s to hr u n w il li n g to •Ml

i r.

O w i h t throw, it on him. H u n g a r i a n i'ld 2 0 :!a /.

ig:uh * JIo:-; In Pent a (l)j)sy. (/'ypsy th ie f b r in e hr; a n t r l h r a p t o r lie t h r dors not I.now ho w to brat a ( »ypsy. In tin' discussion (.»y • - y i sr.iprs.

11unsynian '1G2 I*.* /.

hhil * Thnru'ing tin- 1 kief om Ihc Pence. T h ie f . '.urjii iMil at theft say.-,: > F o yo u r •. M.lU. on ly don't th ro w n ir ov< r the f r n r r . » \ d i r n th ro wn over, lie e-capes. | h t , i ;. Cf. T y p e 1310. .L ithuanian { s;: 1(>127) .7.

linhnsfAu ^ip s 'nicks

1!11V).

!K:',0()|. S r r also T y pes 0 2 L T22, 1512, l.r>0(k 1320.

IK 3 ’).

L ivonian 1; Swedish (i ''Uppsala 2. L u n d 7). 1636

Tin' Kcftaitin/l Thief p r e t e n d s for

o w ih t

W Y rssclsk i F in n ish

1G'kA

s the

to h a v e f o u n d s t o le n r o w . H r u p b r a id

n o t " " iiard in ^ h e r b e t t e r . [ I v l l b ] .

7;

AJniU'li.'.ltiliin

L ith u a n ia n

I l / . r If h wd a S>n L i t h u a n ia n k

,n a

1G3G* h nni kincJn s ('!(>din).

110

A 'd G X lj

Xo.

l>:

( '.;

Mcn.sa Piiilnsn/diica So.

R u ssia n :

A fa n a siev

a.

(>.

v ^ F u lu j

0'r/m- In Slink 1 h lpl.d al cr ucifixion. (A N o 1.1 |. J l r | n srrih< >, certain eh alu m ; lor an o n a a n n : t!■!a

rn-

riches friendly elm h i m Finnish 9.

LUCKY

1640

l iic Bnnr I nikn.

Seven

I . 7»Vvo on

n ^ rr ..n d

»Srven

Pnekv Sin cc.s-.m

a", ll

K i l l s w i l d - b o n i -. A l s o i n c i d e n t s b e l o w

d ie c le v e r

Ijnl p'iy-lkiilt /’.

h is g ir d le . JI.

;.e n: V

w i t h o n e s t r o k e . W h i l e f l e e i n g d e l e . Ms d i e

» h r s i r ’l l - ] ) o s t o n h i s a r m i . th e stu p id

A C C ID F .N T S

m an:

e f . ' 1'y j x v s 1 0 0 0 1 1 .

T in ' ta il o r k ills s e v e n f li e s a n d p u t s a n iir w - ! w ith

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o n e stn > k e» .

is p u t

r/ir.C ItKH.

to v a r i o u s te sts o f h is p r o w e s s : stun

t h e s t o n e , e l e . S e e T \ p r s 1 Of) 1, 10 .Y 2 . 1 0(>M, 1 0 b I , 1 0 1 ) 2 , l O b a , 10*02,

1113. 111.

Piul.y

At

th e o rd er o f th e

strik in g o n e fro m a n h u sh a n d sla y

one another;

(h..

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he

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pliv't!

l'TC: 1»4

The Tvpi’s of the Folk!nit■

BA

IV. The Wedding, (;i) He is married lo the princess but soon betrays his ('ailing by asking lor thread, (b) Soldiers are sent to lake him but he intimidates them with his boasting. V. Af W a r . In war when his horse runs away he grasps a cross from the graveyard (a tree) and waves it so that the enemy flee in terror. Moths: I. J 1 15.4. Clever tailor. K1951.1. Boastful fly-killer: »scven at a blo\v». A tailor who has killed seven flies writes on a placard: »Seven at a blow.» He is received as a great warrior. II. K1112. Bending the tree. Hero bends tree over but when he catches breath the tree shoots him to the sky. K71. Deceptive contest in carrying a tree: riding. Kb2. Contest in squeezing water from a stone. K63. Contest in biting a stone. The ogre biles a stone; the man a nut. K18.3. Throwing euntest: bird substituted for stone. The ogre throws a stone; the liero a bird which flies out of sight. K id.2. Throwing contest: golden club on the cloud. Trickster shows the ogre the club he has thrown. (Really only a bright spot on the cloud.) K72. Deceptive contest in carrying a horse. The ogre carries it on his back and soon tires; the man carries it between 11is legs (rides). Kbl. Contest in pushing hole in tree: hole prepared beforehand. K523.1. Substituted object left in bed while intended victim escapes. III. K1U82. Ogres (large animals, sharp-elbowed women) duped into fighting each other. K771. Unicorn trickl'd into running horn into tree. K731. Wildboar captured in church. IV. TI38.2.1. Tailor married lo princess betrays sell* by calling for needle and thread. K 1951.3. Sham-warrior intimidates soldiers with his boasting. Y. K 1951.2. Runaway cavalry-hero. *BP 1 MBIT. Grimm No. 20); **Bodkcr »T1k*Brave Tailor in Danish Tradition)) Thompson Feslsehrift 1 ff.; *\Visser Zs. f. Yksk. XXII I (itiff.: *Anderson Xoirilim No. 5b: Coffin 9; Espinosa I’ll 2221T. Einnish Fit; T'innish-Swcdish 2: Estonian 13: Eivonian 1: Eilhuanian 31: Lappish f: Swedish 23 (Uppsala 6, Eiungnian 2, misr. 13): Norwegian !/. Solheim f ; Danish: Grundivig No. 9 4 ; Icelandic tt: Irish 2 / 7. J . n k s o n T E XIA’II 292, Beal X 31'. No. 44; English /; Ei'eneh 19; Spanish I; Duirli 3; Tlemish 11, Witleryck p. 281 12: b m n an H> Aiaughman ('K16P2.1) P}A m erican N egro (M ic h ig a n ): Dorson N o . 151. —- Cf. S p a n i s h - A m e i • H ansen **307) (Puerto Rico) J.

FIX! 184

'Flu: Tyjics of the Folktale

4 7 “)

1676B (.'!(/thing Gannjit in (•raveyard. M an lliinks that som eth in g terrifying is holding him and dies o( Light. |J 2 6 2 5, N 3 8 4 .2 ; 9 (

1691

1691 A* One Preacher Enough. A fool starts to preach whi l e tin- pn-.u h< i i:. (i.e., valuable), he brings out a heavy mortar, or the like [J246LL7], (b) Told to firing out something sinning (i.e., gold, etc:.), he brings out a minor, or the like [J2461.1.7.1]. II. Awakening the Inhabitants, (a) Being unable to carry his load of loot outside, he awakens one of the men of the house to help him [J2136.5.6]. (b) Seeing a drum or musical instrument in the house, he plays upon it loudly [J2136.5.7]. (c) He decides to cook himself some food while in the house. One of the sleeping inhabitants groans in his sleep (J 2 136.5.5]. The fool thinks he is asking for food and pours boiling hot food on his hand or in his mouth. India 18. 1692A* Drunkard's Pig is Stolen and a dog put in its place. Drunkard tells it not to pre­ tend to be a dog. Walloon (*1691) 2. 1693 'The Literal Fool - - the Burning of Lanka. Pots broken; fire set. A fool (or trickster) follows instructions literally and disastrously. He is taken before a judge or rajah, but is freed, (a) An oil seller tells a fool (or a trickster), who has spilled a little oil, that spilt oil brings good luck. The fool breaks all the oil seller’s pots, allowing the oil to run out [J2214.7]. (b) An oil seller tells the fool, »Show me something 1 never saw.» The fool breaks all the oil pots, (c.) A woman asks, »What was the burning of Lanka likt*?» He sets fire to her house to demonstrate [J2062.3]. (d) A betel seller refuses to give him any betel, saying »Rub your lips against those of the next person you sec.» He kisses his daughter. India

FFG 184

The Types of the Folktale

483

Swedish (Stockholm) 8; English 7; Italian (Sicilian 3, Gonzenbach No. 75); Serbocroatian 2; Greek (2008B*); India: Draco!t Simla Village Tales p. 166. 1698D The Wedding Invitation. Lord: Good Morning, Peter. — Peasant: I come from Bingen. — L. What is the hog worth? — P. Two weeks from next Sunday (the wedding). — L. Shall I come to the wedding? — P. Three and a half gulden. [X I11.4]. Aarne ibid. 35ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 719. — Lithuanian 4; Swedish (Uppsala).?; India (XI 11.7); Indonesian: DeVries No. 296.— SpanishAmerican: Hansen (Cuba) 4, (Puerto Rico) 2, (Chile) L 1698E The Old Man on the Bridge. Lord: Good day, Caspar. — Caspar: I am making a reel. — L. Good day, Caspar. — C. It is worth four pence. — L. Good day, Caspar. — G. Yes, my Lord, whenever you wish. [X I11.5]. Aarne ibid. 38ff.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 719. — English-Amcrican: Baughman 7. 1698F The Deaf Man and the Proud Nobleman. The nobleman amuses himself at the expense of the deaf man. Finally — Nobleman: I wish you a thousand gallows and ropes around your neck. — Peasant: My Lord, I wish you twice as many. [XI 11.6]. Aarne ibid. 39ff. 1698G Misunderstood Words Lead to Comic Results. In some the people arc not really deaf but fail to catch a word (Aarne ibid. 40ff.), in some they are deaf (Aarne ibid. 76). Danish: MS. DFS. 1698H The Man with the Bird in the Tree. A traveler asks the way and the man in the tree keeps telling him about the bird he has caught. (The questions and answers often rhyme.) [XI 11.8]. Aarne ibid. 4 Iff. 16981 Visiting the Sick. A deaf man plans a conversation w i t h e x p e c t ed answers as he goes to visit the sick. The answers turn out other wi se. A. H o w are you? — B. I am dead. — A. T hank Go d ! W h a t have \ou e a t e n ? B. Poison, I think. — A. I hope it agrees with you. (Ni l l.(,|. Aarne ibid. 50ff.; India 7. »A Woodchopper:» T h e w o r k m a n a n s w e r , the l i u v e l n \ courtesies with remarks about his w o r k [X 1 I 1.1 Swedish 22 (Uppsala 9, Stockholm 7, Goirhon> /, l.nnd /> . !\oi wrj> i.m Solheim 2; Spanish 7. — Spanish-Amei ican : ll.iir.< u ( 'nlu •'

1698J »Good Dayj> —

1698K The Buyer and the Deaf Selin [ X I 1I . I I |. Aarne*FFG XX 60ff, 69ff. (Types I I, IT IT. 5, Stockholm 7, Lund 7); English 7.

Nw.d,.l,

,I

.1 ,

Slitlj Thompson

4U4

1TC !;;■!

1698L 'The. D e a f Parson. 1 lie youth answers unintelligibly but is praised ncw.'thcless [X I 1 1 . 1 2 ). Finnish . I 742**) 4. 1 6 9 8 M '1 he D eaf JUshi'j). T h e drunken priest, says, »In the m orning I take a drink o f rum and afterwards (bur or five little drinks.» [’X I 11.13]. Finnish (184b*) 2; Estonian (1846*) 1; Lappish (1980) 3. 1 6 9 8 N P rclended Deafness. People, pretend deafness, but w hen proper cpicstion is asked ih ev betray thrinselyrs. (O r j»laying d eaf w hen a service' is ask< ci.) Of. M o t i f K 2 3 L if). French 4; French Oanadian (1702*). 1698A* To Shikr linger. The master orders his servant hoy to strike off 11is finger that lias heroine dirt)’, li e slicks his finger through a hole. The boy strikes v. ah a burning piece of wood. The master sticks the. finger into his mouth. Piuuish /: Estonian Livonian 2: Swedish 30 fl ppsala 2, Stockholm 27, Turn! /i. 1(>98B* Refusal /. Eat. The servant, lllinks lo deceive his master hv refusing lo eal | J.’Ulj) j. Flemish '1698*; J. 1698(1* .SV//-V Congratulate then Masttr. The delegate, coming into the room, slip-- am! falls: »Thc devil take you!** flic serfs waiting outside the door think he e con­ gratulating. All cry in one voice: »You and your family**. | tJI8T)|< Lithuanian (!S:J7U8i 3: Rumanian: Schullenis F IT I.XXVIII 98 .V». H: Hungarian : Ber/c Nags- (1293* j 7. 1699 Misunilerstandi.no fhcause oj Ignorance ( f a Loretgn Language [J.MseiM.Ci. T y p e 1322. Livonian (1672' J: ( Ha inan: Xs. 1'. Yksk. X L 1 171*11'.; French: A . I. Vksk. X I.I I73IT.: H u n g a ria n : Ber/e X a g y (1333*) 1; Slovenian 1: Scrbocroaliuii I; Russian: Andrrjcv i *20(18 IF) 3; India /. Sp.mishA m crican : Jlanscn **1687 A ( 8 i Puerto R ic o ) / /, i ( 1ii 11cl ( ioasr : B ailor and Sinclair No. 18. 1699A Criminal (.ey/ov.vr.'. Imnuse o f .Miswnh islanding o f a Diohet [ N2 73.2 ]. BP 11 112. :>3 1. Slovenian. 1699B 1 he Changed ()rd>r. N ew recruits learn answers lo questions in e c n p language. C)i dcr changed in asking brings confusion. |J 171 1.3.1 ]• (. If. .Lithuanian ( *242(1) 2: Spanish (* ] 6 9 7 A ) J; F.ngland: Bar.; ,hnr,li J 1711.3. T: : Russian : Af.masiex (*2140' /. 1 0 9 9 * 7 fu ( .uji m- . \ t ake *. S n i o

(he c o l l m

l o o s h o r t , t h e c o r p s e > len'{ A'neuc.» J'hd don't know* is a person nan1* r.i'd-i9t>|. Finnish 3: Estonian 2; Scrbucroalian / : ( n e c k /. American ivM i c h i g a n ) : *.l)orsoii No. 4-7. African ((a d d Cloast): B a r i'’: ai*u Sinclair 95 Xo. 18.

it c

1701

4HT

Th e Types of (he Folktale

KM

Echo Ansmrs.

O n lv

end

of

q u estio n

com es

hark.

M isu n d e r sta n d in g .

[K 1 M 8 7 .1 ]. F in n ish

A:

S w ed ish

(C S

S p a n ish : E sp in o sa Jr. N o .

1702

Anecdotes about Stutterers.

.1886)

17

( U p p s a l a //, S t o c k h o l m

172: C h in ese: C r a h a m

O n e stu tter e r th in k s th e o i h n

S l o v e n i a n ; R u s s i a n : A n d r e j e v ( * 2 0 0 8 1)

L

m isc .

is i m i t a t i n g h i m .

1.

17(12A * A La c o n i c Conve rs ati on . J’wo tacitu rn peasants understand each other h a l f words. Russian: AfanasiVv : :i;20 a0; 1. 170211*

Brutal Couple will no! 1alk to Each Othn , S erh ocroatian

8):

K lo lF /.I ).

thro ug h

each tr ying to hide his stuttering.

1.

1702C-* Dialogm of the Simpleton mot tin Jester. >ds die lai r large .V >>\ did not measure il.>> >>ls it strong .'a >d did not lest i(.» etc. O n e of the s]>eakers confuses the other, saying d ia l lie saw a gray hear, hare in a tree. cl r. Russian: Afanasiev ■i;*2() 1 1 11; (>.

1704

Anecdotes about Absurdly S t in i’ y P erso n s.

170*1*

Soldier lutts with his Sabet.

17.

F in n ish

Peasant brings him the m a n u r e shovel.

R u m a n i a n /.

1705

7 a lb in o

Horse and l)oj.

rep ly in g

A

to h is r e m a r k s .

person

is f r i g h t e n e d

E x a m p le:

The

m an

by

a n im a ls

r id in g

su ccessiv ely

th e h orse

and

lu l-

l o w e d b y t h e d o g te lls (lie h o r s e to j u m p o v e r a h o le . H o r s e s a y s , » I w ill n o t.A The

M an

dog

w h ic h

tu rn s lo d o g a n d

s a v s , » I s u }t t h a t s t r a n g e , a h o r s e t a l k i n g ! ^

sa y s, » Y c s , isn 'i il.v O f t e n (lie m a n r u n s , m e e t i n g o t h e r a n i m a l s

a n s w e r h i m , u n t i l h e fa lls e x h a u s t e d . [ B 2 I 0 . 1 .

B2 1 l . l . l . l * ] .

I . S . : H a u g h m a n 7.

170a A * Dumb Alan at the I i'eibtio^. (iocs to slurp and i i c u t reaches it. though at home he praises the wed ding. | \ M I 8 | . Livon ia n /. 1/05H* 7 be Beni 'l akin inr Si. Martin. O n St. M a r l i n ' s d ay the m a U r r :.j Cl. Types 1525A. 1535 HVV. *BP II ion;, 18, 111 188. 192. 879, 89:1: 1Audci •, >n W. \n I I I *Cos(]\iin Etudes 392. --Finnish IV/; Estonian ll : I .i \ nin.m • I .it Iim.iiimh 'v* 1:.)35 A) 21; Lappish /. ( I 737* j 9; Swedish o I .iiiirin.iii mis. Norwegian: Solheim 1; Irish G; French 9; Spanish ( iaialnn \mad< No. 374; Dutch 1: German 3; Ausiiiair llaidm" \ >; Kiiniainaii i • «h Tilje Soupis II 2) 287)IT. ll): Russian: Alana ,i< \ - t C o n n Sebeok-Nyei ges >K7M.2.Fi: Serluu m alian ’ ( nr. I/.' I Turkish: Lbrrhard-Boralav Nos. 31 I, 3 11 II ’>In '.no .1a.:: I.,. I. . (K842); Indonesian: Dixon 191 n. I I, DeVnes \.» " i, < •• n i \\o man 26 No. 5 ; Japanese : Ikeda (VI. INp (Liungman 1, misc. 4); English 1; Austrian: Maiding No. 71; S e r b o Croatian 2; Russian: Andrcjcv; Greek 6'. 1740A Candles on Goafs Horns. A goat goes into a church. The villagers think she is sent by saint: and light candles on her horns. She sets fire to farms. Greek (1316*, 1740*) 34. 1740B Thieves as Ghosts. Rascals dress in white and make owner of figtree from which they are stealing believe they are ghosts. He flees. Spanish (*1532) 1; Spanish-American: Hansen (1532**A) (Argen­ tina) 1. 1740* The Parson3s Tithes. The parson does not demand his tithes but his share of a sum of money that has been found. Finnish-Swedish 3; Swedish (Uppsala) 5. 1741 The Priest's Guest and the Eaten Chickens. The servant who has eaten the chickens tells the guest to flee because the priest is going to cut off his ears, and he tells the priest the guest has stolen two chickens [K2137]. The priest runs after him crying, »Give me at least one of them.» *BP II 129 (Grimm No. 77); Western Folklore XIV 162f.; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 364; Feilberg Ordbog III II8a s.v. »0re»; Coffin 2; Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin II 245 No. 543. — Swedish 7 (Stockholm 7, Goteborg 7, Lund 5, Liungman 7, misc. 7); Danish: Kristenscn Kirkctjeneste pp. 195ff.; Icelandic 4; Scottish 1; Irish 21; French 10; Catalan: Amades No. 1336; Dutch 1; Flemish (1740*) 3; Italian (Sicilian 7); Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1389*) 2; Czech: Tille Soupis II (2) 399f. 3; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav No. 359 8; India (1741A Ind) 3. Literary Treat­ ments: Chauvin VI 179 No. 341. 1741* The Parson is Dissatisfied with his Share of the sausage from a horse’s intestine. Finnish 2; Estonian 4; Swedish 7 (Uppsala J?, Liungman /, misc. 4). 1743* The Promised Gift. During the sermon the priest: demands tin- gift promised him by a woman at confession; the woman answers that the priest himself admitted often committing such sins. Lithuanian 7; Serbocroatian 7; Russian: Andrcjcv /. 1745 Three Words at the Grave. The priest made' sick o f his b a r g a i n . A poolman in return for a steer gets permission from t h e priest to speak th re e words at the burial of his enemy, the. rich man. Priest : »From th e e a r t h are you come.» Man: »Now the st ee r is d e a d . » P r ie s t: »!n th e e . u t h shall you remain.» Man: »Father, do y o u w a n t ti n mc.ti ’>* Pi i r .i : »I wish you were in hell!» [K262 |. Danish: Kristenscn Kirketjeneste 13914., 15214.

■192

1715*

ITC

S tiili T h om p soi

.SVr.%thr Devil. Tin* parson denies the exist ence of the devil. The bear-show­ man lets the hear eliml) n|> the pulpit. The parson thinks the bear is the devil. [X-J25J. Livonian /; Russian: Andrejev (*1757 1) J. 174b* Priest Mint Pail Out thr Paul. I low can boatman return alone with no help'-: .' Boatman: J will put thr j>1u£j; back into die hole. Finnish i 1 1 Morio n Pam J u d a s I V til . 2 7 7; India: * Th o m p s o n -H a l vs . K 1917.12 ..

I 775 1775

1799 P a y s n n a n d S e x t o n

Hungry Paismt.

1 hr

h o u s e . I n tin ' n i g h t T h e sexton T v p c

( )n

th e

h u n tin g

th e parson

has g iv e n

h im

tr ip ,

(h m iig h t

at

th e

peavuds

h u n t s th e p o r r id g e to sa tisfy h is lu m e e i.

th e c u d o f a r o p e to g u i d e h im ;

| \ 4 a I I. d .

1091.

IB7a s.\. *>scng». F i n n i s h 105: I* i m i i s b - S w r o b h 0: L a p p i s h 2: S w e d i s h 32 ; l . . p p s a h i 13. S - o c k l i o l n i .7, ( rote boi g /, L u n d 7, L i m i g m a n 3. m is e. (>)\ Norwegian "• D a n i s h : M t u i u l t v i g N o . 100B: I c e l a n d i c 3: F r e n c h 20; S p a n h h /• M e r m a n In i ' A r c h i v e 11. H ’cnsseu Y o l k No. 2 0 9 i : I t a l i a n :7 ; T u s c a n l l,-,() •r /c a . [ 1 2 2 0 ] . [ I 7 0 2 | . f 1 7 :

E sto nian

Ann

v

00:

11 0 1 0 * )

111

L iv o n ia n

;7;

(l/ee h :

T ille

1

S o u p is

-12011.

lstr ia n

N o . -1: R u s s i a n : A ' / a d o v s k v

Russhara Sha J.a

M reck

3:

002

Baughm an

C h in ese : /;

M rnham

No.

S p n n ix h -A in e r ien n :

p.

R acl

IP:

221. No.

Serbocroat

No.

m i

12. A n d r e i* '

1n i g l i s h - A m e : 1 2B9

•: l r . S . :

A tiic

17: an-

c aii

FFG 181

Vx\

1 Ik: Types or die Folktale

In d ian : '(Miemae.) .Rand Nos. 57, 09. (Ojilnvn): Laidlaw ( ht!5]. Uf. T y p e 1300. Finnish 20; Finnish-Swedish 5; Swedish 0 Uppsala 7, Slot klmlm /, misc. 7); N orw egian 2; Danish: M S. D FS. i f ’ . T . Kr. 1 4Dt>;; Spanish / ; G e n n a n 21; H u n garian / ; Russian: Andrejev. Lilerarv T rea tm en t: R o tu n d a [ K 1 2 7 L 1.4.2]. 1776* The Parson, the Sexton, awl the F.cl. Finnish-.Swcdish 5. 1776A* 2 he 'l ell-tale Lobsters. A li ieud brings lobsters to a priest. They are said to turn black if cooked by a maiden, otherwise red. They turn red, and the servant girl (barges him with having revealed their affair. Walloon (*1874; 2. 1777A* y>1 Can't Hear }'oto>. The rector confesses his sacristan: both are guilty of sins which neither wishes to acknowledge to the other. | \ l 11.1J. Lithuanian (*2451; 1; Rumanian 1; Serbocroatian a. 1779A* A (>00(1 Pat Poison. Rreeenlnr tells parson lie lias a good rat poison an empty storehouse.

• poverty and

Finnish 4.

1781 Sexton's

O'iC-n W’i/r filings her DJjenng. T h e priest grants to the sexton tin* offerings brought by all wom en w h o m the priest has loved. Tin* priest alw avs calls out »Takc» when these w om en offer. 'The sexton's own wife conies. T h e priest ealls out »Takc!» Ul. (L484.) [ K l o l l j . Wcssclski lie he l .1 185 Xo. 4t). - Finuisli /7.

1785 The Parson Put to Flight

D in in g

his S>mien | \ I I 1 j.

S w e d is h lU p p s a la ) / : Ir is h 2 : ( jc m i . m

/.

\\( Ida .Im 7 L und Jy L iu n g m a n .2, misc. .7 ■; 1 )a nisii : k l I'.l ei i\e 11 L n i ,t-ao O p. Il.t R u s s i a n : Andrejev. l?85B 7 he Sexton Puts a .Teedh' in the Suerunit .■//.-:l //„,>,/. Tin- p.u • >1I 111l 1 i I'll c with his hands [X I 1 L 2 |. ( :f. 4i \ pe i;;:’)t.>* Finnish 1; F in n ish -S w rd b h 2: Iv'tniii. in >; 1 .i \ . •i i 111 / 1 11 1111 111II11 Swedisli ''Uppsala j 2; Danish: Krislense II /i ->L into /. p I I ' III Mil 1. ' Germ an A Henssen Yolk No. 282; Kus‘ i,111 : \ i h11 ( | ; Trislt 207: Beal XV1I1 45f. No. 4. 111 No. 1C); English 7; French 12: Spanish 2: Dutch 2: Flemish (>: German 32 (Archive 30, Henssen jiil. No. 480, lTemsen Yolk No. 148;; Rumanian 1; Hungarian 4; Czech: Tille Soupis H t— 454f. 4; Slovenian 4 : Serbocroatian /; Russian: Andrejev 1: JndM: Thompson-Balys. Franco-Amcrican: Baughman 4: English" American: Baughman 13: Spanish-Amcriran: Rad No. 65 W-S.g West Indies '.Negro) 3: American Negro ^Michigan): Dorson No. ad — Lithave nut dr« ul< d »Call him somebody.» Finnish 19; Spanish (*1843) 1.

1821A

n

498

Slith Thompson

FFC 18*}

Equivocal Blessings. 1 8 2 2 A As Full as the Xut. May this house be as lull as this nut in my hand. (Nut is hollow). Serbocroatian 2. 1823 Jokes about Baptism. Finnish 20. 1824 Parody Sermon. [K 19(51.1.2.1]. *BP 111 11(3; Feilberg Ordbog II 582a s.v. »mcsse»; Bolte Zs. f. Yksk. XIX 182; Boccaccio Decameron VI No. 10 (Lee 179) ; Wessclski ArEtlo I 174ff. No. 3. -- Finnish 5; Lithuanian (1835*) 7; French 6'; Italian Novella: Rotunda (K 1901.1.2.1); Serbocroatian 7; West Indies: Flowers 549. 1825 The Peasant as Parson [K 1901.1J. *BP II 413. -- Irish 5: French 13; Rumanian 4; Spanish-American: Rael No. 30 (U.S.), Hansen (1825G) (Cuba) 1. 1825A The Parson Drunk. Love affair of the bishop and the parson’s wife. When the bishop comes in response to complaints, the parson preaches about the love affair [ J121 1.1]. The troubles of laymen made plain. [K1901.1.1]. *Pauli (cd. Bolte) No. 711. - Finnish 45; Swedish 20 (Uppsala 7, Stockholm 3, Coteborg 3, Lund 2, misc. 5); Norwegian 7/ German I; Serbocroatian 2; Russian: Andrejev 2 . •—Literarv Treatments: Rotunda (J 121 1.1.1). 1822

1825B

»/ Preach God's Word.» l he parson keeps repeating this expression or »God made the world 1'rom nolhing» or a few Latin words instead n! preaching | K 1901.1.2.7]. 'Pile troubles of laymen |K19(3L1.I]. *BP II 413, III lKi. — Finnish 2; Finnish-Swedish 3. ;182:V Swedish 12 (Uppsala :7, Stockholm j, Coteborg ./, Liungman /. inis**. 2)\ Norwegian 1; Danish: Grundtvig No. 114; Spanish 2; Catalan: Amades No. 1321; Flemish /, (1820*) 4; Hungarian 2; Slovenian i; S c i b o croatian 4; Russian: Andrejev 2; Greek: Loukatos No. 37. S p .m is h American: Hansen (1825) (Puerto Rico) 7. (I825**F) \ Puerto Rioy L

1 he Sawed Pulpit. 'Phe ignorant parson is to preach. Beforehand he snvs the pulpit almost through. Predicts that a miracle will happen. 1he pulpit falls down. [‘K 1901.1.3]. Cf. 'Type Kill. *BP II 113. Finnish 1; Finnish-Swedish 7; Lstonian 1; L i t h u a n i a n 3; Lappish 1; Swedish 5 (Uppsala /, Lund 1, Liungman /, misc. Norwegian Lx Solheim J; Icelandic 1: Dutch 7 ; Flemish 3; G e r m a n a . Italian i.Tuscan.'?); Czech: Tillc Soupis II ^2) 393f.. 448 f. 10; Slovenian 1; Russian: Andrejev; Greek: Loukatos No. 30. West Indies (Negro) /. 183a* ; Estonian : 1827*) 2: Lappish J; Swedish 5 (Upp­ sala 3. Lhmgman /. jnisc. /): Danish: Kristensen Tirketjeneste p. 98. 1827A Cards [Liquor Bid tie) Fall from the Sleeve o f tin Preaelur. He saves the situa­ tion by making suitable comparisons to the congregation: »So shall you fall to hell* (and the like). Finnish 55; Lithuanian (*178M;/i 2.

1827 You Shall See me a Little While Longer.

1827* The Old Man as .Yeighhor of the Parson. Accuses the hailiffand the parson of theft. They are hanged. lie marries the parson's widow to a young man. She is re­ juvenated. Lappish I.

1827**

See T y p e

1829.

1828 'J he Cock at Church Crows,

and the sexton awakes and begins to sing

! x 13l |.

Finnish: Finuish-Swcdish 1881 *j /; Swedish 3 ’Lhmgman /, misc. 2): Danish: Kristensen Jihkdjcnstc pp. 7 Iff, 9 Iff; Catalan: Amades cf. 1841. 1828* Weeping and Laughing.

T h e p arson p r e a c h e s so th at h a l f th e e o n g i v g a t i o n w e e p s a n d tin* o t h e r h a l f l a u g h s . \ \ i d i o m b r e e c h e s . ( X I l b ! . A n d e r s o n J T L X L I J 8 8 7 ; W c s s e l s k i Mu,Uni 2 9 7 N o . I 1. F in n is h ./; E sto n ia n 3. - S p a n i s l i - A m e r i r a n : H a n s e n f 1887)1))’ T u b a 1 / . 1887>(J) i L u b : b /.

1829 (iormcrlv 1827**’1 Living 1380.

Poson Acts as Image o f Saint

[K1842|. Cf Tvpe

Anderson EEC X L 1I 37)9: Lithuanian ’ 17801)*): Swedish i. Uppsala) l : D anish: SkatUgraveien X (1888'; It if); French 2(>; Spanish 1 * 1 787A. (h 2. Espinosa 11 No. 1 2 : Flemish i ! 8 2 7 * ) 5: ( ierman well know n); Italian Tuscan | 1309]. | 1 / 81 | 2 ; Slovei bu 11 /; Sri 1n in o j i ia n 7, Isi rian N o . 02; India /,* West Indies: Floweis ‘>1 (>1. 1829* changed lo UMllS.

500

Stith Thompson

FIT: 184

1829A* Saint’s Image Smeared with Milk so as lo divert suspicion of milk theft. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (1789*) 3. 1829B* Man Acts as Statue of Saint in Order to Enter Convent [K 1842.1]. Span is]i 7. 1830 In Trial Sermon Ihc Parson Promises the Laymen the Kind of Weather they Want. They cannot agree. »Then you may have it as it was before.» [J104L1J. YVessclski Hodseha Xasreddin 1218 No. 51. — Finnish 13; Swedish 2 (Uppsala 7, Stockholm 7); Irish 2; French 7; Catalan: Amades Nos. 1310, 1372; Flemish 1; German 2; Rumanian 1; Hungarian 2; Slovenian 4; Serboeroatian /; Russian: Andrejev. Literary Treatmen l : Aesop (Halm No. lbG). 1831

7 he Parson and Sexton at Mass. 'The Sexton has been sent to steal the lamb. At mass the priest and sexton discuss the theft in antiphony: »Did you get the lamb-a-a-a-a?» »I didn’t get it; I got a hell of a beating a-a-a-a. [X441]. (In Catholic stories the antiphonies are made to sound like Latin.) Cf. Type 1792. Finnish 45; Estonian 9 ; Lithuanian 3; Swedish (Uppsala) 7, cf. 1833**: Irish 1; French 3 ; Spanish 6; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 1834: Dutch 2; German 14 (Archive 7j , Henssen Yrolk No. 273); Italian (Tuscan 1831, cf. [1731] 2); Rumanian 3; Hungarian 7/ Serboeroatian 3; Russian: Andrejev 2. Spanish-Amcrican: Hansen (1831**Dj (Cuba) 7; American Negro (Michigan): Dorson No. 129.

The Parson as ShofLeejier. »In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost the price of sugar has rison». Finnish 6. 1831B (formerly 1829*; The Parson's Share and the Sexton's. During the sermon the parson bids the sexton see if anyone is coining. The sexton: »A man is coming with a wheel on his shoulders.» 'The parson: »God gives it you.» 'Flu' sexton: »Xo\v a man is coming with half a hog on In? shoulder.» The parson: »God gives it. to me.» [J12G9.1J. Estonian '1829*) /; Swedish 5 (Uppsala 7, Lund /); Russian: AnJrrjev (1829*) 1.

1831A

1881 A *

1832

J n ap f na f n id le . 4cY/ W\ i/i C f n n r h : var ious. F i n n i s h 43.

The Sermon about the Rich Man. A boy rides with a rich man. Goes int° church and leaves his coat lying in the sled. Hears the parson p r e a c h about the rich man who went to hell. The boy calls out, »Thrn he lock iny cat a 1ong» | X 435 .5 1. Finnish 24; Finnish-Swedish /; Norwegian 7; German 1; R u s s i a n Andrejev.

Po) Ansuns the. Piicst. C f . T y p e F i n l a n d 21. 1 8 3 2 A * The Seven Deadly Sins. P o o r b o y

1832*

1810. s a y s e i g h t : e i g h t h is ihi* s c o r n o f t h e p o o r . 1>ri('sl

F F C 184

T h e T yp es o f the

I'’
A. French-Canadian. 1832C* I low Many Turkeys. A boy is sitting on a fence. The priest asks him: How many turkeys will it take to cover the fence? Boy: If they are all as big as you, only one. French-Canadian. 1832D* Haw Many Sacraments are there? — Boy: 1 don't know. How many poles are there in my father’s fence? — Priest: I wasn’t there when the fence was made1. — Boy : And I was not there when the sacraments were made. Fren c 11- Ca nad i an. 1832E* Good Manners. A boy takes game (rabbit; to priest from his mother. He throws it at priest. The priest wants to teach the boy good manners and exchanges places. The priest knocks and says to boy »My mother sends you this rabbit.» The boy reaches in pocket: »Here is money for you.» French-Canadian. 1832F* Bur Invited to Dinner by Priest. Boy told to help himself to turkey and that what­ ever he does to turkey priest will do to him. He draws out the stuffing from rear with his finger. F rv nch ■-Ca n ad i a n. 1832C* Four Persons of Trinity. Father, Son. Holy Chost, and Amen. (Cf. Type 1833D). French-Canadian. 1832G** The Holy Spirit. Boy preparing to go to early mass loses shoes. Father: Pray to Holy Spirit to enlighten you. Boy: 1 have a lantern and don’t need the Holy Spirit. French-Canadian. 183211* Mo Objections. A priest publishes bans of marriage. He explains to the hoy that it is to see if there are any objections. Boy imitates by announcing that he is to take fruit from basket and hears no objections. French-Canadian. 1832J* Choice of Apples. Priest: Here* are three apples. One is with 2f) cents ( heaven; , oik' with fj() cents (purgatory), and one, one dollar (hell). Choose. Buy: 1 take

them all and (hen I can go where I please. French-Canadian. 1832K* God's Omnipotence. Priest to boy: Name one thing that Cod cat mol do. Buy: Make your mouth larger without moving hack your ears. French-Canadian.

I832L* A It oman Orders Alass to be Said for her Stolen Ox.

D in i n g Mas:, the priest sings; the woman thinks she is being asked questions about her ox, and answers him. Lithuanian (*1393) 3.

1832 M* Priest's Words Repeated. Man sent to priest lot i | J'.'TIM ?|.

[Or choir keeps repealing priest's apologv. Cl T \p e lh'H.| field Pent Cuckoo 8 . — Furnish ///; India: I lionipstui Italy . England, U .S .: Baughman (J2-I98, J2-I98.1

J ’ i‘Ul

/

1832N* Lamb of God Becomes Sheep of God. 1 las grown up -am < \noih I. .uu< . Henssen Jiil. No. 477, Ilenssen Volk No. 271); Hungarian 1; Slovenian 2 ; Serboeroatian ./; Russian: Andrejcv: Creek: Loukatos No. 3b. 1837* A Pet Dove Drops Excrement in the /hirst's Soup, and is forgiven. A servant eon.plains that if it were he who had done it. he would he disciplined. Walloon 2.

1838

J he lino m Church. The hog has been locked by mistake in the c h u r c h all week. When the congregation comes the bog rims between the par­ son's legs and carries him out. [X415]. *F’eilberg Ordbng s.v. »svin». • Finnish 12: Finnish-Swedoh 7; Fstonian fi; Swedish 22 (Uppsala 10, Stockholm K Lund 3. Linngm.m «• mise. ()) \ French 9: Spanish I; Centum 77 (Archive 13, ITeussen \ r,l^ No. 267); Rumanian /; Hungarian 7; Serboeroatian // KmstaiiAndrejev. 1839 The (ami-playin'; Parson.

1839A / \uson Calls out Cards. The parson plays cards all Saturday night. IL goes to sleep at church and calls out the names of the cards. |N:>|Livonian (1839.V) 7; Lithuanian . * 17f)14) 2; Irish 77; Centum 3. West Indies (Negro) /. 183911 Senium lllushatcd. The parson wagers with the students that he wiN be­ gin his semon with an illustration bom card-playing [N71].

FFC 1K4

The Types o f the F o lkta le

Finnish 2, cf. also 1827A; Livonian 7 ( 1889B'); Swedish :>■;(idteborg /. Lund 5, Liungman 7); Danish: Kristensrn h'trLetjeneste | >j>. Tiff. 1839* A faking Thunder. 'The priest's servant girl is to make lluuidrr. She falls through the church ceiling. f lemish 7. 1840

At the Blessing of the Grave the Parson s Ox Bteaks Loose. »Xow the devil has him.» [X421]. *Feilbcrg Ordbog III 908b s.v. »tyr». Finnish 56; Finnish-Swedish 1: Swedish cf. (1833**) 3 (Uppsala 2, Lund 7); Irish 1: Russian: Andrejev. — Spanish-Ameriean: Rael (U.S.) No. 472.

The Parson s Ox, (Other jests about an ox or cow due the parson for funeral.) Finnish 29. 1840B The Stolen Ham (Croat), The priest steals a ham but promises to pray for the man he lias stolen it from. Priest: O God curse the man who lost the ham and bless him who stole it. Finnish-Swedish: Finfands svenska F()('

Stith Thom pson

FFCl 18-1

1844

1 hr Parsun Visits the Sick. Cf. Type 1698 I.

1844 A

Ao 7 nne for Sickness. Mother busy with her children has no time to be sick. Finnish 11. Priest Prefends a Dream and injures flageolet player of whom he is jealous.

1844*

Spanish 1. 1845

The Stndenl as Healer has sign hung around the neck of a sick call”on which is written: »If he does not live, let him die.» Later, as parson, he is sick. They propose to heal him with the same remedy. [j 1513.1]. (Or the priest sponsors a sham doctor with the same result). Hepding Hessische Blatter XXXVIII 78ff. — Finnish 11; Livonian cf. (1845) 2; Swedisli 21 (Uppsala 10, Stockholm /, Lund 2, mise. 8): Norwegian 3; Scottish 1; Catalan: Amades cf. No. 2043; German 6’ (Archive 5, Hcnsscn Volk No. 307); Czech: Tillc Soupis II (2) 453f. 2; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 3.

1846* changed to 1810A*. 1847* Biblical Repartee. 'The gentleman and the priest quarrel. The gentleman strikes the priest with a cane: »This is Moses' slaff.» The priest shoots with a pistol: »Tliis is Aaron's holy censer.» [J144G]. - - Or: »Whoever shall smite thee on the* right cheek, turn to him the other also.» —- »For with what measure you mete, it shall be measured to you again». Estonian 2; Finnish (>. 1848

(formerly 1848*) A Pebble far each Sin. The man who cannot remember the number of his sins. The priest has him put a pebble in a sack for each sin. The man comes to confession with three large sacks of pebbles. [J2466.1]. Cf. Type 17380*. *\Vcsselski lladscha ..Kasreddin I 207 No. 9. — Irish 2; English 2; French 1; Flemish (1848*) /; German: Dittmaier No. 468; Faigiish-Amcrican: Baughman 1.

1848A

1848B

The Pastor's Calendar. Recognizes Easter when he sees colored egg shells. On Ash Wednesday lias put into a bottle forty-eight pumpkin seeds to chew for each feast day. *Kdhler-Bolte 1 484; Wesselski lladscha Aasreddin I 207 No. 9. Rumanian (18251*,) 2.

Beans in Packet. Ignorant priest keeps account of Lent by counting bean5 in pocket. Woman mixes them up. [J2466.2|. Greek (1811*) 5.

1848C

Saint's Account Book. Priest, paid for number of times he mentions sam1 in sermon keeps account on notched stick. Must get. second stick. Spanish (1836*) 1.

1048D

Priest Confuses Easter and Christmas. Russian: Andrejev (*1850) 2.

FFC 104

T he T ypes o f the Folktale

507

1049* The Priest on the Cow's Tail. When the cow is being' milked, the priest tics her tail to a button on his coat. The wasps sting her and she runs awav with the priest. LJ2132.3]. Estonian 5.

ANECDOTES A BO UT OTHER GROUPS OF PEOPLE 1851 1853

Jokes about Devout Women. Cf. Type 1805. Lithuanian (*1835, *1846, *1847, *1849) 20. Jok es on Millers.

1853A* The Double-cheating Miller, lie confesses that he has an oversized measure and agrees to get a smaller one. He measures back the grain in the smaller one. [K48G]. Spanish (1800*13) 1. 1853B* Dishonest Miller Unmasked at funeral given celebrating his honesty. Spanish (1864*) 1. 1854* Tales of Cowardly Tailors. Cf. Type 1640. Motifs: J2623. 'bailor puts on thimble as protection from slug. K1837.I. Boasting coward exposed bv wife who masks as highwayman and robs him. Spanish 2.

Jokes about Jews [X610]. Cf. Type 1656. Lithuanian (*1854— *1869) 121; Serbocroatian 1. 1855A Jewess makes Parents Believe that she is to Give Birth to the Messiah. She bears a girl. [J2336]. *Wessclski Monrhslalein 65 No. 53; *\Vcsselski Bebel 1 213 No. 104; Italian Novella: Rotunda (J2336). — Lithuanian (*1864) 4 ; German (well known). 1860 Jokes on Lawyers. 1860A Lawyers in Hell. Beggar frightens lawyer into giving by telling him of all the lawyers in hell. [X312]. Cf. Type 1738. Spanish (819*); German: Zcnder No. 28; Serbocroatian 2. Cf. L.S.: Baughman (X312). 1860B Dying like Christ — between Two Thieves. The dying man has the lawyer and the notary stand on cither side of him. [X313]. ►Spanish (1583*); Finnish (1843A*) 1; German: Merkcns No. 187. U.S.: Baughman (X313). 1860C Doubts his own Guilt. Eloquent lawyer makes obviously guilty client doubt, his own guilt. [X319.1]. Canada, U .S.: Baughman (X319.1).

1855

i860’ changed to 183413*. 1860A* The Thick Forest. So thick dial the lawyer can hardly get through. Says he saw moose with enormous antlers there, Mow :1 French-Canadian.

r»0M

1861

Stith Thom pson

IT C : 1M4

Jokes on Judges. ’1 hr Greater Bribe. Judge awards decision to the greater bribe [ J1 192.1 |, *DeVries RFC LXXIII 263; PauJi fed. Boltc) Nos. 125, 128. 652, 853; Scala Geli 20a No. 122. -—Finnish (>; England: Baughman (J 1102.1); I lalian Novella: *Rotunda (J 1192.1); Jewish: Neuman ( J1192.1 ; India: *Thompson-Balys (j 1192.1).

1861A

1861* Keep ji our Seats/ A proud woman enters the church just as the congregation is rising for prayer. She thinks they arc rising lor her and bids them be seated. Finnish 6.

Jokes on Doctors (Physicians) [K1955, X372]. Cf. Types 660, 1641, 1759, 1845. Scrbocroatian 1. 1862A Sham Physician: listing the Plea Powder. Catch the flea, open its mouth, and place the powder inside. [K 1955.4]. Pierre Faifen No. 18; Spanish (1550A*) 7; Cerrnan: WossidJo To dem Lande Fritz Reuters 143; Italian Novella: Rotunda (K1955.4). 1862B The Sham Physician and the Devil in Partnership. The devil is to rnier the girl and the phvsieian will collect reward for driving the devil out. [K 1955.6]. Spanish (340*) 4; India (1164])) 9; Cape Verde Islands: ♦Parsons MARTS XV ()) 193 n. 1. 1862C Imitation of Diagnosis by Observation: Ass' s Flesh, A doctor tells his patient that lie lias eaten too much chicken, and this the patient confesses. Tin* doctor’s son wants to know how the diagnosis was made. The doctor says that as he rode up he observed chicken feathers and made his conelusions. The son imitates. He sees an ass’s saddle. Diagnosis: you have eaten too much ass’s flesh. [J2412.4]. ♦Wesselski Hodseha .Vasrrddin I 250 No. 167; *Pauli fed. B o l t e i No792; Italian Novella: Rotunda f j ‘2412.4); (Inm an: Merkens 11) TO No. 103; Creek (Lesbos): Crorgeakis et Pineau 131. India >. Spanish-American: Hansen (Puerto Rico) /. 1865 Jokes about Foreigners. Lithuanian {*1870} IS; Slovenian 2; Scrbocroatian PJ. 1862

1865* changed to 1834A*. 1867 1870

Jokes about the Gentry. Lithuanian (*1871) 2; Russian: Andrejev (2054*. 2067*) 2. Jokes on Irm inus Religions and Sects. Lithuanian '*1872, *1873) 15; Slovenian.

FFG 184

The Types of the Folktale

501)

TALES OF LYINC [X900—X I899] 1875

1876

18 76*

The Boy on the \ Volf's Tail. He hides himself in the mill and frightens the robbers from their treasure; cf. Type 1653. Is hidden in a barrel. Holds fast to the wolf’s tail through a hole in the barrel. [XI 133.3]. Cf. Types 16911*, 1229, 19(30. *BP 1 410; Fcilberg Ordhog 111 935a s.v. »lunde», 111 114a s.v. »r;rv». — Finnish 120; Finnish-Swedish 3; Estonian 15; Lithuanian 42; Swedish 5 (Stockholm 2* rnise. 3 ): Danish : Grundlvig No. 95; Irish 2; French 20; Catalan: Amadcs No. 530; Dutch 6; Flemish 7; German 25 (Archive 21, Merk. 300, Henssen Jid. No. 482 a, b. Henssen Volk No. 295, Meckl. No. 121); Rumanian 3; Hungarian 6; Czech: Tille FFC XXXIV 311; Russian: Andrcjev Ukraine 11, Afanasiev 5. English-Aincrican: Baughman 3. —laterary Treatments: John Fraser A Tale of the Sea and other Poems (Montreal, 1870). The Geese on the Line. The hawk flies away with them on it. The geese have been bound together as protection from the hawk. (XI 267.1]. Cf. BP 111 337 (Grimm No. 185) ; *Anderson .Xovelline No. 14. — Finnish 55; Finnish-Swedish 1; Estonian 0; German 5; Italian (Tuscan [1224] /); Slovenian 1: Serboeroatian 3: Russian: Andrcjev. Releasing the Rabbit. A h u n t e r s h o o t s a t c a p t u r e d r a b b i t t i e d t o a p o l e . H e h i t s t h o str in g a n d breaks i t ; the r a b b it escapes. Italian (T u sca n |1 8 7 6 | /); Serb oeroatian

1.

The Boy in the Hollow Tree,

1877*

'i 'l i e w o o d c u t t e r c h o p s o n t h e t r e e . F r i g h t e n e d , h e l e a v e s h i s h o r s e b e h i n d . | X 1 8 5 - 1 .1|. F i n n i s h ( 1 8 7 7 ) 30; E s t o n i a n ( 1 8 7 7 1; R u s s i a n : A n d r c j e v ( 1 8 7 7 * A ) 5.

1878*

A t r a v e l e r is f e d a s t e w a n d th r o w s u p th e c a l a n d fou r kitten s. FV ench-G anaclian.

Cat Stew.

n\Is

m u c h . T o l d it is c a t h e h a s e a t e n , h e

1880 Ihe Boy has a Hat oj Butins clothes of paper. Ts shot from a cannon

| X 1853, XI 852], etc. (an end-formula). Feilberg Ordbog II 87 s.v. »kanon». Finnish 40; Finnish-Swedish I ; Livonian 1 2 ; Lithuanian 8; ITcneh 3; Dutch l ; Russian: Alanasiev 7. Literary Treatments: Munchhauscn. ch. 13. 1881 The Man Carried through the Air by Geese | XI 258.1 |. Coffin 2 . Lithuanian 5 ; 11 ish 2 ; Dutch 1 ; Flemish : 188)1*') 2 ; German a; Serboeroatian I; Russian: Afanasiev M876B*) :7/Japanese: Ikeda; Flnglish-American: Baughman 12. Literary Treatments: Miinchhauscn. ch. 2. Hi8l* Parrots Tty Away with Tee. S p a n is h -A m e r ic a n : H a n se n i 1889*

(A rgen tin a;

2.

1882 7 he Man xcho Fell out of a Balloon. Buried in the earth, he goes to gel a spade to dig himself'out. [XI 731.2.1], (Tirst ed. X917.)

510

FFC 184

Stith Thompson

Gardner JAFL XXVTI 305; Kohler-Bolte I 323. — French 6; Dutch 7; FJemish (1896*) 3 ; German: Merk. 242; Hungarian 2 ; Russian: Afanasiev (1877B*) 7. - - Knglish-Anicrican: Baughman 10. 188 2 A Man Caught in Log [cleft tree) Goes Home to Get Axe. to cut himself out. Hungarian: Ber/e Nagy (1961**A) 77, Honti 2 ; Russian: Afanasiev (1877*B) 8. 1886 Man Drinks from own Skull. The skull falls into the water and a duck makes a nest in it. *BP II 514 No. 112. — Russian (*1886) 4. 1886* Fighting Sheep Butt Fmch Other hundreds of miles. Spanish-Amcriean: Hansen (1889**1)) (Argentina)

1.

1887* Cattle Merchant's Voyage Across the Sea. A man floats across the sea on a mat. Cennan 3; Austrian: Raiding No. 51; Slovenian 11; Serbocroatian ^

1TC 18-1

T h e Types of the l ’olkuih-

— Franco-Arnerican (Canada) 5; Spanish-Amci ican: I I.mscn 2"l 1 li rfi Ik i 11 u a ho m i u w lm ll is ■till b a n cue. '1 he• ! ,1st n ll. i i . n loi-.sli a m . , . -I,.n i'• ! he first w i !l lake O\ e 111 \ peuni i U oil III. l i d 1 1|( Will 1il< O' liulst in his Ian t'TII. T n e lid i • \11;i a i< a 11 : b; shl-h ma n 113( ' l l i 13 2 :::

// /y,;,. . /. a .. 1 h 1’ i •low ma ! i i;i: h a d h e a n l

o f it. a n d sends th e m a n to ’ b} an ld e . u t e o r h a w k w h i c h is p e r c h e d on a n a n v i l a n d lias w o r n t h e a n v i l a lm o s t (l n -n iL 'li I n a f t e r e a ti n a ;; so on to t h e t h i r d , a s a l m o n

ws m ow m eadow.

X I Laa.

te ar

X 1 2 b 7 .2 .

up

w o lf .

X 13 12.3. S nail

I-Voli, eats

kills

lio n .

Purbei

11 ioh

Hawk

s w im s .

pluw share.

X I 17 2.1 .

M o u n t a i n o f elu-ese. flo w s up

P l o w w i t h o u t ho rs e n r w heels. X l 2 a h . b X 1 2 P 4 .1 .

X la iL I.

Pancakes

drab

Lirowiira,'

Plies

hunts on

bu ild

] )oves b iid ^ r.

lu re.

X la la .I.

h m e -ite e .

X la 2 d .l.

L 77 I . I . lU . ( i i ) iLi'erl w e n d house. X l a 17 .2 .1 . I Io i i e v

n i o u u l a i n . X 1at> 1. l\o m
. S m k li n e

m o th er

(d li il d

in

crad le.

th ro w s d o w n

X I bath I.

m ill-w h e e ls

(Ih ild from

th ro w one

down

n.w n

a k id .

lo . i i i n i l i n .

X 11!a7. M a n d r o w n e d on n i o i i n i a i n . M>P H I L a p p ish

I:

2 ilfl.

C h im in Xos.

S w e d is h

haiLtlisl) i ; : L r e n c h 1a » i; lis h - A m e i l M a ( ) * :: A :

/a

!:

\- a n

P uerto

3.

/.

la *1 .

In n a d i

a. S n . c h h o h u

I:

S I • •\a

Ik m ^ h m a n

R ic o

] l e m d o i us H 1 17. I d : Xm

Span ish :

lab .

l p p s a la

11

.‘A

A frican

i. i *i

>:

/

o

l.iilin m n n

Lund

K h .m . i h

M tine I il ia u -ei i. i h . I /

l.ih a.ii-. P
i- •

IK

/.

h i Ii

............... ...

S p a n r li A i m u. ..n »\

/

/ n.

l l a n /Fhe rock has b e c o m e s e x t o n .»

s a n g s o w e l l i n the- m o r n i n g » [ J 2 3 1 9 . 4 ] . C f . T y p e

33;

Furnish inise. /};

(Tuscan

sausage [ F 7 7 U .1 0 ,

X 18b 3|.

Vksk. I X

1935 Tofsy-Turvy Land .

L ithuanian [171)3] a, b

roof'd

1932 C haref i B u i l t o f Cheese, B o ite Zs. f

2;

E stonian

Italian

pancakes and Type 3 2 7 A .

the

(*1883)

a l l is o p p o s i t e f r o m

* B P I I I 2 4 - I f f , * 2 5 4 f f . ; W i e n e r l F F C L V T 441T. (*1931C )

is w h y

(U ppsala

R ussian: A fanasiev

L ithuanian

where

4

Sw edish

w ith C f

da. •

Land

5; 2):

— »That

he

1920A. /, L u n d A (1931A

door locked

2.

with a

34. the usual.

[X 1505].

R ussian : Afanasiev

//.

1940 ’J he Extraordinary Xamcs.

The

place

where

e x t r a o r d i n a r y n a m e s | i ; 7()3, X l h O b j . C f

anim als

Type

and

things

have

15G2A.

*BP III 129 (Grimm Xo. 1 4 0 ) , TV .183; Basset Contes be.rbhes 330 No. Bolle Zs. 1'. Vksk. XXVI 8, 3 7 0 ; Oelarue Arts cl T r a d i t i o n s I ' o f i t i a n t s I 2 7 5 : Kbhler-Bohc 1 -121; *Anderson Xovelliue No. 8. Finnish Lstonian 3 ; Danish: Grundtvig No. 13; Irish 3!h Beal IT 9 1 . 2211. No . 7. Jackson FL XI ATI 2 9 2 ; French ti; Spanish ( 1 9 i O * C , *F, *F. * 0 ; Dutch 7 / Fh-mish 77, Wilteryck p. 27 4 7.9; G e r m a n 7; Russian: Afanasiev 11. - Spanish-Amcrican: Rael No. 2 8 8 ■l \ S. ;: West Indies .'Negro':: Flowers 5 8 5 . 209:

1948

7 oo M u c h 1 all.. T h r e e m e n v o w e d

to s ile n c e g o to a g le n a w a y

w orld.

one

At

the

cud

of seven

years

O th e r s are a n g r v but silent. At savs:

I w a s not a c o w

speaks:

I

heard

a

h o r n the

cow

lowing.

the' e n d o f s e v e n y e a r s m o r e , s e c o n d o n e

b u t a b u l l ! T h e t h i r d is v e r y a n g r y b u t s t i l l s i l e n t .

A i t h e e n d o f s e v e n y e a r s m o i c , t h e t h i r d o n e s a y s : I ’ m l e a v i n g t h b ;>).( o l

laziness. [ \ \ 1 1 1 .1 ], *BP Finnish Sw edish

III

23;

207

(G rim m

Xo.

Finnish-Sw edish

/ (lam d

3.

m ise.

/):

151): 7;

M arehcn 2 1 3

W esselski

Lstonian

Icelandic

3;

L ithuanian

/, Irish

Iff

Beal

No.

4; 11

21.

L appish

7.

218, J a c k s o n

IT C 184

The Types of the Folktale

• Ml

FI, X L V 1 1 292; English 7; French 2; Spanish I: C atalan: A mades No. 362; Flemish 5; Germ an 4 (Archive 3, iicn ssen Volk No. 288); Italian (Trieste: Pinguentini cf. NTo. 30, Sicilian 2 \ \ R u m a n ian 2. M 698*) 7; H u n garian 7: Slovenian 8; Serbocroalian 2; Russian: Andrcjev I; 'Pin k is h : Eberhard-B oratav N o. 335 1; In dia 6. - K nglish -A m cricn n : B a u g h m an 7; Spanish-Am erican: Hansen (* *823A B ) (Puerto Kierhard-Boratav No. 17:1 V. 1 9 6 0 II The Great Ship [X 1(H)LI ]. *BP II alt). Finnish-Swedish (19b 0:J:) 3 ; Swedish 7 (Uppsala a. Lund /); N orw egian : Solheim 1; Dutch G; (im n;m 1. 1960J

The (Scat Hint

|B31.1 |. Flemish 1; German 1; R u m a n ia n 1; Slovenian 3 ; Russian: Afanasiev ( !,:19hOC I T h e fruitful ■Uppsala 2. Lund M S. D FS. 1961 Ib h l.V

/};

Danish

7 he /)/;* 11X775/". Chant with sixty daughters [X 1 0 7 1 ]. N orwegian: Solheim 2. (1901**: 2. /o . r r . v

in a

/>«/". M a n

11k \ c a r r y h im

c a r r i e s l l u v e r i v e i . s in b a g , d r o p s bug a n d

to d e stin a tio n .

Hungarian: Ber/e Nag\ ,; l 9 0 l !;:s!T>)

lets

r i \ » !'s ( ,u L

The Types of the Folktale

FFC 1»4

r»2 1

1961 B* Boat/tom Walnut. Man shakos walnut tree and makes a boat from a walnut. Hungarian: Ber/e Nagy •; 1961**(_)i 15. HIGH-* 7 he Four-horse Coach. Man ttikes four horses, two in from of the ooaoh and two after it. On the road they lose a wheel: takes a horse to go hack and find il. Me tries to pul the wheel around the horse's neck, and die horse breaks his leg. Of. Bolte-Polivka HI 296— 299: Hungarian: Bor/.e \ a g y '191)1**1). 2 . 196ID* IIhick Pi" Belongs to Which Son ? Pretended wise man rannni tell. Hungarian: Berze Nagy (19G1**B) 2.

1962

M y F a th e r 's B a p ti s m

Hungarian: Honti

('Lying-tale with many episodes.) Ber/e Nagy 09(51 A**, B**. C’.**'i 5 5 .

[ } \ rc d d i n / \ . JS.

1962A

l l i e G r a il W r e s tle r s . Of. Types 650B*, 1960. [T531.6.8.3.3. H122f)J. (a) A prodigious wrestler (eater) sets out to challenge another. (The daughter of the second jacks uj) an elephant and carries it about, or calls it a mouse . ) [X941.3]. (If) 'They meet an old woman who says they may wrestle on her arm [X 94I.2], handkerchief, etc. (c) A great bird picks them (and many animals) up and flies off with them, (d) T h e bird drops them into the eye of a princess, who says a speck of dust has fallen into her eve, or the like [X911.4]. India //.

1963

L i e : B o a t w ith o u t. B o tt o m S a i l s S e a .

1965

7 hree S o n s . Blind, lame, naked go on hunt. [X 1791]. **Boratav »Lcs trois eompagnons in firmest F a h u la II 23 Iff.: Honti H d w b . d . M a r c he n s II 597; *BP III 1 Hi H him m No. 13B): * Anderson N o v e l line. No. 112; *Spiess O r ie n ta lis c h e S t a f f e in den K in d e r - a n d I i a u s n u m h en d< r B r iid c r G r i m m , p. 30. --- Herman ; 1962* ) 15. Henssen V o lk E r z d h l t No. 293; Hungarian: Ber/e Nagy (19(51 **F: / / Walloon (1884*) 1. - Spanish Ameriran: Hansen (1920*H T7), i Puerto Rico) /.

*BP HI 1 IB. K n o i s l a n d h is

1991’ changed n> 1922*.

O r m a n (1963*)

17.

Henssen

V o lk K r r j h l t

No. 293.

I V F O R M U L A T AL E S

CUMULATIVE TALES The following, belonging elsewhere, have been assigned new numbers as indicated 2005* changed to 1574A. 2005** changed to 1574B. 2006* changed to 1890J3*. 2007* changed to 1382*. 2009* changed to 1348. 2010* changed to 1338A. 2000—2pi 3 G b a i n s b a s e d on n u m b e r s o r o b j e c t s 2009 Origin of Chess. Inventor asks one wheat-grain for the first square, two for the second, four for the third, eight for the fourth, etc. The king cannot pay. [Z21.1]. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2009; *Livingston Modern Language Notes XLV 246—51; Murray -History of Chess (Oxford, 1913) 207- 9, 755. 2010 Ehod mi yode.a (One; ivho knows?). Le dodici parole della verita. Las doer palabras rctorneadas. The numbers from one to twelve arc brought into relation with various objects, often of religious significance. [Z22]. ** Espinosa Rcvista de Filologia Kspanola XVII 390ff.; *Taylor JAIL XLVI 79 No. 2010; *BP I l f 15 m; *Greenleaf Ballads and Sea-songs of Newfoundland (Cambridge, Mass., 1933) 93 No. 41; **Hdwb. d. Marchens II 17 Iff.; *Newell »The Carol of the Twelve Numbers» JAFL 1^ (1891) 215—220; Di Carlo II Folklore Italiann I 186; Gheroni ibid. IV 178; Corso ibid VII 92; Caputo ibid. VII 298; Kohler-Bolte III 370 n. 2. — Lithuanian 12; Swedish (GS 2036) 9 (Uppsala 2, Stockholm 2, Liungman /, misc. 4); French 25, (2045*) 1; Spanish: Espinosa II 1H 143, (2045*) 1; Russian: AndrejevNo. 812B*; Jewish: *Neuman (7*22)' — Spanish-American: Hansen (*2045) (Argentina) 7, (Chile) 6\ (Puerto Rico) 3; West Indies (Negro) J. 2 0 1 0 A The Twelve Days (Gifts) of Christmas: 1 p a r t r i d g e , 2 t u r t l e - d o v e s , •)

FFG 184

T h e T ypes o f the Folktale

523

French hens, 4 colly birds, 5 gold rings, 6 geese, 7 swans, 8 inaids, 9 drummers, 10 pipers, 11 ladies, 12 lords. [Z22.1]. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2010A, Hdwb. d. Marchcns II 172b; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 146—60 Nos. 337—348; Fcilbcrg Ordbog I 54, IV 248 s.v. »Juledagsgave»; Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv 612. — Swedish (GS 2041) 30. 2010B The Twelve kinds of Food: 1 partridge, 2 turtle-doves, 3 wood-pigeons, 4 ducks, 5 rabbits, 6 hares, 7 hounds, 8 sheep, 9 oxen, 10 turkeys, 11 hams, 12 cheese. [Z22.2]. **tavlor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010B, Hdwb. d. Marchcns II 172b; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 150—54 Nos. 351—370. 2010 I How the Rich Man Paid his Servant (Lonen hos den rike man). A farmer pays his servant in the first year a hen, in the second a cock, goose, goal cow, horse, . . . girl, farmstead. [Z23]. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010 I; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 168—78 Nos. 392—418; Norlind Svenska AlImogens Liv 612. — Lithuan­ ian 3. 2010 I A. The Animals with Queer Names: as hen (henny-penny), cock (cockylocky), goose (goosev-poosey). [Z53]. Cf. Types 1940, 2033. ♦Wesselski Hessische Blatter XXXII 55; *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2010 1A; Jacobs English Fairy Tales 118; *Norlind Svenska Allmogens Liv 612; Kristensen Danske Dyrefabler 182 Nos. 431—32. — SpanishAmerican: Hansen (*2052) (Cuba) 1; Antigua (British West Indies): Johnson JAFL XXXIV 68 No. 24. 2011 Where have you Been, Goose? — In the fields. —- Whal have you in your beak? — A knife. — etc. (Tile, water, ox, firewood, old woman, friars, mass, shirts.) [Z39.4]. ♦Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2011, Hdwb. d. Marchens II 174a; Spanish (2018*A). — Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges (Z39.4.1, Z39.4.2). 2012 The Forgetful Man Counts the Days of the Week. On Monday they go to mill,

etc. — He thus discovers that it is Sunday. [Z24]. Finnish (2012*) 8; Estonian (2012*) 1; French 5; Russian: Andrejev Ukraine 4. 2012A Widower Tells of his Courtship, his Marriage, and the Death of his Wife, all in a wreek [Z24.1]. *Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012A; cf. Bolte Archiv f. ncueren Sprachcn XCVIII 87ff., 28Iff., XCIX 9ff, C 149ff, 298f. - Spanish 1; German: Zender No. 88. 2012B Life Story in Ten Hours: »At one 1 was born . . . at ten my child’s soul was crowned in heaven.» [Z24.1.1]. ♦Taylor JAFL XLVI 80 No. 2012B. Spanish /. 2012C Bird Advises Man to Treat his Lazy Children as she does hey ) 'oung: >/In

r»2i

1-]’(

Siiih Thom pson M arch

im

1 make

* T a \ lor

2012D

my

nest

...

in A u g u s t .

00

No.

I have

nothing

m o v e to d o

wna

|’/ 2 1 . 1 . 2 ] .

vounem

JA F L

XI AT

2012(2

Spanish

/.

»Srdnnuui (iruudy. horn on Monthly

. . . latihd an Sunday.* [ Z 2 - I . 1 . 3 j . * T avlor J A F i , X l A ' l 00 No.* 2«)I21); Halliwcll Xunery Rhymes ' 1CI

11

R i c o ) 7.

/he (/uni eF> e-.'.v/r/ m>i Issue the fh/sn' / C Y . I mnl fo rm ula : l i e b e d e - •*' sir.mule l i e Jew. t i e J e w I" kill 1 11 «• u \ , tin* n \ in d u n k l i e water, d e v. ■■ ! 1,1 (|ii< tu li l i e t n e , d e fire lo b u r n d e s l n n e . die s i m i r lu blunt t h e n \ e . lie ■ I III d i e 11 >| i r . d i e r o p e ( n l i e d i e I n m i i r, d e

I m n t e r U> s h u n t t h e u n a i

de.

l e . i o n d l l ha/.i 1 i n is h , d i e w e e «;u.U i< , ' l \ o t h e l i a / e i b u s h . j / . ' V h ! . l | . I a t h n . 1111:111 : 2(k-U)T

2 0 Hi

1b

I ' v p r 2 0 3 0 . C f . T \ pe 2 1 2 .

1 i n u N h 210 5 * * ! S ; S w e d i s h /#/> il. I p p s a l a 5vb S i u t k h n l m / , ( h u e : ' - a IfniULtnian el. b u n d /, mi s e. 7 0 ) ; N o i \\ e r i i a u : S o l l u i m />. ( I n ! . \ o f \ }\e

’ •'I

«*

l /ten

II

ns a

JD r

ID r

Woman,

w ho had

a w ee w ee co\v» | / 3 9 . 2 b

■■■’■

'I he Types of the lolkt.ih

IT C I7, ‘Job).

1 ldwl». A h'ltu

d.

II

; i /;

/ , n i i"< . //; ; H a n i s l i I * , .

201(>::: » 11 'lien In Pul ( ) i {/ I If >nuin;’» A peasant a>ks die la n b o ile r lot la r w iili w h ic h tn la i- his boat ; i h r boat is needed in i.ateh I i>,h. the I is11 in h ei/e X a ^ y 2 0 (r d ) 2 d ; K ii s u a n : .\n d re je \ :2'0 >11 /.

2017 The Craw on tin 1 nned i h u l His beak and his tail alternately slick. [ Z 3 0 . 3 J . 1'aulless1. ( 7'. d ’vpc 2300. !|:d ' a \ l o r J A l ' L

X IA 'I

F i n n i s h ( 2 0 1 7 * * ■ 11

id

Xu.

2017.

; L ithuanian

ild w b .

d.

M anhens

II

100a.

.7; el'. ] I u n c » - a r i u n : l d r / c X , il',\ ( 19 ( > 2 ( 7!: i

75.

2018 >>I)7jn(‘ ,\v the Warehnn.se.P* »>Tlic file buttled it d ow n .» i i r> |X 3d.a], Finnish Spanish ef. N o .

2010*

2 0 1 l :i' ; 7 ;

23b; H ungarian: 1)

Betv.e X a e \

.* 2 0 la

2.

Andrejev

; 2 0 1 h :i:A N ,

A i L i e n t i n a i 7.

0;

Lithuanian

L s p i n u s u C . i i e n t o s 111 4 b 3

A ndrcjev

2:

20 b( . X : 2 ; S l o v e n i a n 2.

Fatijisli

R ussian:

S p an isii-A m m m u :

I h i e r t u Ri< u,

I;

173: C a t a l a n : A m a d e s

Hansen

2.

h ' x w i h o e a ! l u t e i n L iVntn lialehel cut l n r s IVom trees build hnuse. in house have wile and e h ild n n. I Iuiman ia 1 1 : her/e \ a y y 3 3 '.

2010

See Xo. 2019

/;

■ : 2 0 l 0 :'hV) i \

»\Vli('re is the

1

2020

in g e n e r a l

( ! 1 a i

11 s

la\lor

llan dw b.

i

11 \

rH \

d.

11 e.

i

a

M .iieheus

w e t t u H ma i

ehen»

1 I. ( !f. T \ ] ) e s ().">. 2 0 2 . 5 .

Ptf Pt i

aniniais

tins

an !

//3

I II V n

//. >/.

j ui t t l l u ' l i m c t a l

d e a t h

I he l e i ;

or th e j)rueession d r o w n s . | / 3 2 d | .

a c l

. n, d e a t h « >u a e i a m . \ a r i n i i s d l i e I m i c t a l e arr i . i i M* b l e a k s d u \ \ n

d o le

] n >. 1.1]. In d ia : Th om ps on -B alys f / 3 3 . - l . l } /.

2029

Chains lnvtdring other Ivanls without IntJ 7 /map Aeattired hr Mouw >*Ynu cann ot have this but von may that instead,»» rte. (H o d fish cakes kid --goat d r u m - girl. ( m l kills n">ast . m ei16B. Farmer tricks jackals, 176. Fart to be caught, 1176. Farting girl, 1453****. Fast weaver keeps dropping shuttle, 14 53A. Fasting the first month, 1295A; togethei (servant girl cheats), 1562A*. Fat cat (chain talc), 2027; goat waited for (goats escape), 122E; wolf cannot escape, 41.

KJT

'I lit* 'Types o f the Folktale

Fatal bed, 9211); ( limb lor healing plant, 614*; killing of insert, 1586A. Fate, 930—919. Fated bride, 930A, 930(1, 9301); son-inlaw persecuted, 930. Fates allotted, 94713*, 9-1-9; forestalled bv death, 934C. Father and son with robbers (son kills them), 953A*; overhears mother's confession (leaves), 1418*; wants to kill his children, 765B*. Father-in-law and daughter-in-law, 1441C*. Father's speech before eating, 1841. Fatted cow borrowed (bear returned to ogre), 1161 A. Fattening victim permits his escape, 122F. Fault-finding husband nonplussed, 1408B. Faults of king to be named bv princes, 920D. Favorite fruit of Peter, 774G; homes for animals, insects and objects, 293C*. Fear for men learned bv animals, 157 — 157D*. Fear-test, 326— 326D*. Fearless boy, 326— 326*. Feathers borrowed by raven so as to de­ ceive, 244. Feet of ox cut off night before slaughter, 1261; without boots on not his, 1288*. Feigned deafness to get night lodging,

. 1544.

Feigning death in order to be rescued, 33, 33**. Felling tree on wagon, 1242*; trees (de­ ceptive), 1050. Fencer with marvelous speed, 654.

Ferdinand True and Ferdinand False, 531. Fcstin de Pierre, 470A. Fettered monster, 803. Fever cured by dipping in well, 1349L*. Fiancee forgotten, 313; forsaken, 884; hardhearted, 1455; lazy, 1454*; is blind, 1456. Fickle wife and general, 465A*. Fictitious office pleases fool, 1689*. Fiddcvav, 593. Fiddle sticks to Peter's back, 7744'. i Fidelity and innocence, 880 899; often proved, 881. Fight on the bridge, 300A; over magic objects (taken by umpire), 518.

Fighting after death as dogs (contentious m en), 836D*. for cleanness (all eaten during test), 1309.

Figs chosen

559

lulling yard with manure, 1183**. Filthy hog and clean fish, 137. Finder’s right to coin, 1224*. Fine fellow is lather, says dying toad to pregnant paramour, 288A*. Fine to be paid for saying »That is a lie», 1920F. Finger caught in tree-cleft (ogre learns to play fiddle), 151, 1159; to be struck (servant obeys), 1698A*. Finger-drying contest, 1463. Fire by stamping on ground (hot ashes prepared beforehand), 1064; far away from meat, 1262; from sparks from box on ear, 1344; made as mock sunrise, 120*. Fire-steel summons genie, 562. Fireplace moved to reduce heat, 1325A. First crop (acorns) delays payment to devil, 1185; to say good morning, 1735; to see sunrise, 1 2 0 . Fish, 250— 274; caught by fox and both by man, 160A*; caught in boots, 1895; (enchanted girl) disenchanted, 41313*; (enchanted prince) disenchanted, 431C*; in net (small escape), 253,253*; plowed up (absurd truth), 1381 A; race, 250, 252; stolen from wagon, 1; swallows man, 1889G; to be hatched from cheese, 1209*; too large for pan discarded, 1221 A*; was my father (riddle), 705. Fish-net stretched on heath, 1220. Fishs-oup in the sea, 189513*. Fisher and his wife, 555; husband of princess, 879A; punished for greed, 832. Fishing with tail, 2. Five calves for four teats, 1567F; times murdered corpse, 1537. Flag made of stolen cloth (tailor's dream), 1574. Flattering foreman, 1574*. Flattery used by fox, 57*; causes raven to drop cheese, 57. Flax destroyed by fool, 1011*. Flax-field used for swimming, 1290. Flax-tail burned when dupe turns in wind, 2 1 ). Flea and fly boast of m an’s discomfort, 28213*; and flv exchange places to live, 282A*; by jumping betrays louse ancl bug, 276**; powder (first catch the flea), 1862 A. Fleas drowned by fox, 63. Fleeing pancake (chain tale), 2025. Flics chased away but man struck dead, 163A* ; on Christ’s heart, 772* ; thought to have eaten (stolen) food, 1433*.

oou

o il in m u m p s o n

Flight by magic, 313—313J*, 314— 314B*; from sorcerer, 619*; of animals from end of world or war, 20C; of man from own house, 1360A; of ogre, 1132; of woman and lover from stable, 1360B; to forest to avoid marriage, 888*; with help of extraordinary companions, 313J*. Flood predicted by wife's paramour (Miller’s Tale), 1361. Flounder's crooked mouth, 250A. Flour in river, 1260A*. Flower language learned, 67IF*; (mar­ velous) sought, 467; stalk broken, girl disenchanted, 407, 407B. Flute makes men and sheep dance, 594**. Fly and flea boast of man's discomfort, 282B*; and flea exchange places to live, 282A* ; forgets name, 2013*; killed on judge’s nose, 1586; on spider’s curtain, 283. Flying stone as prison, 746*; with magic wings to mistress in tower, 575. Focus, 921A. Fog to be pushed away, 1349K*. Food goes to husband instead of par­ amour, 1358G; in bag, 1088; not known about, 1339—1339E; offered to crucifix, 767. Fool as murderer, 1600; gets all back­ ward, 1690*; gives everything away (meat to dogs, etc.), 1681 A; guards home and animals (disastrously), 1681B; interrupts sermon, 1691A*; overmounts and falls over horse, 1580A*; spoils work of shoemaker, etc., 1695. Foolish bargains, 1415; bridegroom, 1685; couple, 1430 —1439; killing of insect, 1586, 1586A; man and wife, 1405—1429; parson in trunk, 1725? peasant studies medicine, 1676*; plans for unborn child, 1430A, 1450; talk discredits testimony, 1381—1381*; wife and husband, 1380 —1404; wife's pawn, 1385. Fools, 1200—1349; frightened, 1321— 132ID*; warn thief what not to steal, 1341—1341B*. Fool's errand, 1296; prayer, 1666*; vocat­ ion (priesthood), 1834A*B*; wedding (repeats all questions), 1684B*. Foot bitten said to be root, 5. Footbridge to heaven, 471*. For the long winter, 1541. Forbidden box with magic castle, 313B; to sit in trees, 62*.

Forced gift refused, 1572G*. Forcing hen to brood chickens, 1284*. Foreign language misunderstood (absurd results), 1699—1699B. Foreigners, 1865. Forgetful man counts days of week, 2012. Forgetfulness causes useless journey, 1332* —1332G*. Forgetting much-repeated instructions, 1204. Forging with sand taught by ogre, 1163. Forgiven debt, 940*; skeleton, 882B*. Forgotten cane, 961A; fiancee, 313, 313G*; wind, 752B; word, 1687. Formula tales, 2000—2399. Forsaken fiancee disguised as manservant, 884, 884A. Fortunatus, 566. Fortune and coincidence contest, 946D*; as end of quest, 460B; of rich and poor man, 735; saves man after money fails, 945A*; through power to win woman's love, 580. Fortune's source not to be investigated, 832*. Forty thieves, 954. Forty-year-old husband advised (wife prefers two of twenty), 1362B*. Foster children in love, 885**. Four coins (how used), 921 A; men's mistress, 1410; persons in Trinity, 1832G*; skillful brothers display talents, 653, 653*. Fourteen daughters' birth causes hus­ band's desertion, 891A*. Fourth story ridden to, 530. Fowl and thistle contest (chain talc), 2030A*; symbolically carved, 1533. Fox and bird build boat, 249*; and cat in jumping contest (chain talc), 2030E*; and crane invite each other, 60; and hedgehog (no other justice than that of the stomach), 35G*; and sour grapes, 59; as bluffer, 67; as clever animal, 1—69; as rabbit's riding-horse, 72; as schoolmaster eats chickens, 56D*; as seaman, 67*; as shepherd, 37*; as shepherd's guide, 172A*; as umpire eats all cheese, 51***; as^s bird what she does when wind blows, 56D; betrayed into hands of threshers, 56E*; betrayed when peasant points to basket, 161; betrays children, 161*; carried (by crane and dropped), 225; (by wolf), 4; caught (by butcher), 67*4 caught (in bakehouse escapes by 66**; caught (in storehouse and killed),

.'AO 10*t

T h e T ypes of the Folktale

160**; climbs from pit on wolf's back, 31; converses with his members, 154; deceives bear (wolf), 1—69; divides booty for lion, 51; drinks and laughs, 56B*, 56C*; drowns the pot, 68B; eats his fellow-lodger (accuses others), 170; entices wolf from his booty, 15*; escapes from law court, 53; flatters siren's children (rewarded, wolf punished), 68**; (bear) hangs to horse's tail and is hurt, 42A; in disguise violates the she-bear, 36; in drowning peril claims to be swimming, 67; in orchard over­ eats, 41*; kills young magpies, 56; leading ass to lion's den is himself eaten, 50B; loses his eye in briars, 135B*; paints (burns) wolf, 8; persuades mag­ pie to bring young into his house, 56B; pollutes wolf who is carrying him, 4*; pulls wolf out of pit, 31*; puts head in sand out of rain, 64**; refuses to be mediator, 51A; rids self of fleas, 63; rings the bell on slain horse, 40; shams death, 1, 33, 56; shams sickness, 4; steals inhospitable wolf's meat, 35A*; stumbles over violin (boasts wbout dancing), 135A*; taught by goose to swim, 226; tries animals' courage, 66*; threatens to push down tree with young magpies, 56A; with pipe ignites barn, 66A. Franklin's Tale, 976, 976A. Frau Holle, 480. Friar adds missing nose (fingers) to un­ born child, 1424; unhappy with wealth, 754. Friends in life and death, 470; unreliable, 893. Friendship between man, thunder-god and devil, 1147*. Fright of hawk at snipe's bill, 229; of wild animals at sight of unfamiliar one (cat, ass, goat), 103, 103A*, 103B*, 103C*; from near-incest kills mother, 823A*. Frightened fools, 1321—132ID*. Frightening ogre, 1145—1154, 1166**, 1167*; troll from christening, 1165; wolves by falling on them from tree (goat), 126A. Frog and rat tied together (carried off), 278; as godfather, 332E; as keeper of souls, 476*; (enchanted princess) as bride, 402; enticed from hole, 242; king, 440; language learned, 671, 671B*; races snail, 275C*; rescued from pot of cream (churns butter), 36

561

278B*; tries to be big as ox, 277A; will live in puddle (run over), 278A. Frogs and their adventures, 275G*— 278D; decide not to jump into well, 278A*; want king (King Log), 277. Frost and the hare (contest), 71. Frost-bitten foot, 2031. Frostgod and his son, 298A. Frozen music (words), 18891'’. Fruit tree from deer’s head, 1889(1. Fruits (healing), 610; (wonderful), 566. Full as the nut (empty shell), 1822A; price paid by each partner, 1206A*. Funeral for cat by birds, 235A*. Fur coat stroked with whetstone, 1349J*. Future husband, 737. Gallows robbed (dead man avenges), 366. Gambler helped by devil for one task yearly, 408A*. Gambler's wife wins back losses, 880*. Game in fox's bag stolen and trash substi­ tuted, 67A*; of hanging each other (fatal), 1343, (ogre hanged), 1066. Gander, drake and boar without money at tavern, 21 IB*. Garland of rue, 713A*. Geese carry man through air, 1881; from Rus, 91OF*; given respite for prayer escape from fox, 227; on the line, 1876. Gelding the bear and fetching salve, 153. General hatches an egg, 1677. Gentry, 1867. Gesture betrays (murderer), 964, (truth), 232G*. Ghost avenged (girl kills murderer), 512B*; claims stolen property, 366; conquered, 307B*. Ghosts supposed to be seen (really objects), 1318—1318G. Ghoulish schoolmaster, 894. Giant. See also ogre, dragon. Giant carries off girl, 327*; killed or frozen, 1165*. Giant-killer and dog, 312. Giant's toy returned (man), 701; treasure stolen, 328—328B*. Giants fight over magic objects, 518. Gift of lover regained, 1420—1420G; of the fool (children), 1548*; promised at confession demanded during sermon, 1743*. Gifts of the (dwarfs), 611; (little people), 503; literally accepted, 1572D*. Gilding the beard (with tar), 1138. Gingerbread house, 327A. Girl as flower disenchanted, 407; as goat, 409A; as helper in hero's flight, 313—

iM im i n o m p s u ii

313J*; as jackdaw, 409A; as snake, 409A*; as wolf, 409; behind statue advises mistress, 1388; cursed to re­ main small, 454*; dressed as man de­ ceives king, 884B*; driven from home (old man helper), 512*, 512A*; hidden tells suitor where she is, 1435*; in fish form as mysterious housekeeper, 413B*; in lagoon, 444C; left in tree (chain tale) 2029A*; shows thrift, 1451; who could ... not keep secret (of seduction), 886; who eats so little, 1373, 1407, 1458; with ugly name, 1461; without hands, 706. Girls follow balls and have adventures, 431A*; in robbers* den, 956G; who married animals, 552. Glass mountains to be ridden up, 530, Glutton (Red Riding Hood), 333. Glove, needle, and squirrel, 90; of king left behind in woman's room causes unjust accusation, 89IB*. Gnat chases buffalo from hole when man fails, 281A*; killed in fight of bugs, 91G*. Gnats meet tragic deaths, 291*; think they have thrown horse down, 281. Goat admires his horns in the water but lies to wolf, 132; and cabbage taken to market (goat eats cabbage), 212*; al­ ways lying, 212; carrying snake over stream threatened (kills snake), 133*; driven from nuts (chain tale), 2030G; eats tree, etc. (chain tale), 2030D*; (en­ chanted girl) disenchanted, 409A; en­ tices wolf to farmhouse and thus escapes, 122P*; frightened by man's breaking wind, 103D*; will not go home, 2015, 2015*. Goat's sense not so long as his beard (caught in garden), 127B*. Goats eaten by wolf when their mother is away, 123; fall into water because of stubbornness, 202. God and Emperor of Rome, 775*; as beggar denied hospitality, 751A*; bless you will be said only if hero re­ ceives princess, 858; can't take a joke, 1718*; called on only in time of trouble, 845*; determines all fates, 934D; died for you, 1833E; help you (silence wager), 1351A; punishes eavesdropping wife (ceases his visits), 775*; repays and punishes, 750—779; sought on quest, 460A; trusted by one beggar (king by other), 841; unknown to shep­ herd with miraculous powers, 827; will care for all, 1645B*.

A A.

l\J T

Goddess of fate, 947B*. Godfather death, 332; invitation as ex­ cuse for stealing provisions, 15. God's blessing not asked, 830, 830B, 8300, 830G*; justice vindicated, 759. Going out to earn wages (chain tale), 2038*. Gold chain given flattering fox, 48*. Golden goose, 571; hair sought, 465B*, 531; key (unfinished tale), 2260; moun­ tain, 936*; pumpkin has turned to brass, 1592A; ram, 854; shoe marriage test, 510A*; sons (three), 707. Goldener, 314. Good and bad man at death, 808; bar­ gain, 1642; daughter, evil step­ daughter, 403—403**; deeds repaid with paradise, 809**; food brings change in servants' song, 1567G; housekeeping of youngest sister, 1464C*; precepts, 911—915; weather purchased (bees), 1296A. Goose teaches fox to swim, 226; with one leg, 785A. Goose-girl, 533, 870. Gorge silently, 1570*. Grace before meat, 1841. Grain thief helped by owner, 1564*, 1564**; harvested with guns (sickle unknown), 1202. Grain-measure runs away (chain tale), 2029B*. Grainfields thought to be (the sea), 1290, (marching host), 1290A*. Grains boast of their importance, 293E. Granary roof as threshing flail, 1031. Grandmother to be bathed, 1013. Grandson given devil because of foolish talk, 813B. Grateful animals help hero perform tasks, 554; animals and ungrateful man, 160; dead, 505—508; lion, 156, 156A; saint (hero has protected his picture), 506**. Gratitude only from youngest brother, 550A. Grave remains unquiet, 760. Gray hair before gray beard, 921C. Grazing cow on roof, 1210. Greasing wheel after journey, 1273B*. Great animal or object, 1960—1960Z. Greater bribe wins judge, 1861 A; sinner killed (penance ended), 756C. Greatest fool, 1332. r ^ Greedy fiancee and porridge, 1454 ; fisher punished, 832; peasant woman punished, 751—75IB.

r jftj i«4

T h e t y p e s of the Folktale

Green twigs from dry rod, 756; eyes for princess's husband, 836C*. Gregory on the Stone, 933. Grindstone to be brought, 1177**. Griselda, 887. Groom teaches horse to live without food, 1682. Ground jumped into (trick), 1086; measured with ox hide, 2400. Grunting pig thought talking, 1322A*. Guard blinded so as to escape, 73. Guardian animal blinded by juice in eyes, 73; of queen kills poisonous snake (accused of molesting her), 916. Guarding the door (drops on robbers), 1633A; store-room door (carrying it off), 1009. Guessing girls' names, 445B*. Guilty man doubts own guilt (eloquent lawyer), 1860C; to speak first, 1351B*. Gullible husband, 1406; people cheated, 1539, 1539*; woman asks news from home, 1931. Gun as tobacco pipe, 1157; barrel (bent for crooked shot), 1890E, (looked through by ogre), 1158; bursts (acci­ dental hunting success), 1890B; goes off in church, 1835A*. Gypsy and Jew (let there be no honor between us), 1632*; boy receives beat­ ing, 1707*; tricks,1634*—1634E*. Gypsy's thefts not sinful, 1638*. Hair as ladder to tower, 310; (curly) to be straightened, 1175; floating on water induces quest for princess, 516B; in soup (argument), 1365E*; of head gray before beard, 921C; (transformed) speaks and reveals murderer, 780B. Hairs from devil's beard, 461. Half-carpet kept for old man, 980A. Half-chick, 715. Half-friend, 893. Hampers piled up to measure tower (lowest removed and all fall), 1250A. Hand of princess won, 850—869; removed when fool is to hit it (trick unsuccess­ fully imitated), 134-9D*; of maiden cut off, 706. Hanged man claims stolen property, 3G6. Hanging chosen over life with evil woman,' 1367*; each other, 1066; game (fatal), 1343; man discovers treasure, 910D; on to leader in race, 250; shammed to cheat devil, 1190*; to horse's tail, 47A. Hangman as husband refused (girl pre­ fers execution), 907*. Hans my Hedgehog, 441.

563

Hansel and Gretel, 327A. Happy friar (while poor), 754. Hard-hearted bride (father-in-law as beggar), 1455; horse must assume over­ worked ass's burden, 207 B. Hare and ram in contest (cause of hare's long ears), 136B*; and tortoise race, 275A; as ambassador of moon, 92A; at third remove, 1552*; attacked (flight from fierce animal), 1231; changes to hawk (escapes), 319A*; enlarges dog's mouth so that he can whistle, 135G*; escapes from owl, 230A*; finds one more cowardly, 70; instructs his sons, 72*; outwits man and fox, 176*; sleeps in race with tortoise, 275A; soup (hare has escaped from pot), 1260A; with rotten ears, 1922*. Hare's last will (bequeaths members to hunters), 160B*; split lip, 47A, 70; wedding, 96*. Hares collide, 1893A*; run into bag, 1893. Harness stretches and shrinks, 1917. Harnessing bear (wolf), 1910. Harrow as hair brush, 1019*; as seat for devil, 1059*. Harvesters stealing crow's grain, 243*. Harvesting (grain), 1202; (hay), 1053*. Hat, horn, and knapsack, 569; of butter, 1880. Hatch-penny always returns to owner, 745. Hatching chickens from boiled eggs, 821B, 875, 920A; eggs (fool sits on them), 1218, 1677. Hatchet-murder attempted, 1115. Haughtiness of king punished (Roderigo, Jovinian), 757. Haughty girl repaid by deceived suitors, 940. Hauling of a tree, 1052. Haunted castle, 1160. Hawk frightened at snipe's bill, 229; single trick (playing dead), 105B*. Hay harvest (deceptive), 1053*. He that askelh shall receive (hermit asks for princess), 862. Head cut off so as to put on shirt, 1285; in hole of millstone, 1247; in water (peasant allowed to drown), 1293B*; of Peter's created man backward, 774A. Headless man in bear's den (did he ever have a head?), 1225. Heads of man and devil exchanged, 1169; of robbers cut off as they enter house, 956B. Healing the king by secret remedy, 613,

564

Mhth 1 liompson

613G*; fruits, 610; the ogre, 1133— 1136. Hearing enormous distance, 1920E*. Heart oflover must be*eaten by adulteress, 992; lacking in ass, 32; left at home (excuse for threatened monkey, cat), 91; of ogre in egg, 302—302B*; (with his whole), 1186V Heater of hell’s kettle, 475, 475*. Heath for stretching fish-net, 1220. Iieathcock and bird of passage, 232. Heaven celebrates rich man's arrival, 802; entered by trick, 330C, 330*; forfeited by self-righteous tailor, 800; or palace? (drunken peasant dressed up), 1531. Heavenly maiden sought, 306A. Heavy axe (deceptive), 1049. Hedgehog befouls badger’s den so that he leaves it, 80; philosophizes, 293G*; races hare, 275A*; (transformed son) as hero, 441. Hedgehog's only trick, 105*. Hell preferred if warm, 1833G. Heller throws into others' money, 1615. »Hello, house!», 66A. Hell's kettle heated, 475. Help cleverly summoned by girl threaten­ ed by robbers, 956D; in escape from robbers by blowing horn, 958; in idle­ ness, 1950A; of God denied by proud man, 830, 830A, 8308, 830C, 830C*; of Virgin's statue, 706A; of the weak, 75; from supernatural beings, 500— 559; from three old women, 501. Helpers, 500—559; (extraordinary com­ panions), 513, 514. Helpful animals, 530—559; cat woos for hero, 545—545B; dwarfs, 503, 503*; horse, 314, 532. Hen's death investigated (chain tale), 2022; funeral procession, 2021. Hens not to be neglected like old maid, 1487*; thrown by bear to fox, 3*. Herding rabbits, 570. Hermit escapes devils, 839A*, 839B*. Hermit's self-righteousness, 756A; three sins, 839. Hero and Leant!cr, 666*. Heroine marries prince, 870—879. Heron transports fish from drying lake (eats them), 231. Herring given matches for feet, 1567*; sent to bring butter, 156215*. Hidden girl tells suitor where she is, 1435*; impostor (in holy image) beaten, 1761*; lover driven out by fire, 1359A; lover escapes, 1419K*;

man observes adultery, 1 3 6 0 ; paramour buys freedom, 13 58A ; paramour c a r­ ried off in box, 1358B; princess to be found (at bottom of lake), 8 6 0 A * ; son, 937A*. Hide dropped on robbers, 16531). Hiding child to escape late, 934, 934A, 934B*, 934C*, 937A*; from devil, 329; in ogre's bag to steal goods, 1132; under adulteress's bed, 1355 - 1355CI. High flying as test for bird, 221A. Highflown speech persuades ignorant judge, 1534C*. Hildebrand returns to adulterous wife, 1360G. Hill-woman robs peasants, 327D*. »Himphamp» catches lover and adult­ eress, 57 IB. Hog disregards wolf's advice, 106*; in church, 1838; pen for paramour, 14191’; tired of daily food, 211*; undeterred hv broken leg, 219D*. Hog-killing as fatal game, 2401. Hog-thief's knees cut by companion, 962*. Hogs in mud and sheep in air, 1004; with curly tails, 1036. Holding up the rock, 9, 1530, 1731; down the iiat, 1528; ship fast on anchor chain, 1179*; up roof as pretense for not working, 9A. Hole in basket permits theft, 1**; in tree permits violation of she-bear, 36; to be pushed in tree, 1085; to throw earth in, 1255; where he was imprisoned frightens ogre, 1154*. Holes to tell truth, 1391. Holidays every day, 1405*. Holy Ghost has had a calf, 1833D; man has own mass, 759B. Home preferred over foreign lands by hcathrock, 232. Homecoming husband, 1360G, Ml 9; (arrives at last moment), 974. Honesty and Fraud have common house­ keeper, 847*. Honey drop causes chain of acc idents, 2036. Honey-seeking bear caught in wasp nest, 49. • •i Honor of village saved by peasant (foolish acts), 1349F*. Hoof is ass’s charter, 47E. Hops and turnips quarrel, 293D*; power­ ful (intoxicating), 485B. Horn blown to summon help in esc ape from robbers, 958; hat, and knapsack,

x X v I IU 1

The 'Types of the Folktale

569; wheedled from goat (chain tale), 2026*. Horned animals in celebration (dog’s arti­ ficial horns), 50*. Horns of stag beautiful but cause of his death, 77; from eating magic apple, 566. Horse as marvelous hunter, 1892 ; cleaned (boiling water or sharp razor), 1016; cleverer than priest, 1621*; climbs through his collar, 1895G*; drawn across ice, 1212; frightens lion, 118; helps hero (in flight), 314; (with tasks), 531, 532; kicks wolf in teeth, 4715; painted and sold back to owner, 1631A; repaired (accidentally cut in two), 1889P; substituted for bride, 1440; to find road home, 1291**; to live without food, 1682; weighted down to keep him from blowing away, 1279A; will not go over trees, 1631. Horse’s fault (thief’s excuse), 1624G*; new backbone, 1911A. Horschead speaks, 533. Horses exchanged for bones, 1382*. Horses* defense against wolves (make* circle with hindquarters outwards), 11915*. Horseshoe and cherries (legend), 774C; nail lost, 2039. Hospitality outweighs sin, 750E*; re­ warded, 7.5015, 750*. Hospitable widow’s cow killed, 759*. Hot porridge in ogre’s throat, 1131; tin under ogre’s horse, 1142. House always answers trickster, 6(5A; in the wood, 431; is burned down, 2014A; not needed in summer (none built for winter), 81; of feathers and of stone, 124; of my father (penniless wooer), 859(1; of ogre repaired (deception), 1010; of robbers, 956A; old man was to build (chain tale), 2035A; that Jack built, 2035. Household of the witch, 331. Housekeeping of mouse, bird, and sau­ sage, 85. Houses of wood and ice (fox and bear), 43. How men are made, 1110*; much the ass cost, 1551*; the wicked lord was punished, 837. Human chain let fall (upper man spits on hands), 1250. Humming bees frighten fool, 1321C. Hunchback brothers drowned, 153615; cured of hump, 503; of frog, 278G*. Hungry fox waits in vain for horse’s

565

scrotum to fall, 115; parson hunts food at night, 1775; servant attracts atten­ tion by lie, 1567E; servant reproaches stingy master, 1567. Hunter bends bow (prompt bird escapes), 246; disguise for hare, 70* ; with magic gun kills giants, 304. Hunting for needle lost in sea, 1280; tales, 1890—1909; wolves with rod and line, 1896*. ' Husband behind statue advises wile, 1380—1380A*: found in tavern, 1378A* ; gets rid of hated dish, 1390*; hoodwinked, 1419; hunts three persons as stupid as his w'ife, 1384; in chicken house, 1418A; insulted as lousy-head, 13650; locked out by adulteress, 1377; outwits adulteress and paramour, 1359 —1359*; reaches home in time to pre­ vent wife’s remarriage, 974; rescued as wife’s best possession, 875C; sent for water while lover escapes, 1419J*; sent to would-be seducer in wife’s place, 144115*; (supernatural), 425—449; takes wife’s place with paramour (beats him), 135915; uncertain of own identity, 1419E*; unexpectedly re­ turns home, 1360C, 1419. Husband’s good eye covered, 1419C. Hymn singing to thwart devil, 1193*. Hypnotizing the innkeeper, 664*—66415*. »I can’t hear you» (confession not given), 1777A*. »I don’t know», 532; (thought to be a name), 1700. I killed my grandmother, etc. (chain tale), 2037. »I know» says dove always to thrush’s instructions, 236. »J preach God's word», 182515. Ibycus, 960A. Ice breaks under bear forced on it by fox, 10* ; house and wooden, 43; mill, 1097. Identities mistaken (various), 1319*— 1319M*. Idler helped, 1950A. »If God wills», 830G. If wolf’s tail breaks, 1229. Ignorance of foreign language, 1699 — 1699B; of own identity, 1284, 1336A, 1382, 1419E, 1531A, 1681; of women, 154515; of bread baking, 1374*. Illegitimate son discovered by royal father, 873. Illustrations from card playing, 183915. Image broken (gold within), 1643; of saint smeared with milk, 1829A*.

566

btilh T hom pson

Imaginative boy sees a hundred wolves, 1348. Imagined penance, 1804. Imitating the neighbors (absurd results), 1387*; animals' voice in telling tale, 106, 206, 236, 236*, 292*. Immortality won through betrayal of death, 332C*, 332D*. ‘ Impaling himself at trickster's suggestion, 23*. ^ Impertinent answers, 92ID*. Improving on master’s statements, 1688. Inappropriate actions in church, 1831A*. Incest averted (talking animals), 674, (master and slavegirl), 938*; (mother and son), 823A*. Incestuous brother, 313E*. Inclusa, 1419E. Indoors home for cat in winter, 200D*. Industrious girl to marry lazy boy, 822. Inexhaustible purse, 580*. Infanticide punished. 765A*. Injuries to ogre (various), 1143..-1143C. Injurv remembered prevents friendship, 159B. Ink on girl to frighten bedmate, 1441 A*. Inn (store) conducted by hare and dog, 200C*.

Innkeeper sent away and robbed, 967**; steals magic objects, 563. Innocence and fidelity, 880—899. Innocent slandered maiden, 883A, 8830*, 892; man chosen to fit stake (noose), 1534A. Inquisitive king, 920A*; wife and the animal languages, 670. Insect killed, companion killed, 1586A. Inspecting the daughter, 1573**. Instructions followed literally, 1562— 1562B. Intelligence or luck, 945. Intimidation of ogre, 1145—1154. Intoxicated dragon abducts queen, 422*. Intruder steals man's clothers, 1360A. Invisible voices, 727*. Invitation not needed, 1543B*, 1544. Inventive coachman, 1576*; beggar, 1578*. Iron boat tested (sinks), 13190*; Ilenry, 440; makes hatchet, etc. (chain story), 2018*; man frightens ogre away, 1162. Iron more precious than gold, 677; used for oath (trap), 44. Iron-eating mice, 1592. Island escaped in ogre’s clothes, 1118*. Itch purchased, 1614**. »It's a man!», 1545A*.

11 O 1 (I't

Jay borrows cuckoo's skin (keeps it), 235. Jack (and the beanstalk), 328; (giantkiller), 328. Jackal as clever animal, 1--69; as school­ master, 560; domineers over tigers, 64*; trapped in animal’s hide, 68. Jackals tricked by farmer, 176. Jealous queen blinds nieces, 455*; cursed, 748*; suitors maim horses, 1688A*. Jeering at fox-trap (fox caught), 68*. Jester-bride, 1538*. Jew among thorns, 592; punished by ceaseless wandering, 777. Jewess to bear Messiah, 1855A. Jews drawn from heaven by auction in hell, 1656; fear sign of cross, 1709*. John the bear, 30IB. Joint depositors sue banker, 1591; owner­ ship of cow (front or back), 1633*. Joker poses as ghost (punished), 1676. Jokes about parson, 1725—1849; and anecdotes, 1200—1999. Jorinde and Joringel, 405. Joseph and Mary to leave heaven, 805. Journey in search of Fortune, 460B; to God, 460A, 461 A; to hell, 466**; to other world, 465C; to Rome by animals, 20D*; (useless) caused by forgetfu1ness, 1332*—1332G*. Journeying animals, 130, 210. Jovinian, 757. Judge appropriates object of dispute, 926D; expects bribe from displayed purse (stone in purse), 1660; kicked (to illustrate case in court), 1327A; outriddled, 927; persuaded by highflown speech, 1534C*. Judges, 1861 A. Judgment of .Solomon, 926. Judgments in this world discovered, 840B*. Jug as trap, 68A. Jukel fetches wine (chain talc), 20301*. Jumper turns back midway, 1889J. Jumping from church tower (deceptive), 1075* ; into breeches, 1286; into ground (prepared hole), 1086; into river ahei comrade, 1297*; into sea for lisjK 1260** ; on dead branch of tree, 1240A; over (fire with basket tied to over (path cannot get under it), 72B • Juniper tree, 720. Juror asleep votes on wrong case, 17In­ justice demanded by animals who ring bell, 207C ; of God vindicated, / M 840. Kaiser's new clothes, 1620.

1'iC. 10^

'I’lie ’Types of the Folktale

Keen sight of clove and keen learning of frog, 238. Keep fox when you have him (good advice), 150; your scats, 1861*. Keeping warm in bed, 1545*. Kettle in hell heated, 475. Key in flax reveals bride’s laziness, 1453; to lady’s chest (chain tale), 2039*. Kicking aside riches provided by deity, 842/ Kiddelkaddelkar, 327D. Killing friendly snake brings misfortune, 285A—D; ogre’s live stock, 1007. Kind and unkind, 403, 431, 480—480C*, 550A, 551, 551**, 556E*, 620, 750**. Kindness of devil, 362; rewarded, 403, 431, 473, 480, 550A, 551, 556E*, 620. King and abbot:, 922; and lamia, 411; and peasant’s son, 921; and robber, 951 A; and soldier, 952; covets subject’s wife, 465—465B*; discovers unknown son, 873; enriches clothier (prescribes certain clothing) 1639*; of birds elected, 221; of cats is dead, 113A; of fishes, 303, 554A*; of frogs (King Log), 277; of snakes defeated, 30013; in bath, 681; is bastard, 655; joins robbers. 951A, 951G; Lindorm, 43313; Log, 277; saved from robbers, 952; Thrushbeard, 900; transfers soul to parrot, 678. King’s face ofren seen on coin, 92213; garden guarded by hero, 328*; gloves as false indication of adultety, 89IB*; haughtiness punished, 757; new clothes, 1620; sons seek (golden bird) 550, (magic remedy), 551; tasks, 557. Kiss disenchants animal lover, 433A, 425C; given for goods (help) but later must be repaid, 879A*, 879A**; gives chance for escape, 69**. Knapsack, hat, and horn, 569. Knife blade whetted away, 1015; or scissors (argument), 136513: to cut bread has cut dog, 1578*; with magic powers, 576. Knoist and his three sons, 1965. Knots in wood, 77411; to be made from spilled brandy, 1173. Knotted handkerchief, 466*. Knowledge (supernatural), 650—699. Koranski castle, 937*. Labor contract, 1000—1029. Lai l’cpervier, 1730. Lake drowns dupe forced into it, 10**; to be pulled together, 1045. Lamb of God now sheep, 1832N*. Lamb’s heart eaten (by whom?), 785.

567

Lame man helps blind man, 519. Lamia as wife, 411. Lamp (magic) stolen and recovered, 561. Land and water ship, 513B; of cheaters, 978: of Cockaygnc, 1930; of immortals, 313*; of opposites, 1935; where no one dies, 470B, 470*. Language of animals, 670, 671; of signs, 924, 924A, 924B. Lard for manuring soil, 1231*. Large lumps of sugar chosen, 1389*. Large-headed and large-eyed bird reared, 230. Larger and larger fish (smaller as bait), 1895A*; deposits expected (banker pays debt), 1617. Lark reminisces with stork (eaten), 243B*. Last leaf (oak) never falls (devil cheated), 1184. Late revenge, 960B. Latin learned in school (cheats), 1628, 1628*; taught by cutting tongue, 133 ID*. Latin-speaking (cheat), 1641C. Laughing contest (deceptive), 1080*; fish, 875D. Laughter contest between fox and bear, 42*. Law against sitting in trees (fox and grouse), 62*; carries gospel, 1036B. Lawyer’s advice followed with accidental success (credited with wisdom), 1641G*; dog steals meat (twice the damages as fee), 1589; mad client, 1585. Lawyers in hell, 1860A. Lazy animals punished in road building, 55; boy and industrious girl, 822; boy has magic powers from salmon, 675; boy makes princess laugh, 675, 675*; dog proves useless, 201C*; fiancee, 1454*; girl doesn’t know where spring is, 1454*; horse always waiting for next season, 207A*; husband’s success, 986; men boast of laziness, 1950; servant and grain (chain tale), 2030C*; servant reports continuing rain (to keep from work), 1560**; spinning women, 1405; weaving woman and bird’s example, 843 wife disappointed about new dress, 1371**; wife punished, 1370B*; wife punished (must hold cat), 1370; wife reformed, 901B*, 902*, 902A*, wife throws bread out of window1387A; woman punished, 368*, 368A*, 368B*.

568

Stith T hom pson

Learn to swim before going in water, 1293*. Learned son and forgotten language, 1628. Learning about money, 1385*; to fear men, 157—157D*; to sleep in bed (seduction), 1545A; what fear is, 326— 326D*. Leave of absence given obedient husband, 1409B. Lecherous father as queen’s persecutor, 706C; holy man and maiden in box, 896. Leeches eaten by patient, 1349N*. Leg never falls to ground, 1568A. Legs help stag (horns fatal), 77. Lending and repaying (progressive bar­ gains), 2034C. Lenore, 365. »Lct me catch you better game», 122D. Let them eat cake, 1446. Letters smaller than in schoolbook (boy cannot read), 133IB*. Level bushel (cheat), 1182. Liar will blow out his lantern, 1920H*. Liberty preferred by dog to food and chain, 201. Lies (sundry), 1961A*—1965; told prin­ cess cause her to say »That is a lic», 852. Life dependent on sword, 302B; story in week (day, etc.), 2012ABCD. Life-lights in other world. 332, 332A*. Life-span of men and animals readjusted 828. Life-token, 303. Lifting contest (deceptive), 1045*. Light for cat to catch mice, 1219*. Lighted candles lure rabbits, 1891 A. Lighting road for ogre (deceptive), 1008. Like wind in hot sun, 923A. Limb cut off by numskull sitting on it, 1240. Lindorm, 433B. Lion advised to skin wolf as remedy, 50; and mouse rescuer, 75; dives for own reflection, 92; does not forget injury from man, 159B; follows man in grati­ tude, 156A; frightened by horse squee­ zes wolf to death, 118; made drunk, 161B*, 485, 485B*; mourns death of dog companion, 74A*. Lion's share, 51. Lip of hare, 47A, 70. Liquor bottle falls from preacher’s sleeve, 1827A. Lisping maiden, 1457. Literal fools, 1692, 1693, 1696; imitation

ftc

184

of parson quenching fire, 1825D*; in­ structions followed, 1562—1562B; inter­ pretation ofprecepts (foolish), 915,915A; numskull follows instructions, 1696. Little brother and little sister, 450; Claus and Big Claus, 1535; fish slip through net, 253; goose-girl, 870A; people give gifts, 503; Red Ox, 511 A. Live stock killed, 1007. Living crucifix chosen, 1347; harp sought, 465B; man wants to see God, 775A*; person as image, 1829. Llewellyn and his dog, 178A. Load carried by ant, 280. Loading wood (if one load then two for horse), 1242. Loaves large for feeding multitude, 1833H. Lobsters turning red reveal love affair, 1776A*. Local moon, 1334. Long hunt (game chased for months), 1889N; night (fool locked in dark room), 1684A*. »Long Winter» deceives foolish woman, 1541\ Longevity of men and animals, 173. Looking for a wife, 1450—1474; through gun barrel (ogre shot), 1158. Lord above, lord below, 1355A; above will provide, 1355C. »Lord has risen», 1341B. Lord's prayer gives respite from death, H ". Losing and finding enchanted wife, 400, 401, 425P. Lost father sought (resuscitated), 369; husband sought (Cupid and Psyche). 425—425*; tongue (silence wager), 1351 A*. Louse and crow as friends (chain talc), 2028A*; and flea to marry (chain tale), 2019*; killed when flea bites man, 282C*; mourns flea (chain tale), 2021*. Louse-skin as puzzle for suitors, 621. »Lousy-head» (insulting name for hus­ band), 1365C. Love adventure told symbolically, 873*; like salt, 510, 923; like wind in hoi sum 923A. Lover arrives just in time to prevent lady s (man’s) marriage to another, 974; hidden in trunk, 1725; in hog pen frightens husband, 1419F; murdered, 1536C; oversleeps at rendezvous, 861. Lover's gift regained, 1420—1420G. Lovers as pursuer and fugitive, 1419D.

FFC 184

TIu* T y p o o f the Folktale

Loving wife tested by sham-dead hus­ band, 1350; wife to pluck hairs from husband’s beard, 1353. Luck and blessing contest, 946C*; and intelligence, 945; and wealth (fish with jewel), 736; saves man after intelligence fails, 945. Luck-bringing animal killed (its eaten flesh brings luck), 939*; shirt (shoes), 844. Luckless man, 947; son and wizard father, 739*. Lucky brothers (three), 1650; blow at king saves his life, 1646; accidents, 1640—1674; Hans, 1415; wife brings success, 737B*; shot, 1890—1890F. Lullaby sung by enchanted husband, 4-25E. Lump of gold priced (cheat), 1546. Lumpy porridge, 1458*. Lying boy disfigured must tell three truths, 570A*; contests, 1920— 1920H*; goat, 212; tales, 852, 1875— 1999; to princess, 852. Magic ball of thread, 934E; bird-heart, 567; bird-heart and separated brothers, 567A; bridle, needle, and gun, 594*; doll thrown out bites passing king, 571C; fiddle compels dancing, 592; flight, 313, 314; food of animal sons-in-law, 55213; hammer helps hero win princess, 308*; horse helps hero on flight, 314; knife conquers enemy, 576; mill, 565; mirror (clairvoyant), 709; mirror reflects woman's blemishes, 870D*; object and the trolls, 581; object holds person fast, 571; object stolen and recovered, 560— 568; objects, 560—649; objects and wonderful fruits, 566; objects fought over, 518; objects (miscellaneous), 576A*—576E*; objects received from quarreling giants, 518; ox, 511 A; pipe as reward, 515*; purse, 564; remedies. 610—619; ring recovered by dog and cat, 560; sickle for devil, 820A; sleep induced by robber, 958D*; staff, 304*; stick, golden feather, etc., 534*. Magician and his pupil, 325; exposed, 987. Magnetic mountain, 322. Magpie to throw down chestnut (chain tale), 2032A; thrown into mud (knows why sow is muddy), 237; killed by fox, 56, 56A, 56B. Maiden banished, 700—709; in tower, 310; kills robbers, 956B; seeks brothers (the seven brothers), 451; with serpent lover, 507C; without hands, 706.

569

Maidens in distress, 899*. Maiden's cleverness, 875, 920—929; »honor», 1542**; lisp, 1457. Maids must rise earlier (have killed cock who wakes them), 1566A*. Maimed cattle to recover, 1534B*. Maiming live stock, 1007. Mak and the sheep, 1525M. Make-believe eating, make-believe work, 1560; son (daughter), 459. Making ogre strong (castration), 1133, 1134; princess laugh, 571—574. Man (stories), 1525—1874; and his as­ sociates, 293C*; and wife build, air castles, 1430; and ogre as partners, 1030—1059; and wild animals, 150— 199; as God on tree, 1380—1380A*; boasts of his wife, 400, 880; builds air castles, 1681*; caught in log goes for axe, 1882A; does wife's work, 1408; from gallows avenges theft, 366; from tree threatens (debt, paid), 1575*, 1575**; hidden in roof, 1360; in hea­ ven, 800—809; is burned up and re­ turned to life, 788; persecuted because of his beautiful wife, 465; promised to devil, 810—814; promised to devil be­ comes priest, 811; punishes wolf (climbs tree), 162*; seeking midwife has mis­ fortunes, 1680; seeks lost wife, 400; sleeps whole winter in cave, 672D; teaches bear to play fiddle, 151; tells tiger's secret, 181; thinks lie has been in heaven, 1531; thinks himself dead, 1313—1313A*; to pick tree to be hanged on, 1587; with unfaithful wife comforted, 1426*; without a member, 1543*; who docs his wife’s work, 1408; who fell out of balloon, 1882; who flew like a bird and swam like a fish, 665. Manure to be cleared out, 1035. Manuring soil with lard, 1231*. Map produces helpful spirits, 611*. Marc taken for church, 1315**. Marienkind, 710. Mariner changed to bird, 888B*. Marked coat in wife's room, 1378. Marking place on boat, 127JB; the dreamtreasure, 1645B. Marriage as punishment for wolf, 165B* ; by stealing clothing of bathing girl, 400, 413; fee (husband wants to be un­ married), 15161)*; outside parish for­ bidden, 1475; to she-devil, 421*. Married daughter as guest, 1292*; couple separated by devil, 821 A*; couples, 1350 - 1439.

Marrying a stranger, 1468*. Masking as woman to seduce woman, 8G0B*; as devil punished, 831. Mass used for conversation, 1831. Master and pupil quarrel, 1568**; and servant at table, 1568*; more careful than servant (stag discovered), 162; Pfriem, 801; taken seriously when he begins to root out vineyards, 93; thief, 1525—1525R*. Master's coat burns (servant obedient), 1562; privilege, 1572*. Match-makers, 1688B*. Matches all tested by striking, 1260B*. Matron of Ephesus, 1510. »May the devil skin me», 813C. Mayor chosen by footrace (calf victor), 1675*. Meal of beans, 1478. Measuring land with tail (claim of escaping fox), 67***. Meat as food'for cabbage, 1386; said to be unsuitable for christening, trickster gets it, 32*; springs as toad on face of ungrateful son, 980D; stolen for poor turns to roses, 717*. Mediation between lion and lioness re­ fused for fox cannot smell, 51A. Meleager (life while candle lasts), 1187, 934E. Merchant confused in his calculations, 1592B*. Merchant's son acquires skill, 654B*; tale, 1423. Merry wives' wager, 1406. Messengers of death, 335. Mice carry an egg by cooperating, 112*; choose cat as king, 113; eat iron, 1592; to put bell on cat, 110. Midas with ass's ears, 782. Midas' wish (everything gold), 775. Middle of bed claimed by each of two, 1289. Midwife sought (misadventures), 1680. Milk in the cask (water substituted), 1555; pail stopped so that milk will not flow, 1370C*; smeared on saint's image, 1829A*. Milking a hen, 1204*. Milkmaid tosses head, spills milk, 1430. Mill keeps grinding salt (meal), 565; speaks to wolf (equivocally), 78*; taken for church, 1315A*. Miller, his son, and ass, 1215. Miller's tale, 1361. Millers, 1853—1853B*. Millpond nix, 316.

Millstone carries off fool with head in its hole, 1247; dropped on robbers, 1653G. Millstones (hero's mother's pearls), 1146. Mine darkness makes drunk man think he is in hell, 835A*. Minister cannot answer people's ques­ tions, 1835C*; reinstates self by clever­ ness (Achikar), 922A. Ministers (anecdotes), 1725—1849. Mirror answers questions, 709; reflects women's blemishes, 870D*; frightens demon who sees reflection, 1168A; stolen leads to adventures, 434. Misadventures of three brothers, 1716**. Miser and his gold, 1305—1305G; and the eye ointment (blinded), 836F*; and travelers, 1572G*; eats at night, 1562G*; in dying swallows his money, 760A*; lends money to devil and loses it, 836E*; spies on wife, 1407. Miser's soul disputed over, 773*. Misfortunes followed by success, 938— 939; in youth or age, 938AB. Missing nose added to unborn child, 1424. Mistake of breath in cold for tobacco smoke, 1320; of bear for dog, 1312; of big tree for snake, 1315; of buttercask for corpse, 1314; of girl admits youth to her room, 850*; of pumpkin for ass ’s egg, 1319; of wolf for colt, 1311. Misunderstood servant transformed, 516, 516A. Mitten as home of fly, mouse, fox, etc., 283B*. Mittens chase deer, 1889L**. Mock stories for children, 2271; sunrise, 120, 120*, 120**.

Modus Liebinc, 1362. Money in broken image, 1643; in hand (penniless wooer), 859B; in the stick, 961B; to frogs, 1642. Money-stick of robber found, 961. Monk and bird, 471A. Monks appropriate field, 1584*. Monster as bridegroom (Cupid and Psyche), 425A; fettered, 803; hero (heroine) disenchanted, 708, 711; in bridal chamber, 507B. Monster's bride (grateful dead man), 507A. Months and seasons symbolized, 294. Moon (different) for each place, 1334; dived for, 1336, 34; reflected in pool, 1335, 1335A; rescued (reflected in pool), 1335A; (rising) taken for fire, 1335*; thought to be eaten by cow (reflection in pool), 1335.

More cowardly than the hare, 70; de­ vout, 756D*. Moslem to be turned into Hindu, 875B2. Mother dies of fright when about to commit incest with son, 823A*; plots with giant against son, 590; slew me, me, father ate me, 720; wants to kill children, 765; who did not bear me but nourished me, 713; with cannibal brothers, 955B*. Mother-in-law favors own daughter (ab­ surd results), 1503*; punished for cruelty (reformed), 903D*. Mound as prison for princess, 870. Mountain of glass to be ascended by rider, 502, 530. Mourning dead ass (cumulative tale), 2023*. Mouse and cat converse, 111; and sparrow at war, 222B; acquires series of things, 2029C*; as devil's bride, 1192*; bird and sausage, 85; bursts when crossing stream (chain tale), 2034A; eats cheese (chain tale), 2030G; (enchanted princess) as bride, 402; frightens man to death, 167*; from country and from city, 112; helps lion, 75; in silver jug, 1416; regains tail (chain tale), 2034. Mouse-trap for catching light, 1245**. Moving away from trouble, 1325—1325*; large stone (stretching rope), 1326B*; the church (the stolen coat), 1326. Mower with prodigious speed (saint), 752C. Mowing by devil as substitute laborer, 820; contest (deceptive), 1090; grass (destroys field), 1203*. Mucus and excrement debate, 293F*. Multiplying the secret, 138ID. Miinchhausen tales, 1889—1889P. Murder evaded by substituting object, 1115; of child by princess, 781; of hero attempted, 1115—1129; revealed (by bird), 761; revealed (by singing bone, harp, hair), 780—780B; will out, 960— 960B*. Murdered lover, 1536G. Murderous mother, 765. Mushroom reviles oak, 293B*. Mushroom's war, 297B. Mushrooms from Peter's spittle, 774L; tested by ten-sou piece, 1287*. Musician in wolf-trap, 160A, 168. Mustard eaten wholesale, 1339D. Mutual mockeries of girl and suitor, 1460*.

Naked lover left outside, 1730B*; parson and wife in woods, 1728*; wife sent as riding-horse, 1091. Name of devil's plant (tobacco) to be guessed, 1091A; of God expels devil, 817*; of helper discovered, 500. Names absurdly given dbjects and ani­ mals, 1562A, 1940; (extraordinary) given objects, 1940, 1562A; given frogs please them, 278D*; of boys »What was I», etc., 883C; of Holy Trinity (the three cows), 1833D; written by devil on hide, 826. Naming the child (christening), 1821— 1821A; trees, 7; wild game (woman in feathers), 1183*. Needle, glove and squirrel, 90; in sacra­ mental bread struck by parson, 1785B; prince, 437; pulled from hand (chain tale), 2030B*. Needles stuck into ice as anchor, 1279; to be made (devil fails), 1194*. Nera and the Dead Man, 764. Nests of dove smell, 236. Net escaped by little fish, 253; of lion gnawed by mouse, 75; to be unraveled, 1178*. Never heard before, 92IE. New clothes for bird who flies away with­ out paying, 235G*; clothes for king, 1620; Eve, 1416. News from home (absurd), 1931. Night-lodgings for Christ and Peter, 790. Night-quarters for traveling animals, 130, 210. Nightcaps exchanged, 1119. Nightingale borrows blindworm’s eye (keeps it), 234. Night's lodging secured by trickster, 1544. Nine brothers sought, 451A. Nix of mill-pond, 316. »No» answer to all questions (princess seduced), 853A, 851, 853. No time to lie?* 19-20B; work, no food, 1370A*. Noah admits devil to ark, 825. Noblest act (bridegroom, robber, lover), 976. Nose (hair) cut off, 1417. Noseless man persuades others to cut off noses, 1707. Not as I live hut as I preach, 1836A; to eat too greedily (cat steps on foot), 1691. Notary enters heaven, 750H*. Nothing to cook, 1464D*. Novelle (romantic talcs), 850—999.

O LI 1 11

1 llO IlipM Jll

Numbers one to twelve (cumulative tales), 2010. Numskull believes he is married to a man, 1686**; cuts off limb he sits on, 1240; poor hero, and fox as fishermen, 163*. Numskulls 1200— 1349; cannot count selves, 1287; cannot find (own legs), 1288, (ass he is sitting on), 1288A. Nun who saw the world, 770. Nurse does not throw child to w olf (wolf waits in vain), 75*. N ut hits cock's head, 20C, 2033. Nuts of »Ay ay ay», 860; shoveled with hayfork, 1229*. Oak leaves to fall before payment is due, 1184; tree to be removed, 577. Oath on the iron, 44, 44*; with double meaning (Isolde), 1418. Obedient husband, 1409— 1409*. Object substituted prevents murder, 1115. Objects displayed overawe ogre (various), 1152; given away lose magic, 572**; to go by themselves, 1291— 129ID; with magic powers, 560— 649. Obstacle flight, 313, 314— 314B*. Obstinate wife, 1365— 1365J*. Oedipus, 931. Offended deity, 939; skull (statue), 470A. Officious bird punished by monkey, 241. Oft-proved fidelity, 881. Ogre afraid of noises, 1145; and children, 327; and tailor at sewing, 1096; blinded, 1135; carries sham-dead man, 1139; castrated, 1133; defeated, 300— 359; eats hot porridge, 1131; frightened or overawed. 1145— 1154; in haunted castle, 1160; kills own children, 1119; looks through gun-barrel, 1158; makes contract with man, 1060— 1114; on ship, 1179; schoolmaster, 707A, 894; tars hero's boat, 1156. Ogre's beard gilded, 1138; daughter helps hero escape, 313; finger caught, 1159; flight, 1132; heart in egg, 302— 302B*; stupidity, 1000— 1199; wife (burned), 1 1 2 1 , (killed), 1122 (thrown into water), 1 1 2 0 . Old and older, 726, 726*; beggar and robbers, 1526; »hcn» brought for master, 1623*; Hildebrand, 1360G; maid on the roof, 1479*; maids, 1475— 1499; man and Death, 845; man and old woman with cock and hen, 219E*; man at St.John's fire, 773*; man hidden later saves kingdom, 981; man in forest, 442; man mistreated, 980—9 8 0 D ; man sent to school (testimony discredited),

rrv...

jol and the queen, 708A*. Rouna words, 1696B*. Ron- ds (stories repeating selves), 2320. Rowing contest (deceptive), 1087; with­ out going forward, 1276. Rum and water trade, 1555E. Rumpelstilzchen, 500. Run-away crop cut prematurely, 1204*. Running hare shaved, 654. Rustling (rattling) frightens ogre, 1145. Saber (magic) kills enemy, 595C*. Sacrificing giant candle (needless after danger is past), 778. Sack for carrying hero, 327C. Sackful of lies, 570. Sacks with fugitives on dupe’s back, 311. Sad-faced princess made to laugh, 571 — 574. Sailor substitute for lover, 1542*. Sailor’s promise forgotten on land, 1553A*. Saint Christopher as ferryman, 768; George teaches the poor man, 790*; George’s dogs (wolves), 1150; James of Galicia, 516G; killed and resusci­ tated, 791*; Peter’s mother falls from heaven, 804; Peter’s wife (with broom), 754**. Saint’s account book (notched stick), 1848C; picture stolen (bad priest?), 1826A*. Saints blamed for eating cream (lips of effigies smeared), 1572A * ; dispute over m an’s praise or blame, 846*. Sail for salt-carriers, 1330*; in saltless land, 1651 A; in the soup (each puts in some), 1328A*; sowed, 1200. Same old story told on Good Friday, 1833F. Sandpiper praises own song, 247A*. Satans preferred by boy, 1678. Sausage as revolver used against robbers, 952*; from parson’s pocket, 1785A; kept for long winter, 1541; mouse, and bird, 85. Sausages squeezed out, 1339A; with blood sold devil, 480*. Saving promised victim from devil by good deeds, 811 A*, 81 IB*. Savior and Peter in night-lodgings, 791. Savior’s miracles, 750***. Sawed pulpit,, 1825C. Scalded wolf frightened of housewife, 152A*. Scalding ogre to make him strong, 1134.

Schlaraffenland, 1930. Schoolmaster cannibal, 707A, 894. Schwanke, 1200— 1999. Scornful princess turned into frog, 402*. Scorpions turn into gold, 834A. Scratching without detection, 1565; con­ test (ox-hide protection), 1095A; co­ test (woman shows wounds), 1095. Screaming heard by fox and hare (a frog), 53*. Scythe cuts off man’s head (others imi­ tate), 1203, 1203A; taken for serpent, 1203A. Sea birds help hero, 554*; burns (etc), 1930C*; burns (many fried fish), 1920A. Sea-bottom as enchanted dog’s kingdom, 540. Seaman disguise (fox), 67*. Search for brothers, 451; for golden bird, 550; for husband who commands house, 1366A*; for lost husband (Cupid and Psyche), 425—425*; for man who can rule his wife, 1375; for stolen cow, 313G *; in man’s clothing for enchanted husband, 425K. Seasickness cured (deception), 1532*. Second cat abed with girl, 1363*. Secret multiplied by wife, 138ID. Secrets heard from tree, 613, 613*, 613A*, 613B*. Seducer led into pigsty, 1730A*. Seduction avoided by third sister, 883B; by promising magic object, 570, 570A; of girls sleeping in barn, 1498*; of servant’s wife by parson, 1726*; with gift of shoes, 1731. Seeing enormous distance, 1920E* ; whole world (adultrcss to lover), 1355B. Seeking lost patent right (why dogs sniff at each other), 2 0 0 A. Seemingly dead bride revives and mar­ ries lover, 885A; dead revives, 990, 990*. Self not known, 1284, 1383. Self-righteous hermit (penance), 756A. Selling old donkey, 1381*; wine to each other, 1447A*. Serfs congratulate master (absurd mis­ understandings), 1698C*. Series of clever unjust decisions, 1534. Sermon about the rich man, 1832; il­ lustrated from card-playing, 1839B; parodied, 1824. Serpent. See snake. Serpent at wedding, 842B*; at wedding (leaves crown), 672C; husband disenchanted, 433—

433C; maiden (grateful dead man), 507C; refuses reconciliation, 285D; returned to captivity, 155. Serpent’s crown, 672— 672 C; flesh eaten brings knowledge of animal languages, 673. Serpents in battle, 738*. Servant as trouble-maker, 1573*; cats breakfast, dinner, and supper, then sleeps, 1561; forgets extraordinary names (barn burns), 1562A; gives heavy work to others, 1561**; mis­ understood for faithful act, 516, 516A; of giant wins queen, 466A*; sacrifices self to save master’s life, 949; sleeps on his job, 1562D*; tempted proves faith­ ful, 889. Servant’s good counsels, 91 OB. Servants beat spying master, 1571*. Service in hell to release enchanted hus­ band, 425J. Sesame (Open), 676. Seven brothers sought, 451; magic talents, 513C*; Sleepers, 766; wise teachers, 875D*. »Scven with one stroke,» 1640. Seventh cake satisfies (should have eaten number seven first), 1295; cucumber, 1295B; generation will pay penalty, 960B*; has red hair (the only one the husband’s), 1425*. Seventy tales of a parrot, 1352A. Sewing contest (ogre’s long thread), 1096. Sex magically changed, 514. Sexton and parson, 1775— 1799; carries parson into churchyard (Is he fat?), 1791; falls into brewing-vat (frightens parson and maid), 1776; steals parson’s money, 1789*. Sexton’s own wife brings offering (be­ trays relations with priest), 1781. Shadow (of self) frightens fool, 132IB. Shall I tell it all again? (chain story), 2013. Sham blood and brains, 3; doctor ac­ cidentally succeeds, 1641— 1641C*; dumb man wins suit, 1534D*; parson, 1825— 1825B; physician in league with devil, 1862B; threat, 1563*. Sham-dead (hidden) animal betrays self, 6 6 B; husband tests wife’s faithfulness, 1350; man (carried by ogre — »H e smells already»), 1139, (frightens rob­ bers), 1654. Sham-ghost punished, 1676. Shamming death to escape, 233A. Share of (lion is meat but bones for fox),

51, (wolf as umpire — the best parts), 51**. Sharing sheep with wolf, 156*. Shaved man uncertain o f identity, 1531 A. She-bear demands return of wool and flesh, 163B*. She-fox’s suitors, 65. Sheep butt each other, 1886*; chases wolf (bluff), 126; duck, and cock in peril at sea, 204; expel shepherds and arc eaten by wolves, 203A*; licks her newly-born but w olf may not do so, 129A*; loses eating contest (sheep thinks because his legs are too weak), 203; overawe wolf by boasting, 125, 126; persuades w olf to sing (dogs summoned), 1 2 2 G. Sheep’s head buried (wife cannot keep secret), 1381C. Sheeps’ clothing for wolf, 123B. Sheepskin grows on horse and makes wool, 1911 A. Shepherd and three giants, 314A; boy gets magic help, 515; ignorant of God has miraculous powers, 827; in service of witch, 556F*; sought and fox chosen, 37*; substitutes for priest,* 922; youth in robbers’ power, 958. Shepherdess in empress’s place longs for old home, 949A*. Shift of sex, 514. Shifting married couples in bed, 1367. Ship for land and water, 513B; stronger than reef because new, 1277*. Shipwreck of bat, diver, and thrush, 289. Shirt of lucky man, 844; pulled on (head cut off), 1285. Shoemaker makes devil’s shoes, 815*; makes shoes without measuring, 1581*. Shoes of lucky man, 844; of poverty, 946B*; of princess danced to pieces, 306. Shooting at father’s corpse, 920C; by looking down gun barrel, 1228, 1228A; leader’s tail, 1889A; wild boars (bluff), 1053. Shopkeeper parson mixes business and prayer, 1831 A. Shortest road (thief’s excuse), 1624A*. Shovel turned backward to unload grain, 1572F*. Show me how (ogre hanged), 327D. Shrieking contest (deceptive), 1084. Shroud as disguise for robber, 958C*; (princess in), 307. Shrewish wife reformed, 900— 904; wife

tamed, 901, 901A*, 901B*. 901C*, 903A*. Shuttle, spindle, and needle, 585. Sick lion, 50. Sickle drowned (has cut man), 1202; of magic for devil, 820A. Sickness feigned (by overworked bullock at ass's advice — ass must do work), 207A, (sham blood and brains), 3, (so as to be carried), 4, 72. Side-hill beast (short legs on one side), 1913. Sidi Numan, 449. Sieve to hold water, 1180. Sight lost (no butter on bread), 1561*. Sign language, 924, 924A, 924B; language of the princess, 516A. Silence impossible for girl at lover's wed­ ding, 8 8 6 ; wager, 1351— 1351C*. Silent man, 1948. Sinful priest still a priest, 759A; woman throws no shadow, 755. »Singing bag» carries fugitive to liberty, 31 IB*. Singing bone (harp) reveals murder, 7 8 0 - 780B, 780A ; of drunken wolf betrays him, 1 0 0 ; like the leader (he is calling for help), 1694; wolf, 163. Single blanket for quarreling women, 1393; stick of wood in stove (others have burned), 1260*. Sins confessed by wolf, 77*; of the hermit (one follows another), 839. Sister as mysterious housekeeper, 451*; Beatrice, 770; becomes cannibal, 315A; driven from home, 512*; enchanted, 450—459; in underground kingdom, 722*; out in the cold, 883D*; plots against brother, 315. Sisters rescued from ogre bv brother, 312—-312D. »Sit still» commands old woman in wolf trap, 168 A. Six brothers seek six sisters as wives, 303A; go through the world, 513A. Skeleton seeks forgiveness, 882B*. Skillful brothers, 653; hounds (lies), 192OF*; hunter, 304. Skinned old woman transformed, 877. Skins of demons to be brought (bluff), 1154. Sky-tree holds princess, 468. Slandered maiden, 883A, 883C*, 892. Slanderous lover punished, 836B*. Slaughter of the ox, 1261. Sledges turned in wrong direction by joker, 1275.

Sleep at the well, 725**; lasting for years, 766. Sleepers (seven), 766. Sleeping at the rendezvous, 861; Beauty, 410; in the middle (two fools quarrel), 1289; juror votes on wrong case, 1715; on a feather hard, a sackful harder, 1290B*; on his job (master afraid to punish servant), 1562D*; princess slept by, 304, 550; together as price of wood, 1686*; with God's daughters (nuns), 1807B; with open eyes, 1140; whole winter in cave, 672D. Sleigh ridden by animals who destroy it, 158. Slippered husband, 1366*. Slovenly fiancee, 1453* *. Slow writing for slow reader, 1331C*. Smallest animal to be eaten first, 20. Smile from saint's statue encourages altar thief, 1565A*. Smith outwits devil, 330; tries to imitate Christ's miracle, 753, 753A. Smoke carried out in sieve, 1245A*. Smoke-house imprisons greedy wolf, 41. Snake. See serpent. Snake as girl's guardian, 533*; bites objects (they swell), 1889M; drinks from child's milk-bottle, 285, 285A; enticed out of man's stomach (fed salt and must get water), 285B*; forced to suck out poison from snakebite, 182; (friendly) killed, 285A— 285D; in girl's bosom turns to gold, 890A*; killed by servant guarding queen (false accusa­ tion), 916; stories, 671— 673; trying to surround crab refuses to straighten self, 279*. Snake-girdle, 403**. Snake-leaves resuscitate, 612. Snares of devil overcome by magic circle, , ?10' Sniffing dogs looking for patent right or for dog which was sent for pepper, 2 0° 13. Snipe likes own children best, 247. Snipe's bill frightens hawk, 229. Snow dried on stove, 1272*; lain on by hare who feigns warmth, 71. Snow-Child, 884. Snow-White, 709. So they speak Latin, 1628*. Softening bread-crusts, 1567B. Soldier avenges merchant's inhospitality, 1550; becomes general, 1670*; eating with saber, 1704*; gives snake salted food, 672A*; saved from robber by

alarm, 955A*; saves kin? from robbers. t 952. Solomon binds devil in chains, 803; Grundy, 2012D. Solomon’s judgment, 926, 926A, 92613, 926C; wisdom in youth, 920. Some things not for salt*, 15590*. Somersault of frog before harrow, 276*. Son bites parent's nose for neglect, 838; made of wood (fox throws it down cliff), 165*; of cow as hero, 532*; of king (Solomon) and smith, 920; of the hunter, 513C; returning home killed by mistake, 939A. Son-in-law acts stupidly, 1685A. Song to warn lover, 1419H. Sorcerer punished, 325**; predicts early death for injurer, 934**. Sorcerer’s apprentice, 325. Soul in necklace, 412 ; sold to devil, 1170 — 1199; transferred to parrot, 678. Soup-stone, 1548. Sour grapes for fox, 59. »Sow» as name for girl resented, 1464C*. Sower answers Christ discourteouslv, 752 C*. Sowing salt, 1200; seed all in one place,

1200A. Spade fetched to dig oneself out, 1882. Span of life readjusted by man and animals, 828, Sparrow avenges dog’s death, 248; will sing only before open window and escapes death, 20D*. Sparrows exiled for soiling books, 1325*. Speaking horsehead reveals truth, 533. Spectacles teach how to read, 1331 A*. Speech of birds, 517, 670, 671. Speechless maiden, 898. Speed in skills (lies), 1920C*. Spider in house of saving housewife (grows thin), 283C* ; invites fly, 283; laughs at slow silkworm, 283D *; reported dead catches flies off guard, 283A*; web saves fugitive, 967. Spider’s disorderly house (no queen like bees), 283E*. Spiders catch fish in webs, 283G*. Spindle, shuttle, and needle, 585. Spinning-women, 500— 501; by the spring, 480. Spirit in blue light, 562; in bottle, 331, 331*. Spitting into hot porridge (like smith on hot iron), 1262*. Split dog (legs backward), 1889L; tree catches claw, 38, 151; tree catches she-

bcar, 36; tree limb (birds caught in crack), 1890A; wood only accepted, 1951. Spoon with long handle for devil, 8 2 IB. Spoons unnecessary for peasants, 9 10C*. Spring and wood debate, 293A*. Squeezing hand (iron glove), 1060A, 1060A*; (supposed) stone, 1060. Squirrel as young son, 1073; is gay because good-hearted, 87B*; needle, and glove, 90. Stag admires self in spring, 77. Stammering matchmaker, 1457*. Starving sparrows, 2 4 IB*. Statue avenged for failure to furnish hus­ band, 1479**. Statue's father, 1347*; smile encourages altar thief, 1565A*. Staying till he has finished (urinating), 1293. ‘ Stealing serpent’s crown, 672A, B; small amount (rope with mare on end), 1800. Steamship taken for devil, 1315*. Stepfather as werwolf, 970*. Stepmother and giantess, 556C*; helps hero, 556A*; woos stepson, 870C*. Stepmother's dream, 403*. Stepson as mariner makes fortune, 935*. Stick from body (fingernail paring) paid devil, 1181; running through animal’s body, 167A*. Stingy bride, 1455*; dead woman cor­ rects laundress’s account, 1449**; hostess at inn, 1449*; master (inn­ keeper) reproached, 1567; parson and slaughtered pig, 1792; parson (may the grass grow up!), 1736; peasant cheated, 1560*; persons, 1704. Stolen bride, 885; brides, 530C*; coat (ham), 1840B; magic object, 560— 568; mirror, 434; princess recovered by four skillful brothers, 653. Stomach makes life interesting, 716*. Stone as witness too big to bring to court, 1543D *; bitten (trick), 1061; of pity, 894; of the snake, 672D; squeezed (trick), 1060; thrown (trick), 1062; wall kills man followed by bad luck, 947. Stones from brook all to be brought, 1172. Stopper cared for (put in pocket, tar runs out), 1681 A*. Stories to discover greatest fool, 1332. Stork’s daughter, 709A. Storm placated by throwing man over­ board, 973; scorned by man (killed), 934**.

Story of green pig (unfinished), 2275; Sukasaptati, 1352A. Summons to reindeer slaughter, 8**. told to expose thief, 976A. Storyteller interrupted, 1376A*B*. Sun as father of girl, 898; brings all to Storytelling to buy fire, 1920H. light, 960; (setting) taken for fire, Straightening the bridge, 1326A*. 1335*; to receive girl when twelve, 898*. Strange foods, 1339—1339E; names as­ sumed (absurd results), 1562A, 1562G*. Sunbeam upholds holy man's coat, 759B. Straw and dog with old maid in bed, Sunlight carried in bag into window­ 1480*; rethreshed, 206. less house, 1245. Strawberries in winter, 403B, 480. Sunrise announced prematurely, 120**; because of cock's crowing, 114; lights Straying-restraint used on person as on animal, 1349E*. trees and hog wins wager, 120. Stream baled out in nutshell, 1273A*. Superhuman tasks, 460—499. Strengthening ogre (by castration), 1133, Supernatural adversaries, 300—399; (by scalding, etc.), 1134. helpers, 500—559; husband, 425—449; Stretching the beam, 1244; tree to upper power or knowledge, 650—699; spouse, world, 317. 400—459; wife, 400—424. Supper for greatest liar, 1920E; won by a Strokes shared, 1610. Strong companion sought, 650B; John, trick (another to pay), 1526A. 650A—650***; man and his com­ Supposed magic spell permits theft, 1629*. panions, 301B; Woman as bride, 519. Surprising lovers, 1352. Stronger and strongest, 2031, 2031 A, Swallow advises birds to eat hemp-seeds, 2031G, 2031A*. 233G. Swan and swallow to live together, 246*. Stubborn goats fall into water, 202. Student as healer, 1845; from Paradise, Swan maidens, 313, 400, 400*, 465, 465A. 1540. »Sweet death, keep killing me», 1476G. Students and later parson with amorous Sweet word given (honey and Bible), 1437. princess, 1727*. Stupid man, 1675—1724; ogre, 1000— Swelling objects (snake bite, bee sting), 1199; prince in cave, 524*; son-in-law, 1889M. 1685A; thief follows instructions (ab­ Swimming contest (bluff), 1612; in flaxfield, 1290; match of fish, 250, 250A, surdly), 1692. 252; to next town (claim of fox in peril), Stutterers, 1702, 1702B*. 67. Submarine otherworld, 1889H. Substitute bedmate provided by wife, Sword for king fetched by transforming self to bird, fish, hare, 665; turns to 870, 870A; to answer king's questions, wood and saves man from execution, 922; bridegroom, 855. 1736A. Substituted bride, 403—403**, 408, 437; Symbolic account of love adventure, bride (unmasked), 870, 870B*. 873*; message exchange between girl Substitutes in line of race, 1074. and king, 874. Substitution of old woman as bed mate, Table, ass, and stick, 563; manners get 1441*; of trash in dupe's bag, 67A*. fool into trouble, 1691—169IB; to go »Such a one» (name deceives ogre), 1138. by itself, 1291C. Succession of misfortunes but eventual good luck, 938—938**, 939; of old Tail buried (tied), 2A; of glowing iron made for bear, 40B*; of rabbit taken men, 726. for stick, 74D*; of wolf (attached to Sugar puppet, 879. bell), 40A*, (nailed to tree), 1896. Suit over chickens from boiled eggs, 920A. Suitor advised by girl in tree, 1462; brings Tail-fisher, 2. food from home, 1691A; takes offense Tailless fox tries to get foxes to cut off tails, 64. at word used by girl, 1459*. Suitors deceived by married woman, Tailor and ogre at sewing, 1096; and smith as rivals, 1631*; as cheater, ,1730; of the she-fox, 65; restore maiden 1574—1574C; in heaven (throws foot­ *" to life (who shall have her), 653B; (unstool), 800; succeeds by boasting, 1640. H welcome) locked up and made to spin, ~ 882A*. Tailor's dream, 1574. Suitors' revenge, 940. Tails in mud, 1004.

Tale of Cradle, 1363. Tales of fate, 930—949; of magic, 300— 749; told as defense against false accusation, 916. Talkative wife and discovered treasure, 1381. Talking animals prevent incest, 674; bedlegs warn king, 622; by animal captor permits victim's escape, 6, 6*, 227*; causes fool to be robbed, 1341A; causes slave's recapture, 1341B*; horse and dog frighten man, 1705. Tall bridegroom enters church by falling down, 1295A*; corn, 1920A*. Tame bird and wild bird, 245. Taming of the shrew, 901; wild prince, 877*. Tar to cover wagon, 1071. Tarbaby and rabbit, 175. Tarring hero's boat to injure him, 1156. Task because of mother's foolish boast, 500, 501. Tasks, 450—499; assigned husband so as to enjoy his wife, 465—465B*; assigned suitors, 577; given by witch for disechanting husband, 425B. Tavern at heaven's gate, 804B*. Tax-exempter, 1605*. Tea (coffee) wrongly prepared, 1339C. Tearing up orchard, 1011. Tears of pearl, 836A*. Teeth of wolf hold to horse's tail, 47A. Telegraph to carry boots, 1710. Tell-tale calf's head, 780C; lobsters turn red, 1776A*; parrot punished, 243. Teller killed in own story (catch talc),

corpse, 366, 366*; from the treasury by its architect, 950; related as dream, 1790; through substitution of horse, 1529. Thefts, 1525—1525R*. Thick forest with enormous moose (lawyer's lie), 1860A*. Thief aided by parrot's instructions, 1526B*; and tiger, 177; as dog, 1341A*; beggar, murderer, 92 IB*; demonstrates skill (Master Thief), 1525; exposed by a story, 976A; frightened by bagpipe, 1706*; prays for victim (cheat), 1840B; repents and pretends to have found stolen cow, 1636; rescued by devil, 821A; tied to tree, 958A*; turned into an ass, 753*; warned what not to steal, 1341— 1341B*. Thief's excuse, 1624—1624E*; offer of candle rejected by saint, 848*. Thieves, 950—969; blessed for hospitality, 751D*; each have special talent (joined by king), 950*; in churchyard and fat parson, 1791; mask as ghosts, 1740B; steal from each other, 1525H; trick each other, 1525N. Thieving pot, 591. Think carefully beforehand, 910G; thrice before speaking, 1562. Thinks he has been in heaven, 1531. Third sister avoids seducer, 883B; sold for price of fourth, 1266*. Thorn removed from lion's paw (Androcles), 156. Thorn-Rose, 410. Thorns danced in by Jew (monk), 592. 2202. Test of princes, 920B, 920C, 920D, 920B*. Threat to haul away warehouse, 1046. Testament of the dog, 1842; of bear, 164*. Three animals as brothers-in-law, 552A, 552B; billy-goats gruff, 122E; brothers Testimony discredited by absurd truth, show skill, 654—654A*; brothers-trade 1381—1381*. with the devil, 360; competing wishes, Tests: luck or intelligence best, 945; for 1925*; counsels of the fox, 150; day bird-king, 221A—22IB. tournament, 314, 314A; doctors trans­ Ten nights' resistance to princess's fer heart, hand, eye (from hog, thief, temptations, 307C*. cat), 660; golden sons, 707; green Ten-fold return of goods, 1735. twigs, 756; hairs from devil's beard, Tenant promises his daughter to his 461; hunchbacks drowned, 1536B; master (horse substituted), 1440. hundred sixty-five children, 762; joint »Thank God they weren't peaches,» 1686. depositors, 1591; languages (dogs' Thankful animals, 156A*, 156B*, 156C*. birds', frogs'), 671; lost children taken »That is all,» (servant leaves), 1572H*. by giant, 327C; lucky brothers, 1650; Theft and recovery of magic object, 560— magic objects and wonderful fruits, 568; betrayed by riddling answer, 566; old women helpers to be invited 875A; of bacon, 1624B*; of butter to wedding, 501; oranges, 408; persons (honey) by playing godfather, 15; of as stupid as his wife, 1384; roads show fish, 1; of his mother's berries by fox, fates, 840B*; sins of the hermit, 839; 39; of the young magpies, 56; from

sisters rescued from ogre. 311, 312; sisters to rescue little brother, 480A*: snake-leaves resuscitate dead woman, 612; stolen princesses. 801: wishes, 750A; wishes used in forestall execu­ tion, 927A; words at the grave (priest discomfited;, 1745. ■Three-fold death prophesied, 93-1 A,. Three-months'" child, 1302A*. Threshing contest. 1089; flail is granary roof, 1031; in stable where fox pre­ tends 1o hold up roof. 9A. Thriftv cutting of cheese. 1452; girl saves flax.! 1451. Throwing contest with ogre, 1083 1063B; golden club, 10(33; ogre’s wife into water, 1120; sham-dead fox from pit, 33; stone (bird), 10G2; to sky (man or animals), 1888*. Thrush gets clothes from grateful pea­ cock. 235B*; teaches dove to build nest, 230; teaches fox to sing, 58**. Thrushbeard, 900. Thum bling. 700. Thunder frightens ogre. 1118- -1148B: the rolling of brother's wagon, 1147; to be made in church, 183!)*. Ticking clock frightens fool, 132ID*. Tidings to king cleverly delivered, 925. Tiger betrays row, 131; carries off girls, 312A; ridden by sheep-thief. 177. T iger’s secret told by man, 181. Tigers adopt boy and arrange his mar­ riage, 535. Till the front sweats (pun), 1445*. Tin under horse’s tail makes him wild (ogre riding). 1 142. Titeliturc, 500. Titm ouse tries to be as big as bear, 228. T itm ouse’s great age, 244**. 4 ’oad (enchanlcd princess) as bride, •102 A*. Tobias, 507A. Toes taken for ghosts (shot off), 13180. Tom Thum b. 700. T om -T il-T ot. 500. 'longue torn out for slander, 8301’*. Too cold for hare to build house in winter, 81. Too much (talk), 1918, (truth), 1691 B*. Topsy-turvy land, 1935. Tournament with princess as prize, 508. dow er as abode of princess, 891 A. Tracks into lion’s den hut nol out, 50 A. Trade of three brothers with devil, 300. Trained horse rolls in the field, 1892.

Transformation flight. 313, 311; to row ’s stomach, 404*. Transformed golden pumpkin, 1592A. Trap catches jeering fox, 68*; catches old man and animals eat him, 208; dis­ cussed by birds (raven caught), 245*; set up bv loo! (mother falls into it), 1685A*. ' ’Trapping of animal in anim al’s carcass (jug), 68, 68A, 68B; of dupe in order to gel bail from trap, 35B* ; w olf when In­ takes oath on iron, 44, 44*. 'Travelers and miser, 15720*; lose way (find selves back hom e), 1275*; The Two, 613. Traveling animals, 130, 210. Treacherous cat, 332TT*; companion be­ trays hero, 531, 613; mother plots against son, 590; wife, 315, 318, 590A. Treasure and the talkative wale, 1381; always comes to predestined owner, 745A; at home, 1645; of hanging man, 910D ; of poor brother, 834; from dream, 834, 834A, 1645B; through dreams, 1645— 164515*; within foot of ground, 910E. 'Treasure-finders murder one another, 763. 'Tree from horse shades rider, 1889D; hiding place betrays princess who is seeking trouble, 871*; on mountain (chain tale), 2041*; pulled from cliff, 1241 A; refuge (man falls on ogres), 1154; stretches to upper world, 37; taken for snake, 1315; to be bent (de­ ception), 1051; to lx‘ carried (de­ ception), 1052; to be chosen for hang­ ing, 1587; to be felled (deception), 1050; to be pulled dow'n for watering (fool with head in branches), 1241. Tree-demon pars to have tree saved, 11G 8B.

Tree-names to be called, 7. Tree-trunks crossw'ise of sledge, 1218. Trespasser's defense, 1590. 'Trial among animals (chain talc), 2042A*; of crow and eagle, 220A; of Yorsh Yorshnvieh, 254**. 'Trick exchange of magic' objects, 518; exchange's (chain tak'), 2037A*; o f cat better than fox’s maiiv (she ('limbs tree), 105; race, 30, 250, 275, 1071. Trickster discovers adultery, 1358 -1358*.

Trip to bell, 471 A*. Tripe loathed, 15788*. Triple tax, 1661.

Troll and christening, 1165; is cut open (chain laic), 2028. Trouble sought by princess. 871*; now or later, 938A; stirred up by servant, 1573*. Trouble-maker (in night-lodgings), 1542B*; (jackal), 59*; (old woman), 1353. True bride, 403; servant saves master’s wile (unjustly punished), 516, 516A. 'Trusting God or king, 811. Truth and falsehood debated, 613; conies to light, 780— 789; told fails to be re­ warded by gold chain (bear and m onkey), 48*. Truth-telling member (gullible wife), 1539*; overdonc, 1691B*. 'Irving to stretch beam, 1244. Tsar’s dog, 449. Turandol, 851 A. Turkey and peacock marry, 224. Turning in wind lets flax-tail be burned, 2D ; of princess to suitor at night, 621, 850; over block of stone to find trea­ sure, 926B*. Turnips called bacon (cat calk'd rabbit), 1565**. Turtle’s war-parly, 297A; wedding, 286*. T w elve brothers changed to ravens, 451; davs of Christmas, 2010A; kinds of food, 201 OB. T w ixc a fool for marrying twice, 1516C*. Twigs in bundle hard to break, 91 OF. Twining brandies over lovers7 graves, 970. Twins, (beautiful and ugl> ) 711; or bloodbrothers, 303. T w o brothers, 303; brothers (Egyptian), 318; bullets with one charge, 1890G; candles lit (God and devil), 778* : eggs, 1567D; girls, bear, and dwarf, 126; presents to king (beet and horse), 1689A; sold for price of one', 1265*: stubborn goats, 202; travelers, 613. 'lyin g animals together for safety, 78, 78A; lovers together, 1733A*B*. U glier fool (wager), 1559B*. U gly name of girl changed, 1461. U m pire takes all of booty, 51***, 926D. Unbaptized child stolen by fairies, 412B*. Unbalanced field, 1296*. Underground passage to lover's house, 1419E.

Uneducated father defended, 929A. U nequal crop division, 9B, 1030. Unfaithful wife as judge, 1355A*; wife exposed by devil, 824; queen dis­ covered in other world, 871 A.

Unfamiliar animals frighten wild animals, 103. Unfinished talcs, 2250 - 2299; work holds off devil, 1187*. Ungrateful beggar and parson, 1826*; river passenger, 58, 133*; serpent re­ turned to captivity, 155; son reproved, 980— 980D ; vulture threatens sparrow partner, 76*; wife betrays husband, 612, 612A; w olf threatens crane helper, 76. U nhappy wife transforms self and flees, 591*. Unheard-of riding horse. 1091; bird, 1092. Uni bos, 1535. Unjust decisions, 1534; division of crop, 9B, 1030; partner (dupe works and trickster profits) 9; umpire, 51**, 51***; umpire appropriates disputed goods, 518, 518*. Unknown animal disposed of, 1281, 1281 A, 1651; knight at tournament, 314, 314A; son discovered by king, 873. Unlaughing fate brought to laughter (transformation), 514*. Unlucky courtship, 1688. Unquiet grave, 760. Unreliable friends tested, 893. U ntidy bride, 1453A*. Unused sex-organs, 1395*. U nw illing suitor advised from tree, 1462. Upstream search for obstinate wife, 1 3 6 5 A .

Uriah letter, 910K, 930. Urinalysis for diagnosis, 16 11A. Uttering three wise words (king is bastard, meat is dogflcsh, one-eyed cam el), 655. Vain waiting for horse’s scrotum to fall (fox), 115. Vampire princess, 307; bridegroom, 363. Vanished husband found by keeping bath-house, 4251). Vanity punished, 833*. Vaticinium, 517. Vccchia Scorticata, 877. Vengeance for being cheated, 1538; of magpies on fox, 56; on disdainful girl. 900B *; reversed, 906*. Vcrlioka, 210*. Vices follow one another, 839. Vidua, 1510. Vineyard o f ogre destroyed 1011. Viola, 879. Violation of she-bear bv disguised fox, 36. Virgin Mary and animals, 750****;

thought of saves mail from sin, 839B*; to bear a child, 707A*. Virgin's handkerchief, 754*; statue as protector, 706A. V oice changed by blacksmith, 327; dis­ guised, 123, 123A; from grave (decep­ tion), 1532; of parson reminds woman of goat, 1834. Voices from gravevard cause fright, 1676C. Vows deceptively evaded, 1811, 1811 A. Wager about seeing sunrise first (hog sees light on trees and wins), 120; as to calling tree-names first, 7; as to first to speak (close door), 1351 — 1351C*; as to who can best fool husband, 1406; can supply everything (cheat), 1559C*, o f merry wives, 1406; on servant’s faithfulness, 889; on w ile’s chastity, 882; that sheep are hogs, 1551. Wagers as cheats, 1559A*— C*. W ages as much as he can carry, 1153. W agon covered with tar (deception), 1017. »W ait till I get dry,» 122H. W aiting for horse’s scrotum to fall, .115; till victim is fat enough, 122F. W alking home slowly not to intercept wife's lover, 1409G. Wall collapses (chain tale), 2031 A*. Wanderers seek night lodgings, 1527*. Wandering husband, 707B*; Jew , 777. War of (birds and quadrupeds), 222— 222B*; (domestic and wild animals), 104. Warehouse to be hauled away (threat), 1046. W arming hands and cooling soup with same breath, 1312; the stove, 1271 A *, 1271B*. Warpath of objects, 297. Warrior trusts faithful wife*, 713*. »Wash me before eating» (victim escapes),

122G. Washing black animal w hile, 1312*; black cloth w hile, 1183; pie, 1273C*. Wasp nest as king's drum, 49A; nest for parson, 1785C1; nest stings bear, 4 9 ,49A. W atch taken for devil's eye, 1319A*. W atching supposed corpse, 308*. Water caught in sieve, 1180; o f slander, 1429*; o f youth, 550, 551; from the well (human chain hangs dow n), 1250; thrown on ca lf’s back, 1211*. »W e three,» »for gold», 360, 1697. Weak animal helps strong and is re­ warded, 75; beer served, 1557A.

W ealth of the poor, 1930A*; leads to pride, 751G * ; pretended by girl wins prince, 881**. W easel and poison, 168*. W eather predicted by farmer or horse's tail, 921 Cl*; promised as desired, 1830. W edding day foretold as death day, 934B; ceremony (absurd answers), 1820; of cricket and fly, 282*; of giant's sixty daughters, 1961; o f turkey and peacock, 224; preparations (fool gives meat to dogs, etc.), 1618A. W ee wee woman, etc*., 2016. W eeping and laughing in congregation. 1828*; bitch, 1515. " W eighed cat, 1373, 1373A*. W elcom e to the clothes, 1558. W ell escaped from in bucket by trickery, 32; to be m oved, 875B;i. W hat does God do?, 1738A*; God gave him, 1572B * ; kind o f bird, 920B; says David?, 1833A; should I have said (done), 1696. Where did the Father stay?, 1833B; did Nicodcmus go?, 1841* ; have you been, goose?, 2011; is warehouse? (chain story), 2018; to put old woman (chain story), 2016*; was Christ?, 1833C. W hetting the knife, 1015. W hich bird is father, 232C*. W hipping pupil beforehand, 1674*. Whiskey and water trade, 1555E. W histling contest (deceptive), 1084. W hite man believes he is negro, 1284A; serpent's flesh (animal languages learn­ ed), 673; sheep-skin as source o f light, 1245*. W hittington's cat, 1651. W ho ate lamb's heart?, 785; can rule wife?, 1375; has lost this? (literal penance), 1807A*; will be her future husband?, 737; will speak first?, 1351. W hy have I nothing?, 737 A * ; sea is salt, 565. Wicked lord is punished, 837. W idow with many children courted (chain tale), 2029D*. W idow's meal blown away, 759G. W idowed she-fox, 65. W idower relieved by wife's death, 1354A*. W idower’s good day, 135 IB*; week, 2012A. Wife as bishop, lover as friend, 1419L*; banished, 705— 709; confesses to dis­ guised husband (four men's mistress), 1410; deceived by hidden husband,

1380; disappears and is sought for, 400; disguises and saves enslaved husband, 888, 888A, 890; eats so little, 1373A; im mediately ready for new husband, 1330; kept in box deceives husband, 1426; multiplies secret, 1381D; must have lovers (wife confesses), 1357*; not to get angry, 1415; of ogre (killed), 1122; (burned), 1121; (thrown into water), 1120; plots against husband, 318; recovers husband’s loss, 1424*; refuses to be beaten, 888A; rescues husband from devil, 813B; sought for upstream, 1315 A ; talks too much, 1381; tamed o f shrewishness, 900— 904; undoes curse on husband, 445*. Wife's feigned disease imitated by hus­ band, 1372*; laziness, 1370; temporary success in mastering husband, 137813*; work too much for husband, 1408. Wild animals, 1— 149; animals and man, 150— 199; animals and domestic, 100— 149; animals on seligh, 158; animals other than fox, 70—99; bird and tame bird, 245; boar as husband, 44 4 E * ; boars to be shot, 1053; man set free (helps hero), 502; prince tamed, 877*. W ind and sun contend, 298; and whirl­ wind, 298D *; greeted (later protects man), 298A*. W indmill taken for cross, 1323. W indow ledge has knife which wounds prince, 432; worn out by looking through it, 1271*. W ine in the cask (water substituted), 1555. Wings (artificial) of the prince, 575. W inning cards admit to heaven, 330(1. Wisdom of hidden old man saves king­ dom, 981. Wise brothers (king is a bastard), 655; carving of tlu* fowl. 1533; through ex­ perience. 910A; words uttered (king is bastard, etc.), 655. Wishes of prince always come true, 652; granted to fishers wife, 555; granted good girl, 403A; granted (used well or foolishly), 750A, 750D; (impossible) to be fulfilled by devil, 1173A. W ishing contests, 1925. Wishing-hat stolen 581*. W it purchased, 910(3. Witch and fisher boy, 3271"; turns bloodbrothers into stone, 303. W itch’s household, 334. »With his whole hearl» ( judge carried off), 1186.

Witness to adultery may keep cows, 1735. W olf and Crane, 76; and horses (misc.), 166B*; and pig in race, 121 A *; and Red R iding H ood, 333; and reindeer, 95*; and young goats, 123; as dog's guest sings, 100; as stupid animal, 1— 6 9 //

(Folklore Fellows Communications, 184) Antti Aarne, Stith Thompson-The Types of the Folktale_ A Classification and Bibliography-Academia Scientiarum Fennica (1961).pdf - PDFCOFFEE.COM (2025)
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